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Cancer Detectives Finding the Cures Season 1 Episode 1
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00:01I think cancer plays the role of a bogeyman in society.
00:07It has evolved with us, it is part of us, and it kills without prejudice.
00:16We can't continue to catch cancer at the last throes of its existence when it is killing people.
00:23Wouldn't it be amazing to actually go one step further and stop cancer from starting at all?
00:34Research is where hope starts.
00:38It's optimism and it's a belief that we can know what is currently unknowable, and that's the challenge.
00:48Ultimately, it could change the world.
00:50For generations, a cancer diagnosis left almost no hope.
00:56It's a terrifying disease that has stalked us for millennia.
01:01I didn't expect I had cancer because all the tests were coming back negative.
01:06I don't think my body can take any more.
01:09Science has fought hard against it, and now the tide is finally turning.
01:14One of our key goals is to transform this idea of cancer as a death sentence.
01:20A group of trailblazing scientists are making new breakthroughs.
01:25We now need to take those discoveries and make them work for patients.
01:30This is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine.
01:35Discovering cures and finding ways to stop cancer before it even starts.
01:40The tumour seems to be shrinking.
01:43Shocked.
01:45No, we're wildest dreams that we're expecting that.
01:47Creating a future...
01:49...where cancer doesn't win.
01:51We're getting very close to defeating cancer once and for all.
01:54What's not curable today could be curable tomorrow.
01:58...
02:06...
02:07...
02:08...
02:09...
02:12Hello, Trevor.
02:29Good morning.
02:31What time, then?
02:32Can I take a look?
02:33You can, yes, I.
02:35If you can find a vein.
02:38We'll see how we get on today.
02:39I think we'll go for our favorite thing.
02:41Is it?
02:41Yeah.
02:41You're right.
02:42Saturday, she got in there fine.
02:45Did she now?
02:46Yes.
02:4768-year-old Trevor is at the Churchill Hospital in Oxford,
02:51being treated for skin cancer.
02:53I have melanoma.
02:59So I had water my head.
03:03My wife had been nagging me for at least a year to go and see,
03:08and I didn't.
03:11So I should have, because I might not have been in the stage where I am now,
03:14but, you know, this is life.
03:20Ah, first time as well.
03:25Keep up that track record, eh?
03:26I had that cut out in Southampton Hospital, and then they found I had secondaries in my liver,
03:39and that I couldn't have a year to live.
03:42So I'll take your place down to the lab.
03:49Hopefully we'll get a result within an hour, hour and a half.
03:52Yeah, all right, dear.
03:53Yeah, but then you'll get going and get treatment soon.
04:00Lovely.
04:00Thank you very much.
04:01Hi, Dad.
04:12All right?
04:13Yeah, come in.
04:13I'm all right.
04:15Do you want a hot drink at all?
04:16No, I'll just have a water, thank you.
04:18He's a typical Navy man.
04:20Very firm, strict.
04:23Didn't want to go and get any help, but eventually did.
04:25Oh, the cloud's gone in again.
04:28I think coming from that background, becoming a patient is quite vulnerable.
04:35How is your start at healing now?
04:37Well, it's better than what it was, isn't it?
04:39Yeah, a lot better.
04:41When I went in for the surgery, when the surgeon come in, he sort of goes,
04:46yeah, we've got to cut something about that out.
04:50And I went, what do you mean that?
04:51I was told to all that.
04:55Ultimately, we all know that life starts being born and it ends with death
04:59and we've all got to go through them all, but I almost felt too early.
05:06I felt angry.
05:07I felt upset.
05:09I didn't want to let him know that I was worried.
05:12It's almost like you go into protective mode of your whole family,
05:16our siblings looking out for each other, the grandchildren,
05:19what they were going to miss out on, what we were going to miss out on,
05:22them hard conversations moving forward that we were going to have to have.
05:27I suppose life's up to go on hold a little bit for you, Dad.
05:30Well, if I'd gone when Janice told me in the first place,
05:33I might not have got this far.
