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00:00What would happen if every human being on Earth disappeared?
00:09This isn't the story of how we might vanish.
00:15It's the story of what happens to the world we leave behind.
00:20Now, on Life After People, what happens when nature is left unchecked?
00:29Animals once protected by humans are attacked by a deadly pandemic.
00:40Others break out and run wild.
00:44Stealthy enemies are on the march, attacking cities around the world,
00:51like this one in the heart of the United States.
00:56When nature attacks, the bigger things are, the harder they fall.
01:04Welcome to Earth, population zero.
01:10One day after people, those responsible for keeping the forces of nature under control have vanished.
01:21Nature, long contained, is poised for an outbreak of violence and violence.
01:25and chaos, disease and disaster.
01:32In Chicago, there is no one to maintain the baseball stadium.
01:38Its ultimate opponent is already embedded in the outer wall.
01:53There's no one to maintain the Sears Tower or the John Hancock Center,
02:08now standing like giant tombstones.
02:12And no one to manage the Chicago River, one of the most heavily engineered waterways in the world.
02:23As each day passes, nature begins taking over.
02:27Three days after people.
02:43A rainstorm hits Chicago.
02:47In the time of humans, such a deluge would have been unremarkable.
02:54The Chicago River should flow into Lake Michigan, a massive body of water bordering the city.
03:00But in 1900, man turned on nature.
03:06The river's flow was reversed to prevent pollution of Chicago's drinking water,
03:10leaving man in firm control of water levels
03:13and employing engineering techniques that were later used in building the Panama Canal.
03:22In the time of humans, whenever it rained,
03:24river engineers managed the canal locks and sluice gates
03:27to divert the current away from the lake.
03:30But now, after more than a century, the river takes its revenge.
03:40In a life without people,
03:43we wouldn't be able to anticipate such an event in open gates
03:47to manipulate the water levels.
03:50The entire river system would fill up gradually, just like water in a bathtub.
03:55Initially, it would flood low areas in downtown Chicago
03:58and the basements of buildings along the river.
04:04Soon, the high river levels begin surging south along the man-made channels
04:08towards the gates of the controlling works 35 miles downstream.
04:15The 109-year-old complex controls the drainage of the Chicago River.
04:19But that's all about to change.
04:22The cascade of water dropping on the downstream side would erode the piers holding the gates up.
04:35The days when man controlled this river are over.
04:40There's about 10 to 20 billion gallons of water behind these gates.
04:45And when that structure collapses, that wall of water would send a torrent down the Des Plaines River
04:52to the city of Joliet, where it would overtop the river walls and flood the center city.
04:58Just days after people, entire towns in America's Midwest are wiped out by raging water.
05:08In London, time has run out for Big Ben.
05:20The clock behind me has been working continuously for 150 years now.
05:25And that's taken it through extremes of weather, storms, the London Blitz during the Second World War.
05:40In the time of humans, the clock had to be wound three times a week,
05:44a task that took two royal clock mechanics several hours to complete with the aid of an electric motor.
05:50If there are no people around, within a matter of days, the clock will stop working for the first time in 150 years,
06:00and the chimes will stop chiming.
06:07The clock stops, but the tower remains, at least for now.
06:12Due to a construction quirk, it has always leaned 8.6 inches to the northwest.
06:17A lean that will get worse over time.
06:29Two weeks after people.
06:33In the grounds of the abandoned Buckingham Palace, the Queen's Corgis haven't noticed that the chimes are no longer ringing.
06:39In the time of humans, up to five were her regular companions.
06:45Now that the Queen and her courtiers are gone, the Corgis are all alone in what has become an ornate 775-room prison.
06:57The palace's 78 bathrooms provide a life-saving water source.
07:16Although these canines have short legs, they reach the toilet water with the aid of their long bodies,
07:20allowing them to stretch and jump as high as four feet.
07:28Desperate for food, the Corgis find their way to the royal kitchen in the basement.
07:32A maze of rooms with food stocks that can last for a few months.
07:36After that, the future of the Corgis will become much more uncertain.
07:56One month into a life after people.
07:58Outside Atlanta, an outbreak of kudzu is starting to spread.
08:08The vine was brought to the United States in 1876 from Japan for farmers to feed their animals and for erosion control.
08:16It was a big mistake.
08:20It grows in bright sunlight and on fertile soils very rapidly.
08:24It can grow up to a foot a day, so you can have a 60-foot vine where you had nothing.
08:32Known as the vine that ate the south,
08:35kudzu has a vast root network that spreads more than 15 feet underground.
