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00:00Steel, a material which has accompanied humankind for centuries.
00:06The first traces of iron processing go back to the 11th century BC.
00:11Steel, as we know it now, has been manufactured since the 19th century.
00:15Currently, the global production of steel is 1.5 billion tons annually.
00:21If we can imagine the volume of steel produced as 365 days a year,
00:26the Slovak production would account for just one day.
00:29Steel production equates to approximately 21% of gross domestic product of the country.
00:34Steel is 100% recyclable, therefore one of the most environmentally friendly materials.
00:40Man can encounter steel and steel products everywhere without even being aware of it.
00:45Steel can be manufactured using several technologies.
00:49This video will show you the production and processing of steel in one of Europe's leading companies,
00:55The pilgrimage of steel begins with the preparation of the basic input material, steel scrap.
01:07ZP Eco Quellet, one of our subsidiary companies, processes scrap cars and steel,
01:13which is collected from up to 46 locations.
01:21Separation begins at the Authorised Recycling Centre, SEDA,
01:25where technology liquids are drained from the cars and plastic, glass and non-ferrous materials are disposed of.
01:55The cars are crushed prior to going through a shredder,
02:02where non-ferrous metals and other impurities are removed.
02:05A reduced volume of clean scrap leaves the line and becomes a basic feedstock for melting in the arc furnace.
02:27Steel production here in Podbrosovo has a long tradition and also includes some historical firsts.
02:36For example, the first steel was produced here in 1851.
02:40The first Siemens Martin furnace in Slovakia was put into operation in 1879
02:45and the first Czechoslovak facility for continuous casting was introduced in 1961.
02:50At the heart of the mill is an electric arc furnace, which melts up to 60 tonnes of scrap per hour.
03:01The temperature during this process reaches 1620 degrees Celsius.
03:20the four of the mills are very steady as 40�rensınus at the level of the mill isạthl's peak.
03:25However its Woods has been deployed along with significant fire and grew up at 980,
03:28which is a three-and-appar bisa de vacate per hour.
03:30Inepsutely the last the mix that has been stored in October 715,
03:33the Presses restaurants and others.
03:36the outfitships are divided into the conditions of tarihs in the Unlessian's group.
03:38and the steelissä restaurants are very low and thousand.
03:41The但 nahiy Kadie was able to prepare Maria.
03:44Theżaża Castle units are very low and thin in the minutes and your feet are abandoned,
03:47Liquid steel is then cast to a ladle. During the tapping, deoxidation takes place and this is when additives are added for the primary alloying.
03:59The ladle is transported to the ladle furnace where additional alloying elements are added which is required to achieve the desired quality.
04:17For more information, visit www.fema.gov.au
04:47The molten steel is continuously cast on the facilities which allows the blooms to be manufactured with a square or circular cross section.
04:59After cutting, marking and cooling the final quality control takes place prior to the blooms transfer to the tube rolling mill.
05:10With an annual production of 370,000 tonnes, the steel blooms, if placed end to end, could form a continuous line from Poprasova to Brussels.
05:21Poprasova was the first tube rolling mill in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with the first rolled tube being manufactured in 1883.
05:30Technology and production of tubes over the years has been modernised and made more efficient.
05:37In the tube rolling mill, steel blooms lose their original shape. A bloom of 200mm cross section, for example, is reduced to a tube with an area of 160 times smaller.
05:52Steel blocks are cut to the desired length by cutting with hydraulic shears or sawing with a slitting saw.
05:59Such formed blocks with a length of approximately 1 metre need to be heated up to the rolling temperature.
06:06After heating in the rotary furnace, they are formed into circular moulds on the piercing press.
06:32The mould then goes on a mandrel rod through an elongator and processing mill.
06:37This process increases its length by approximately 20 times from its original form.
07:02After milling and removal of mandrel rods, the semi-produced product is rolled in the drawing reduction mill.
07:08Here, the tubes reach the desired dimension, whereby the length of each tube can be as much as 90 metres.
07:15Every year, more than 1 million tubes are manufactured here via this method.
07:20Rolled tubes are, after cooling, cut to the requested length.