05:35So, yes, I can still blame myself, but I didn't listen to Janice
05:39and I should have probably gone a year earlier,
05:42but maybe it's a man thing, isn't it?
05:44Yeah, I was going to say, it's typical sometimes, isn't it?
05:47But, yeah, it is.
05:49Yeah.
05:51It's a journey in itself.
05:53Every little clip of the way of the journey is a rollercoaster of emotions.
06:07In Oxford, Trevor is under the care of Professor Sarah Blagden.
06:11Good morning.
06:13Hello. Morning.
06:14Hi, Trevor. How are you getting on?
06:15Yeah, good. Thank you very much.
06:16I thought it would be quite useful to show you the images of your cancer cells.
06:22Right, yes.
06:23I've got them up here on the monitor. Do you want to have a look?
06:27As you know, your cancer started in your head
06:30and one of the things that they reported at the beginning
06:32was that they found about four spots on your liver.
06:37Cancer is basically our own cells going rogue.
06:41Changes to your cells can cause uncontrolled cell division.
06:47The mass of these rapidly growing cells competes with our normal cells and becomes a tumour.
06:56The tumour.
06:57The tumour learns to evade our immune system.
07:00And over time, the tumour then blocks blood vessels, it blocks airways, spreads to other organs in our body
07:08and damages them as well.
07:10And if untreated, it can drain our body's resources until, ultimately, we die of the disease.
07:19With previous treatments having failed, Trevor's only hope was to join Sarah's immunotherapy trial.
07:27Our bodies have quite a lot of clever defences against cancer.
07:33Our immune systems are constantly watching.
07:36So a lot of the work we're doing at the moment is to try and really understand it
07:40so that it's better able to recognise cancer.
07:45The therapy trains Trevor's immune system to identify and attack cancer cells.
07:50So here is the liver. You can see that these black dots look abnormal.
07:55It's a treatment that doesn't work for everybody.
07:59Trevor's progress is gauged by routine scans of his tumours.
08:06The ones that are quite regular, like that one, to me, that looks like a cyst.
08:10So that's nothing to worry about.
08:12But the ones with the sort of irregular edges, like that one, look more like the cancer deposits.
08:18And that's exactly what was reported.
08:20They were growing before you started the study.
08:22They were, you know, at least two and a half centimetres.
08:25And now they're kind of just static.
08:27And the question is, are there any active tumour cells in those deposits?
08:32So what we would like to do now is arrange a PET scan
08:35and use that scan to measure the amount of activity going on in those liver deposits
08:40to see whether there's any active cancer there.
08:43I'm sensible enough to think that the chances of it going away completely, I think, are slim.
08:52But, you know, you live in hope.
08:54Well, I mean...
08:54You know, for the best result.
08:55That's right.
08:56I mean, with the immunotherapy studies they've done so far, about half of the people respond well.
09:02And 20 years later, many of them still haven't got disease back.
09:06Yeah.
09:06So it could be that you will have a long remission.
09:09And one day one of us might say the word cure.
09:13Remission would just be nice, yes.
09:15Yeah.
09:16Yes.
09:17Let's go back to reality.
09:20Yeah, well...
09:21Yeah, it is, yeah.
09:22But, well, we'll see.
09:23We'll see.
09:24Who knows?
09:30Before immunotherapy, we didn't really understand the full power that the immune system has against cancer.
09:38But this has completely transformed it for us because it's enabled us now to realise
09:42that we might be able to harness that very, very powerful immune response at a cancer before it starts
09:49rather than waiting until it has started.
09:58By 2040, the number of new cancer cases each year in the UK is expected to rise to over half a million.
10:07Hi.
10:07Hello.
10:08Hello.
10:08Nice to see you, Peter.
10:09How are you?
10:10I'm doing OK, thank you.
10:11You're doing all right?
10:12Considering.
10:12On the ward where Sarah works, 150 people regularly come to take part in the clinical trials.