08:43In the time of humans, it required constant cutting by a 25-man maintenance team
08:48just to keep the roadways clear in Atlanta and the surrounding county.
08:51You have to keep going back and killing the above-ground portion of the plant until you've exhausted the energy reserves in the root system.
09:03And considering the size and the depth of those roots, it can be a very difficult job.
09:09With no known natural enemies in the region and no humans to contain it, kudzu starts wreaking havoc.
09:15The non-native species start strangling trees, climbing telephone poles and power lines, covering bridges and roadways and enveloping rural houses.
09:29It creates a situation that there is nothing growing there but the kudzu.
09:36And what you have is literally a dead spot in the environment.
09:39As kudzu thrives, livestock struggle.
09:4860 million pigs are confined in farms across North America.
09:54In the time of humans, they fed a demand for 23 kilos of pork per American every year.
10:00Every year.
10:02Now, they are starving.
10:06Pigs in captivity have even been known to resort to cannibalism.
10:09Two months after people, the pigs that have survived start panicking.
10:23The bigger beasts start pushing their way out of their pens.
10:27Others begin burrowing under sheds.
10:32Eventually, millions break out into the wild.
10:35Of all the domesticated livestock that I would put my money on in a world without people, probably the pig gets top prize.
10:49Pigs are omnivores.
10:52Basically, anything that you can eat, a pig can eat.
10:55They're also very intelligent and they're very good doers, meaning they can survive in a variety of conditions.
11:01After escaping their confines, the farmyard pigs start breeding with the four million feral swine that live primarily in California, Texas and Florida.
11:13The new pig hybrids become leaner, meaner and more mobile with larger tusks and more hair.
11:21Pigs will thrive, but many animals soon face a deadly virus.
11:31And in the cities, man's most majestic structures are helpless amid nature's growing onslaught.
11:37Three months after people.
11:52At Buckingham Palace, the Queen's Corgis have depleted the stores of food in the Royal Pantry and Kitchen,
11:57which originally stocked food for banquets of up to 600 people and daily meals for a palace staff of 400.
12:11The Corgis' only hope is to venture out into the city.
12:16Finding a way out of a building that has 775 rooms is only a matter of time.
12:21How will the pampered pooches survive?
12:32I think the popular image of the Corgi as a pampered pet incapable of moving by itself doesn't do it a good service.
12:41Corgis were originally bred as working dogs on Welsh farms to round up herds of sheep and cattle.
12:47This genetic trait will help them survive in the wild.
12:53As a working dog, the Corgi is able to move very well over broken country.
12:58They've got sharp teeth, they've got an efficient digestive system.
13:03So these are all traits that allow them to survive quite well, even in the absence of human protection.
13:11Still, they'd make a tasty snack for a bear or wolf.
13:14But the Queen's Corgis won't have to worry about that.
13:20Both of those large predators have been extinct in the British Isles for centuries.
13:27And there's another benefit to being a dog on the loose in a post-human Britain.
13:31Rabies was eradicated here in the early 20th century.
13:34In America, it's a different story.
13:40Pets lucky enough to escape their homes now face one of wildlife's most terrifying scourges.
13:48In the time of humans, more than 7,000 animals in America, about 90% of them wild, were annually infected with rabies.
13:56The virus strikes the nervous system and inflames the brain, causing an agonizing death.
14:09Every year, in population centers along the East Coast and in Texas and Arizona, oral bait vaccines were dropped by aircraft,
14:16in the hope of suppressing the disease in such feral animals as foxes, skunks, coyotes and raccoons.
14:26Without people to carry out the vaccination programs, an outbreak of the virus spirals by as much as 30% over the next several years.
14:33Among the infected are domestic cats and dogs that have ventured out and been bitten by the wild, rabid animals.
14:43They go through a hyper-aggressive, hyper-active, almost madness, we could call it, a fury,
14:49where you get that characteristic frothing of the saliva at the mouth.
14:53Some dogs that are infected with the rabies virus have been known to actually bite up to another 100 animals.
15:03One year after people.
15:10Plants are on the rise in the city of Chicago.
15:16At the stadium, the ivy is beginning to extend its green tendrils.
15:19The vines have flourished here since 1937 when they were planted to decorate and cover the outer wall.
15:37With no groundkeepers around to give them their monthly pruning, the ivy threatens to overrun the whole stadium.
15:43But there is one thing holding it back.
15:49Each vine can only grow to a maximum length of 50 feet in the Chicago climate.
15:56However, as the vines shed their leaves each winter, the organic material sticks into cracks in the brick and concrete.