07:25This is followed by quality control. Cutting to the final length, the burrs are smooth at the ends and this is where labelling, packaging and other operations are finalised as specified by the customer.
07:38The daily production is about 25 truckloads of tubes. Part of the production is shipped to customers and part is transported for further processing to the tube drawing mill.
07:48Here, the rolled tubes are hot-swaged by drop-forging to form a grabbing part.
08:13After which they are placed into hydraulic acid, which removes surface dirt and scale.
08:18Priming phosphate and a soap layer serve to reduce the resistance of the material during forming.
08:24By cold forming on the linear drawing benches, using a dye plate or mandrel, this changes the dimension of the original tube.
08:33For example, to achieve the smallest diameter of 3 millimetres, it is necessary to draw the original pipe with a diameter of 32 millimetres up to 9 times.
08:42The device during this process develops a pulling force equivalent to that of 10 railway locomotives.
09:01In such high loads, deformation and crystalline lattice occurs in the material, as the tubes are less rigid and fragile.
09:09To restore the required mechanical properties, annealing in the continuous annealing furnace in a protective atmosphere is required.
09:17After heat treatment follows either another processing cycle or finalisation.
09:23Finalisation consists of several manufacturing operations.
09:27Straightening ensures the required flatness of tubes.
09:30Non-destructive testing discards tubes with intrinsic defaults.
09:35The tube cutting gives them the desired length, while a visual inspection verifies the dimensions and outside appearance of the tubes.
09:49Finally, the tubes are packed into bundles and shipped to the customer.
10:03Galvanised tubes are designed for hydraulic and pneumatic pressure distribution, and they form a significant proportion of the total amount of manufactured precision tubes.
10:13By galvanising, the tubes receive their properties of a premium product.
10:18Zinc coating, for example, provides an electrochemical barrier between the steel surface, the external environment prevents corrosion, and not least improves the aesthetic appearance of the product.
10:32Zinc is cold applied on the surface electrolytically.
10:39Electrolytically, we are talking about galvanised zinc plating on the continuous double twine line.
10:53The surface doesn't only consist of one layer.
10:55Over the zinc covered surface, a layer of chromium is applied.
10:59The parachute gets destroyed.
11:00Th tariff皇andist
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11:02But....
11:03the first landing
11:05The movement is correct
11:10surveys
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11:22Into
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11:25When
11:26Logic
11:27Production of precision drawn tubes and tubular profiles of carbon or low alloy steel also takes place in our subsidiary companies Transmessa and TAP.
11:41The starting stock here is also the entry rod produced at Jalaziana Poplazova AS.
11:47Production in the Spanish companies uses the process of continuous drawing on the linear as well as drum push benches.
11:54A specific feature of this technology is that the precision steel tubes with a diameter of up to 16mm can be supplied in coils.
12:03Coil tube length can reach up to 560m.
12:08The company has a computerised finishing warehouse which provides additional insulation by using polyolefin surface protection and together provide production of electrolytically galvanised tubes.
12:24Coil tube fittings are made of rolled tubes by hot forming.
12:38The elbows and reducers thus complete the assortment of the tubes.
12:42Coil tubes with higher level finalisation and mainly used in the automotive industry are processed by modern technological equipment.
12:55Here they are sawn, cut, deburred and bent according to the customer specifications.
13:01O mangeravatam
13:03Coil tube
13:04festa
13:05Feather
13:06Activate
13:06infused
13:06Feather
13:07See
13:08ve berm
13:13Feather
13:13Feathers
13:14Be
13:24Feather
13:24Feather
13:25Feather
13:25Jaste
13:25Feather
13:26Feather
13:26Feather
13:27Feather
13:27Feather
13:28Feather
13:28Feather
13:29Feather
13:29Feather
13:30first glance a simple product where you are able to see how many operations this
13:36product goes through, how many times it is heated, cooled, formed and cut until it
13:43serves its purpose. Before gas or oil begins to flow through the
13:47tubes, before you turn on the water, before they
13:51become part of your vehicles, before heat goes through and before they are used in
13:56many different designs, you have been a witness of this process. At the end of
14:03this process is you, we are the company, our backbone is made of steel.
14:26Thank you for listening!
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