10:21I'm a clinician-scientist, which means that I'm half a practising doctor, an oncologist,
10:27who looks after cancer patients, and the other half, I'm a scientist, so I do research on cancer.
10:32Oncology, you're dealing with the day-to-day reality of cancer and all its frustrations.
10:41When you know what cancer does, when you know how long it takes, sometimes decades, to develop
10:48in our bodies, when you know those various steps it goes through before it becomes cancer,
10:55and that there is such a long window that we are currently not intervening, it feels to
11:00me morally wrong not to go and explore that further and actually do something to stop it
11:08much earlier.
11:11I would feel very dissatisfied if I wasn't doing this right now, because I really feel
11:17like I want to make some small amount of difference.
11:23I have a big idea, which is building on our knowledge from immunotherapy, to really design
11:31a series of vaccines against specific cancers, but then to pull them all into a single vaccine
11:38that you would give to everyone to protect them from cancer.
11:42I will demonstrate with fruit.
11:46Okay, imagine that this is a normal cell, okay?
11:50And normal cells communicate with our immune system via a flag system.
11:56And basically, these are just a string of proteins or amino acids, and the immune cell comes past,
12:02sees it, and it says, everything's fine, and it carries on.
12:04When the normal cell is unwell, or anything abnormal happens in the cell, it then changes
12:10a signal and signals something abnormal.
12:12And the immune cells come past and they just basically recognise, okay, this isn't right.
12:16It binds to the cell and it destroys that abnormal cell.
12:20And this is a really important way that our cells remain healthy in our bodies.
12:24What we know about cancer cells is that they also have very abnormal signals.
12:31But, unfortunately, we're not very good at eradicating cancers from our bodies.
12:36Effectively, what happens is the cancer cell evades the immune system with a kind of cloak of invisibility.
12:42So that means that although they are flagging some abnormal proteins on the cell surface,
12:47the immune cells can't recognise this.
12:49And this enables the cell to grow and grow and become a really nasty, established, invasive cancer.
12:59Somewhere in the trajectory between a normal cell becoming a cancerous cell,
13:03it goes through a pre-cancer stage, and we know now that that takes about ten years.
13:10I liken it to a sort of cocoon and moth.
13:13You know, the cocoon stage is the pre-cancer stage,
13:17and it's a stage that can take about a decade before the moth or the cancer actually occurs.
13:25So it's perfectly possible that you or I have a cancer already developing in our bodies
13:31that will not be diagnosed probably for another decade.
13:36And during that stage, again, the cell is signalling to the immune system
13:40that it's not well, that it's not right.
13:43But it hasn't acquired this cloak of invisibility.
13:47And most times, our immune cells are very good at eradicating,
13:51recognising this is abnormal, and eradicating these pre-cancers.
13:54And this is probably what happens in our bodies all the time,
13:57so we're probably constantly eradicating pre-cancer.
14:00But some of these cells are breaking through, and they are escaping the immune system.
14:05And that's probably how cancers start in the first place.
14:09So what we're doing with the vaccines is we're basically teaching the immune system
14:14to better recognise those early changes here,
14:17to prevent this from then becoming a cancer.
14:21We have this sort of ticking time bomb within us.
14:28I feel a real sense of urgency because I think that we have a once in a generation opportunity
14:34to bring together the technologies and the research that's being conducted.
14:39This is an opportunity that can't wait.
14:41The opportunity is now.
14:51Hello, Julie.
15:03Hi.
15:04My name's Professor Blagdon.
15:06In Oxford, oncologist Sarah Blagdon is on a mission to create a vaccine against cancer
15:12that is the first of its kind in the world.
15:15You're having your transfusion today.
15:17Yes, I am.
15:18How are you feeling? You must be exhausted.
15:20I am very exhausted.
15:21Yeah.
15:22I'm going to bed in the afternoons for sleep.
15:25What we call cancer is at the end of a very long disease process that's taken place in our bodies.
15:31And at this point in time, that process is too often being allowed to happen
15:36without any intervention whatsoever.