16:02It decomposes into soil, which in turn provides a higher platform for new vines to sprout.
16:19Five years after people, the ivy has crawled up and blanketed the stands.
16:23It has taken root in the aging water, inserting moisture into cracks and breaking up walls.
16:36But the true victor in nature's race to reclaim the stadium isn't the ivy.
16:41On the pitch, buckthorn, a thick, dense shrub, is taking over.
16:47Brought from Europe in the mid-1800s, it's one of the Midwest's most threatening plant species.
16:57One of the ways that buckthorn is spread is that when birds eat the fruit of buckthorn,
17:03the fruit itself is sort of harsh on the intestines of the animals.
17:09It'll essentially have bird diarrhoea.
17:10And so the birds, after consuming a crop of buckthorn fruit, will fly away and very quickly disseminate the plant.
17:22In the time of humans, the groundskeepers had to mow the pitch regularly
17:26and treat the grass with chemicals to prevent any of the seeds from taking root.
17:29But with no maintenance staff around, dropped seeds from birds quickly fertilize on the pitch
17:41and begin sprouting a wild, woolly hedgerow that grows to ten feet tall.
17:50You won't be able to walk through it, never mind throw a ball in there.
17:54Ten years after people.
18:04In Chicago's city centre, the landmark 110-storey Sears Tower is slowly deteriorating.
18:14After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the city began rebuilding vertically, with new frames of steel.
18:20It was the dawn of the skyscraper.
18:26Now rainwater rots the Sears Tower's roof.
18:30Moisture seeps down into the structure and begins rusting the bolts holding the giant glass and aluminium panels on the exterior.
18:42Freezing wind, rain and snow off Lake Michigan violently batter the hulking structure.
18:48Some of the plates peel off the building and crash into the streets below.
19:03It's 30 years into a life after people.
19:06For a look into what the future may hold for lakefront cities like Chicago, we only have to look at what's happened to the city of Gary in Indiana.
19:20Though parts of the Midwest metropolis are alive and well, large areas have been abandoned.
19:35The city once had a thriving population of nearly 200,000 people.
19:39Then a slow unfolding disaster hit.
19:47Gary was founded in 1906 by U.S. Steel and was created as a company town for the industry.
19:56When the economy of U.S. Steel started to slide downward, the entire city just started to vacate and become abandoned.
20:07The city then became kind of known as the Pompeii of the Midwest.
20:11A city of ruins where you could walk down the street and there was no one here.
20:15It's just a city of decay.
20:17Like Chicago, Gary grew because it helped link the Great Lakes to the transcontinental railroad system.
20:32But now Lake Michigan is the source of its demise.
20:35The weather in Gary is extremely tough because we're very close to the lake which brings in a lot of humidity in the summer.
20:45And in the winter it also brings in a lot of freezing rain and snow.
20:49We have a tremendous amount of freeze-thaw cycles and it's not uncommon to get 30 or 40 freeze-thaw cycles a day in this city.
20:58And that literally just wreaks havoc on the buildings.
21:01The constant expansion and contraction of moisture in the city's structures due to extreme temperature fluctuations as much as 60 degrees in a day with freezing ice then melting water can fracture walls.
21:17Gary's railway station built in 1910 was a vital Midwestern hub for transporting steel freight and thousands of passengers.
21:38Hundreds of rail cars moved through here each day.
21:41Thirty years of untamed nature have taken their toll.
21:54Once the skylight shattered, the interior was opened to a deluge of water.
21:59Moisture rusted the structure's steel supports, weakened the masonry and caused parts of the roof to collapse.
22:06This building would have been able to have remained in good usable condition had someone simply put a new roof on it, just kind of maintained the windows or boarded it up.
22:24But without that, the building is just being ravished.
22:27Not far from the train station is the city's most notable church, once a place where people gathered for grand wedding ceremonies and solemn funerals.
22:40This is the Gary Methodist Church that was constructed in 1925 for the Gary community.
22:53It had a population of about 3,000 parishioners.
22:56After the decline of Gary, it dwindled to less than 200, so it ceased being a church in 1975.
23:13As people fled, the routine maintenance like painting, carpentry and plastering came to a standstill.
23:19Like the train station, water began collecting on the roof, rotting a hole in the ceiling.
23:30The hole in the roof got larger and larger, allowing more and more water in, more freezing, thawing, cracking.
23:37It has completely deteriorated all of the roof beams and the roof rafters above us.
23:47All of the plaster has deteriorated and is now on the floor.
23:52Without the protective covering of plaster, the exposed brick attracts moisture and develops moss.
