00:00Babylonian numbering system
00:06The Babylonians lived in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
00:15This region was called Mesopotamia, which means Land Between Rivers.
00:24and currently belongs to Iraq, in the Middle East.
00:30Around two thousand years before Christ, the Babylonians engraved their numerical symbols on clay tablets.
00:41which were then cooked.
00:45They used two symbols, this one, which I have no idea what I can tell you, what does this symbol resemble,
00:51and this other symbol, which resembles an arrow or larger,
00:55whose values, like those of the Egyptians, were added together.
01:01For example, to represent the number 45, he wrote it as follows.
01:08He used four symbols and represented four decades,
01:14The number 40, and he used these other five symbols to represent the number 5.
01:23The Babylonian numbering system is the first known positional system.
01:30In that system, the value of the symbols depended on their position in the written number.
01:35If you have any questions about positional systems,
01:40Here's a lesson on the positional principle in the card.
01:45So you can better understand what we're talking about.
01:51The Babylonians counted by grouping together 60s.
01:57Just like we do today to tell the hours and minutes.
02:02To represent, for example, the number 102,
02:06The Babylonians divided 102 by 60.
02:10to find out how many times 60 fits into 102,
02:15And what is the remainder?
02:17Therefore, we have that 102 is equal to 1 times 60 plus 42.
02:25which is the rest.
02:29For example, the Babylonian representation of the number
02:33It would look like this.
02:3560 corresponding to that symbol,
02:3840 corresponding to these four symbols,
02:41and 2 corresponding to these two symbols.
02:46And notice what's interesting,
02:49that the position affects the value of the number.
02:53As you can see, 2 and 60.
02:56Units, tens, and hundreds.
03:00The basis of the Babylonian numbering system.
03:04It has spanned centuries and left its mark on universal culture.
03:08Have you ever realized that,
03:11to count and measure time,
03:14We make groups of 60,
03:16Just look at a clock with hands.
03:19One hour has 60 minutes.
03:22One minute has 60 seconds.
03:25Therefore, when we say
03:27that a football match lasts 90 minutes,
03:31discounting the 15-minute break,
03:34We know it lasts 60 minutes.
03:37Another 30 minutes.
03:38I.e,
03:39an hour and a half.
03:40A test that lasts, for example,
03:43200 minutes,
03:44It has a duration of 3 hours and 20 minutes.
03:48For example.
03:49Let's calculate that.
03:52200 minutes,
03:53divided by 60 minutes,
03:55We have 3 hours.
03:57which is the quotient,
03:59and the rest, which is 20.
04:00Therefore, 3 hours and 20 minutes.
04:03So, guys,
04:05This lesson is about the Babylonian numbering system.
04:09It will end here.
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04:20See you next time.
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