15:43Sarah leads a research group at the University of Oxford to develop the vaccine.
15:49In the last 50 years, research has helped double cancer survival.
15:53But it's not all good news.
15:55We know that the incidence of cancer is growing year on year.
15:59Cancer is on the rise and we need to do something about it soon.
16:03Our destination is ultimately to protect everyone against cancer.
16:14But you have to start somewhere.
16:16And lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the UK.
16:21There are almost 50,000 cases of lung cancer diagnosed every year.
16:28With the lung cancer vaccine, we have taken and modified a virus and loaded it with genetic instructions.
16:35And these instructions are teaching our immune cells to recognize early changes that happen in the lungs as they transition towards cancer.
16:46So what we're doing is we are teaching your immune cells, we're priming them to recognize and destroy pre-cancerous cells as soon as they start to develop.
16:57And these cells are then able to pass that knowledge around to more and more immune cells, which can then patrol the lung and other tissues for any cells that are starting to transition towards cancer.
17:12Zinaida is a post-doctoral researcher leading the pre-clinical lab testing of the vaccine.
17:23My job is to test that we can actually train immune system to see and attack cancer cells.
17:32So we need to show that the vaccine can do a job so we can take it into a clinical trial.
17:37When I first came up with this idea, I felt too embarrassed to say it in public because it just seemed ludicrously optimistic.
17:49But actually we're starting to think maybe it isn't such a mad idea.
17:54I often walk to get, you know, a drink or food and then you see patients who have exhausted all of their treatment options.
18:02Of course, you want to do something that is going to help them have better quality of life.
18:08So from that point of view, it keeps you going. But there is also that stress. How fast can I get there?
18:15Zinaida will present the results to Sarah when the tests are complete.
18:19It's really important to show that the vaccine works in cells before we take it into people. If it can't, then we've designed it wrong.
18:32It's really good.
18:34That's it.
18:35It's really good.
18:39Just coming.
18:42Hello, Dan.
18:46Hello.
18:48Hi.
18:50I wanted to be a doctor since I was about six.
18:52So I want to see this trunk.
18:54Oh, yes, right.
18:56I mean, I did have a phase of wanting to be a ballet dancer.
18:58answer okay oh my god it's massive I think it's a little bit too physically
19:03lazy for that I remember at one point I had an insect hospital and I've had
19:10little beds for injured insects Wow it's like a treasure trove yes I don't know I
19:17suppose I probably wanted to heal them
19:21hey look at this dad's metal right you want to keep that mom
19:28I think I was quite serious actually as a kid we were an army family and we moved
19:33around a lot and we would be expected to kind of behave and turn up at things and
19:39you know curry lunches and parades and all that sort of stuff that army brats have
19:44to do what is this that's a landmine obviously it's not live no my father
19:51cleared minefields out in war-torn places around the world oh there's dad
19:57yeah I think his frustration was its impact on civilians you know people who
20:05had no intention of getting drawn into a war and ten years later might be walking
20:09a field and then suddenly a landmine going off
20:12do you remember I was doing my pathology exam and I was totally stressed and daddy was working for the UN at that point and he was
20:24about to go and clear some mines I rang him and said I'm really terrified I've got this
20:28exam I've decided I'm not going to sit here I'm going to back out because I can't do it I'm too stressed and
20:32dad said Sarah one of us is going to do an exam tomorrow and one of us is going to a minefield
20:40which one would you prefer to be
20:41he genuinely wanted the world to be a better place he was a problem solver
20:52and I do think about him quite a lot because my work now is sort of similar
20:59the pre-cancer within us is a bit like that unexploded mine
21:04it's a funny parallel really I think for both it is about prevention
21:11today is really odd
21:24I don't like the sun anyway but I think you're possibly a bit conscious of me because of my cancer
21:31but yeah if it's really bright sunshine I do for a baseball hat on or something whether it's
21:38you know closing the door after the horse has bolted I don't know but
21:42Trevor is coming to the Churchill hospital for a scan that will show how active the cancer cells are