23:59Once weakened, it breaks off and begins raining down on the main floor of the sanctuary.
24:07We've got a lot of mold growth that's evident on the bricks,
24:11and we're starting to see very small plants start to grow out of the bricks.
24:15So it's not long before those smaller plants turn into bigger plants that turn into trees
24:20that are going to deteriorate and damage the walls even further.
24:28After three decades of battering from high winds, blistering sun and freezing snow,
24:32the church is close to complete collapse.
24:38It's amazing that when you can walk into a sanctuary of this size and originally imagine that there were 3,000 people
24:45that used to come and pray here and worship here, and now you come in and the choir lofts are falling off the walls.
24:52If you wanted to imagine what it would be like with life without people, you couldn't imagine or find a place more evocative than this.
25:03You just wonder what God hath wrought.
25:06In the heart of the city sits the 3,000 seat palace theatre, one of the legendary old show halls of the Midwest.
25:20At its time in 1925, it was just a wonderful theatre.
25:28Obviously all of that is gone now.
25:32It's not going to last much longer.
25:36Small rodents and animals and dog packs have walked through this building and created two distinct paths,
25:44from the outside in and inside out.
25:46It's not unlike when you walk into the woods or a large prairie that you see paths that were created by animals.
25:56All the young men in Gary used to be proud to bring their dates here, but now only the cheap seats remain.
26:02The ruins of Gary provide a glimpse of life just 30 years after people.
26:13A harsh oracle for other large lakefront cities like Cleveland and Detroit.
26:17And 50 years after people, nature has a few other fiendish tricks to topple some of man's most impressive structures.
26:30It's 50 years into a life after people.
26:43The descendants of the Royal Corgis still prowl the suburbs of post-human London.
26:49But they aren't a breed the Queen would recognise.
26:51After several generations of interbreeding with other dogs, any traits indicating their royal lineage are long gone.
27:01In only five decades, the pampered pooches have evolved into a pack of wild hounds.
27:07In the southern United States, Kudzu is not only smothering the countryside, it's invading Atlanta and its city centre skyscrapers and commercial structures.
27:2350 years after people are gone, Kudzu could certainly cover the Coca-Cola building and most of the major buildings in downtown Atlanta provided that there was a starting point for them already there.
27:40And there is Kudzu in small abandoned lots in Atlanta.
27:44Kudzu would begin to creep out of those sites.
27:47After the Kudzu vines die in the winter, the plant sends out new vines in the spring that use the old dead vines as a platform from which to continue climbing.
28:02The deep underground root network stores vast amounts of nutrients, providing the plant with an inexhaustible amount of energy.
28:08There could be vines 100 feet up the building, up any building.
28:17It's quite capable of growing that fast and that far and holding on tightly.
28:22There is no physical barrier short of a water or a creek or a river that would stop the growth of Kudzu.
28:29So it would be the beginning phases of a green blanket covering parts of the south.
28:34Atlanta's premier sports stadium, the Georgia Dome, must fight an opponent it has never known.
28:45The weight of the vines alone on the roof of the structure would probably cause some collapse.
28:53They would cause the windows to break.
28:55It would certainly take off any awnings or shades or anything that was on the facade of the building.
28:59The outbreak of Kudzu sets the stage for an epic disaster.
29:08Even in the time of humans, Atlanta suffered from periodic droughts.
29:15Now, heaps of dried, brittle Kudzu carpet the city, creating a tinderbox.
29:20A thunderstorm moves in and lightning strikes.
29:31Just like it did during the Civil War, Atlanta is burning again.
29:36The spreading inferno lights up the sculpted faces of the Confederate Memorial on nearby Stone Mountain.
29:42In Chicago, after decades of wild growth, the stadium is almost unrecognizable.
29:56In the time of humans, the giant 85-foot-high wooden scoreboard was one of only two in a major stadium to be manually operated.
30:12But it's defenseless without humans to maintain it.
30:20Ivy repels up and over the scoreboard as it crumbles under a siege of termites.
30:26Down below, tangled thick nets of spongy buckthorn have grown to 20 feet high, blanketing the playing field.
30:44One hundred years into a life after people.
30:58The elevated L train in the center of Chicago has been disintegrating for decades.
31:03In 1892, the first section of the elevated railroad, the second oldest in America, began moving passengers around by locomotive above parts of the old streetcar loop that surrounded the city center.
31:20Now, paint is peeling off the steel girders holding up the platform, and rust is eating away at the exposed iron and steel.
31:37Bolts and rivets erode and crack, causing some of the supporting beams to fracture.