21:49in his tumours after two years of immunotherapy
21:52there's a bit of curiosity I think the main thing is where the treatment goes from this point forward
22:04we would love to go to Australia and New Zealand because my wife has relatives out there and her
22:12brothers in New Zealand and we was sort of in the process of sorting that out when I got my cancer
22:19diagnosed so it's all gone on the backburner
22:23but I don't see the point of thinking too far ahead
22:26I fully expect there to still be activity there
22:30because cancer is cancer isn't it nobody thinks you've got to be cured 100%
22:36today Sarah will hear the results of pre-clinical testing on her lung cancer vaccine
22:51if we're able to trigger an immune reaction it would be a really encouraging sign that we were
22:58on to something
23:03hello
23:05how much do I want it I mean it matters more than anything
23:09well I think without much ado Zee do you want to we're very much looking forward to hearing the results of your pre-clinical testing
23:19so I've tested the efficacy and I know if I take it during the prime response
23:26I get very good efficacy of the vaccine
23:32here you can see the green cells suggesting that the vaccine can be taken by immune cells directly
23:38but I think it's really important to actually do the actual clinical trial
23:43to see if what I'm seeing actually represents what we will see in patients
23:48well done
23:50very good
23:52that's very exciting
23:53the next step is for us to put together a trial package to the MHRA
23:57and they would like to see some efficacy data
24:00then they'll give us a clinical trial authorization a CTA
24:03and then we can go ahead with you know getting the study up and running
24:08so we need to get on with it and get the funding
24:11it's the next challenge
24:12I hope I'm going to get funding but actually we haven't so far
24:19well I just put in another application to some funders
24:25this is the third time and I'm waiting to hear whether or not we've been successful
24:28so the next few weeks are going to be a little bit stressful
24:31science is always like this unfortunately
24:34yeah you have to there's no guarantee of funding you've got to just keep on going
24:39the success of the vaccine depends on something crucial
24:52understanding the earliest stages of cancer's development
24:56another area of Sarah's research looks for key insight about how tumours start
25:03the Millie study is focused on people with a condition called Lee-Fraumeni syndrome
25:08most have inherited a mutation in one of their genes
25:13that means that they have a 90% risk of developing cancer
25:18and so we're sort of testing an intervention in that group
25:23this study is very important for us because it teaches us about how cancer starts
25:29it will help us design interventions like vaccines that we can then give to communities
25:35such as people at high cancer risk like those with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome
25:40but can also be used in a sort of broader context to protect the general population against cancer in the future
25:49200 people with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome are being recruited to the study
25:54one of them hoping to join is Ella
25:57when I was nine months old I wasn't eating I was crying all the time
26:02and my mum just couldn't work out what was wrong with me
26:08and the doctors told my mum that she was just being a first time mum
26:11she was just worrying
26:14but my mum was so persistent that eventually I had an ultrasound scan
26:19and it was filled a tennis ball sized tumour on my adrenal glands
26:24this is the scar I've had since I was nine months old
26:27just because of the size of it and because of how small I was
26:31they had to make a very large incision
26:36I was literally cut in half and as I got older and I've grown the scar has just grown with my body
26:43when I was a teenager I always wished I didn't have it and wondered what I'd look like without it
26:48obviously young girls wear prop tops and when I got my belly button pierced I thought it would look nice
26:54but obviously I look different to everyone else
26:57but I'm used to it now it's a representation of what my body's been through and how strong it is
27:03I've had this my whole life and it's the only way I've ever known my body to look
27:06somebody with Lee Fraumini is at risk of cancer at any time in their life and many will have their first cancer diagnosis before the age of 30
27:20and then will continue to have cancer diagnoses all the way through their life
27:25and you're in a constant state of vigilance really frightened that any day now you might get your next cancer
27:31when I got diagnosed with breast cancer I had six rounds of chemotherapy and there was then a discussion whether I should have radiotherapy or not
27:42I had the double mastectomy in December 2022 and I had my nipples removed in April 2024
27:50and the mastectomy scar goes all the way under from here to here and then down the front here
28:01a lot of patients with Lee Fraumini syndrome have been told that it's basically a death sentence and you are just awaiting for cancer at any given moment
28:21hope is everything if you don't have hope then what are you fighting for hope is what keeps me going everyday I wake up and I think that today is a fresh start
28:29a day to try something new I guess
28:33when you think about designing a prevention trial you need to show that your intervention is working
28:39and that is hard it's really hard
28:42you're waiting for a lack of cancer
28:49hello
28:50hi
28:51hi Ella
28:52thank you very much for coming
28:53thank you
28:54come on in
28:55I've had all these surgeries and they've not even been for preventative measures
28:58they say
28:59have a preventative mastectomy
29:01have a preventative hysterectomy
29:03I've not had any preventative procedures yet
29:05I've still had five major surgeries
29:08so it's not about just taking bits out of my body
29:11it's about what we can do to stop having any surgeries at all
29:15to stop the cancers from ever happening
29:17right now
29:20I don't think my body can take any more
29:23at Oxford's Churchill Hospital Professor Sarah Blagdon is recruiting participants for a trial
29:32which may give clues about how cancer starts
29:36Ella has Lee-Fraumeni syndrome
29:51a G mutation that raises her risk of developing the disease
29:55the Lee-Fraumeni community was very underserved
30:00and they have an aberrantly high risk of cancer
30:07so they don't follow the same trajectory as normal cancers
30:13and they can't have certain treatments that others can have
30:16and that just seems wrong
30:18you know
30:19why are we allowing such a high risk community
30:22to have, you know, not test anything in them
30:25why are we letting that happen
30:27what Sarah learns from this study will help to design new vaccines to prevent cancer
30:32not only in people like Ella
30:34but also the rest of the population
30:37we know that Lee-Fraumeni is caused by a mutation in the p53 gene
30:43if you imagine your cells as a kind of factory
30:46p53 is like the safety manager
30:48if anything happens that's abnormal in the cell
30:51the role of p53 is to stop everything
30:55pause everything, correct whatever's going wrong
30:58and then allow the cell to start up again
31:01if it's a situation where
31:04whatever's going on in the cell
31:06isn't repairable
31:08then p53's job is to get rid of the cell altogether
31:12if you have a mutation in p53
31:15the risk of cancer goes up
31:17so there was some research carried out in the states
31:20trying to understand exactly what happens in the cells of someone with LFS
31:25and one area that keeps coming up is the mitochondria
31:30our mitochondria are tiny structures within our cells
31:36that are like miniature boilers
31:38they convert our food into energy
31:41which then really powers our entire body
31:44and in people with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome
31:49mitochondria are thought to be overactive
31:52and a byproduct of that is that the cells become damaged as the boiler itself is damaged
31:58making them much more prone to cancer
32:01studies have shown that an existing diabetes drug called metformin
32:06works by turning down that boiler
32:09and therefore protecting the cells from becoming damaged
32:13and this we hope will prevent cancer from starting
32:17and from that I want to start thinking about developing
32:22a more targeted drug instead of metformin
32:25or that could be used in addition to metformin
32:27and after the study how long until a drug is developed
32:32that can mean LFS patients have access to it
32:36yeah I mean it depends what we find
32:38it could be that there is an agent that's already out there
32:40that we can repurpose
32:42or we could for example develop something bespoke like a vaccine
32:46that you could give
32:47and you know we can turn that around fairly quickly with today's technologies
32:51so hopefully within my young lifetime
32:55I'm hoping
33:00the information we get from that study is relevant for people beyond that heightened risk population
33:07it's to me thank you so much
33:09because this gene also misbehaves in other cancers as well
33:14and actually makes them much more aggressive
33:17so it's really helpful for us to understand how and why that happens