31:42As pieces start to fall, you would get distortion in the supporting members, and they would start to twist and fall and pull down other nearby members.
31:54So you start to have a domino effect as it starts to twist and fall, hitting the ground.
31:59In London, Big Ben is covered with vegetation. Its windows have blown out, and chunks of decorative stonework have chipped away.
32:20The top of the tower has always leaned 8.6 inches to the northwest.
32:26Over decades, with no humans to manage the water level in the Thames, the river continually floods the surrounding banks, slowly rotting Big Ben's foundations.
32:42After, say, a hundred years or so, the tilt within the tower will increase, and gradually the tower will become more and more unstable,
32:53until finally, gravity takes over, and the tower itself collapses into the ground.
32:59It's 200 years into a life after people.
33:20In Chicago, the Sears Tower is finally beginning to totter.
33:27Decades of ferocious weather have battered the landmark into a hollowed-out, honeycombed husk.
33:34The Sears Tower has 104 separate lifts, with multiple shafts ending at different levels of the building.
33:44Although the cables rust and snap, the lift's brakes continue to work.
33:51Eventually, they too corrode, and finally give way.
33:58You'll have these 104 elevators, at different times, of course, come down those shafts, blasting through the floors like a bomb, cutting through the building, and, of course, further dragging down the floors and the structure around them.
34:16Only two lifts connect the ground floor to the observation deck over a quarter of a mile above the street.
34:30One of the three-ton lift cabs free falls from the top floor, hitting the ground floor at more than 200 miles an hour, generating more than one and a half million pounds of force on impact.
34:45But that won't be enough to topple this huge structure.
34:53Nature will need one final sledgehammer.
34:56Two hundred years after people, the Sears Tower makes its final stand.
35:17What will break the building's back are the 114 pilings driven into the bedrock that hold up the structure.
35:23The real Achilles heel in the Sears Tower is you've got eight floors underground.
35:30And once you have a life without people, those floors are going to fill with water.
35:41Flooding from the Chicago River weakens the lower interior columns supporting the building, causing it to collapse.
35:49It could finally reach a point where it just simply falls all at one time.
36:06Into one just giant heaping mass of twisted metal and concrete and glass.
36:13Two hundred and fifty years after people.
36:30Though the Sears Tower collapsed decades earlier, Chicago's 100-story John Hancock Center is still standing.
36:37It owes its longevity to the unique criss-cross X-bracings of steel beams that lace the structure of the building, giving it extra fortification.
36:47But with all its windows blown out, and centuries of moisture corroding its steel framing, something must give.
37:01At the corner of the 85th floor, several crucial beams converge.
37:08One by one, they rust, bend and fracture from the stream of water dripping down from the perforated roof.
37:16At a critical nook, a final beam cracks and shears off.
37:23The 15 floors above it start a corner-line cascade down the side of the building that then sets off a catastrophic floor-by-floor implosion of the whole edifice.
37:35Three centuries after people, the rabies virus is struggling to survive.
37:56The disease requires dense animal populations in order to spread.
38:01As domestic animals die off, and wild animals disperse from the fringes of the human settlements where they once scavenged,
38:07the virus could infect little more than several thousand animals per year.
38:12The outbreak is over.
38:23Five thousand years after people, only eerie reminders of human history remain.
38:32Stone Mountain, just outside Atlanta, is the largest piece of exposed granite in the world.
38:37825 feet high and five miles in circumference.
38:49In the 1920s, the United Daughters of the Confederacy raised the money for work to begin on a massive sculpture of Southern Civil War heroes,
38:57Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, on the northern side of the rock.
39:04Granite is, without a doubt, one of the hardest, most competent rocks, you know, on the face of the earth.
39:11There's hardly a crack in the rock.
39:14After nearly 50 years and several sculptors, the work was completed in 1972.
39:23The finished carved tablet measured 90 by 190 feet.
39:39After five millennia, 90% of the carving remains completely intact.
39:44Just get the impression that this thing will be here forever.
39:54But most of what man has built won't be.
40:04The great cities of Chicago, Atlanta and London were founded and flourished because of their geographical proximity to the life-giving attributes of nature.
40:24Rivers, lakes, fertile soil.
40:31Now the silhouettes of these once thriving metropolises have vanished.
40:37The rubble left behind has been camouflaged beneath mounds covered in dense vegetation and is swarming with wildlife.
40:46Nature has broken out and conquered.
40:50Manned cities have lost the battle in a life after people.
40:56So, Wu voz.
40:57Though we see a force mate.
40:58The
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