33:22I think when you see someone like Ella
33:25having to sort of have these very serious thoughts and conversations with doctors
33:31about her chance of going just through to the next year without cancer
33:36and having to sort of think about that every day
33:38it's very humbling and it's also very shocking
33:42and it just it surprises me that more hasn't been done in the past to help that community
33:48and from that community we'll find the answers that will be important for everyone else
33:53so it makes total sense to work in that group and try and help them
33:57I do really think that
34:00I just cannot imagine abandoning them at this point
34:12around 130 people in the UK are diagnosed with lung cancer every day
34:24Sarah has an idea under consideration to trial the world's first vaccine to prevent it
34:30it's great to have the idea but it's actually seeing it through that's that that's the painful bit and
34:37we still don't know that we've actually got funding
34:40which feels very scary
34:43Sarah recently had a funding application refused
34:48I just felt completely traumatized about it
34:52I feel like there is this kind of meteorite that's landing on earth every day
34:58that's killing people and I feel like we've just watched it fall
35:02yeah I just felt beside myself I just thought I cannot I cannot let this happen
35:08I mean funding is vitally important yeah because without that we can't pay people to do the research
35:17we can't buy the equipment that we need we can't pay to do the analysis we need to do
35:22we can't manufacture a vaccine we can't fund a clinical trial
35:26I think if we don't get funding then I think the momentum would be lost
35:32we are desperate to get the study going so that one day in the future everybody can get the vaccine
35:41my free your tree yeah I used to sit up there for hours on end just watching everything
35:55cancer's not only a professional challenge but it's also a personal one
36:01mum was recently diagnosed with breast cancer but fortunately quite an early stage
36:08okay so what are you taking let's have a look
36:13I'm taking those but I have different ones for morning and different ones for evening
36:17so those are your blood thinning agents
36:20I think to some extent it does give you a different perspective when you're kind of on the other side
36:26this one's got to be taken one to be taken each day so I think that's the breast cancer tablet
36:34oh right actually seeing somebody at home on their own really trying to understand which of their medicines
36:41they need to take it does cast it in a different light
36:45so what's the plan well I think it's the 16th you're having the operation in the afternoon yeah to something rather
36:52I think it's in my diary so I'm going to come and join you right so you're having day surgery and they're going to take out the
36:57the nodule yes
37:02she's widowed I think it would be horrible time to get you know to get a really advanced cancer
37:08I think it would be really hard
37:15four weeks ago Sarah submitted her latest funding application for the lung cancer vaccine
37:20we really want to make sure that we're describing the project describing the overall our overall ambition to
37:35hold oh hey I've just got the I've just got the let me have look I think this is the email the funding
37:41okay it is
37:46ah
37:47okay
37:48right
37:50please see the attached feedback from your recent submission
37:54your application for the above study was recently considered
37:58and I'm pleased to inform you
38:00that it was recommended
38:02for support
38:04actually that's an Ida hold on
38:16Zee
38:17hi
38:18hi
38:19it's Zee
38:21Zee just quickly to tell you we got the official funding letter we are we have been funded so congratulations
38:27oh well done thank you
38:29well done you
38:30I'll speak to you later
38:31okay bye
38:32okay bye
38:33bye
38:35oh my god
38:37I can't believe it that is such
38:39that's massive
38:45it's a green light we know that we can actually start designing the study and if we show that it's beneficial then
38:51the sky's the limit we can we can just keep designing you know using similar approaches to prevent other cancers I mean I've this is a really important I think this is a really important kind of pivot point in what we're doing
39:21when Trevor's skin cancer spread to his liver in 2022 he was given just 12 months to live
39:36today he's at churchill hospital in oxford for the results of a scan that will show just how active his tumours are
39:42good afternoon you and again how are you doing
39:47how are you
39:48all right
39:49you're doing 17
39:5017 okay lovely thank you very much
39:55fair to say I know my way around you know
39:58you get to know everybody
40:00and I see a lot of staff come and go
40:03a lot of patients come and go as well
40:06fortunately in some cases unfortunate in other cases
40:09we are about to see Trevor and he has been on our study where he's had immunotherapy in combination with a targeted drug for two years
40:22he's got metastatic melanoma and so he has got about 10 deposits of cancer in his liver
40:29so a couple of weeks ago he had a PET scan and my question was are we still measuring active disease or is this just the remnants the remains of where his cancer was
40:42positive result will be all the cancers dead and inactive but realistically I'm not expecting that we're waiting to see we're waiting to see it is
40:50I'm not jumping the gun and looking ahead
40:57a major part of the job of an oncologist is giving results to our patients
41:03I think sometimes you can just see someone is just desperate just to know and be told things very clearly
41:09and you don't want to extend their misery and you don't want to drag it out
41:18Knock knock
41:20Hello
41:21Hello
41:22Hi
41:23Afternoon
41:24Right I'm just bringing this trolley in
41:25Yeah
41:26Hope you don't mind
41:27It's my imaging station
41:28No, it would be a good idea
41:30Great, okay
41:31So the reason we did the PET scan was to see whether there was any active tumour cells in there and
41:38Your scan
41:41Shows no active disease
41:43Wasn't nothing
41:44That's right each lesion is clear
41:51Yeah, sorry
41:56Yes
42:01No, don't worry
42:02No, don't worry
42:16Yes, yes
42:18Shocked
42:20Obviously, I wouldn't
42:25No, my wildest dreams I would have expected that
42:28Not at all
42:29There was an intake of breath at the meeting this morning about it
42:33Really?
42:34Yeah, so that means that we can stop the treatment
42:39Well, yes, yes
42:44So I can just go home and that's it then
42:47So you can go home and have your life back
42:49Yeah, maybe we can organise our trip to Australia now
42:51Yeah
42:53So you can safely say you're in remission
42:55Obviously, we don't want to say the word cure because we don't really know
42:59No, no, I understand that
43:01But I think, you know, this is as good or better than we could ever have expected
43:06Lovely, thank you very much for that
43:08With the junior
43:10Yeah
43:11When a patient like Trevor demonstrates that a treatment is working, it is so powerful because he's demonstrated that people with this disease have the potential to benefit from the treatment
43:25And that opens so many doors for other patients with the same condition
43:29It's a bit of a hit when you're told you've got cancer and you could have, you know, 12 months to live
43:36So, you know, that's always in the back of your mind even though you're feeling great and whatever
43:41So it would be really nice now that I can forget about that
43:44Oh, I spent some hours sat in this seat
43:48Having treatment
43:50I said, oh, I can move on
43:54And enjoy life
43:56And enjoy retirement
43:58I've just been giving the all clear
44:00Oh my God, Trevor
44:02Thank you very much
44:04Yes, thank you
44:05Probably never be back, that's good
44:07No
44:08That's really lovely news
44:20It's three years since Sarah first had the idea for her lung cancer vaccine
44:25And so today is an important step towards finally delivering it to the public
44:29I think to be able to see and hold the vaccine for me will be a very pivotal moment in my career
44:41Hello
44:43And to actually have tangible evidence that we can deliver something is going to be extraordinary
44:51Wow
44:53This is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine
44:57I can't quite believe it
45:00It's like my third baby
45:04Well, I just hope that we can get this out as quickly as possible to benefit as many people as possible
45:13Not just in the UK, but around the world
45:15I mean, this could be the way that cancer is prevented
45:18I mean, this could be the way that cancer is prevented
45:48So it's been the way that cancer is affected
45:49It's very important, right?
45:51So you've been wanting to make a disease
45:56I know the disease in the UK
45:58Why are you talking about cancer?
45:59What am I doing?
46:00So you're going to make a disease that's immune to cancer?
46:02What you think needs to be the disease?
46:04So you're going to be the disease of this patient
46:07And what you think is the disease that can be suffered
46:08You've been able to cure the disease for a disease
46:11And then we can get rid of this disease
46:13It's like the disease that can be said
46:14Transcription by CastingWords
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