The Babylonian Number System - Lesson 08 SISTEMA DE NUMERAÇÃO BABILÔNICO - AULA 08 - Vídeo Dailymotion

X-Math

Did you know that the Babylonians created the first Positional Number System in history?   In this lesson, we explore how Babylonian numerals were recorded on clay tablets using Cuneiform (wedge-shaped) symbols. We also look at how this civilization—famous for astronomy and the invention of the abacus—inherited their mathematical knowledge from the Sumerians and Akkadians.   Watch to understand why their "Base 60" system is still important today (think about how we measure time!).   Os Numerais babilônicos eram representados conforme a escrita cuneiforme, usando objetos como em forma de cunha para marcar tábuas de argila ainda mole que depois eram expostas à luz solar para que tivesse um registro permanente.  Os Babilônios, tão conhecidos por suas antigas observações e cálculos astronômicos, feitos com ábacos, uma invenção do mesmo povo, usavam um sistema de numeração posicional herdado das civilizações Sumérios e acadianos. Nenhuma das numerações até então existentes tinha sido um sistema posicional.

Transcript

00:00Babylonian numbering system

00:06The Babylonians lived in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

00:15This region was called Mesopotamia, which means Land Between Rivers.

00:24and currently belongs to Iraq, in the Middle East.

00:30Around two thousand years before Christ, the Babylonians engraved their numerical symbols on clay tablets.

00:41which were then cooked.

00:45They used two symbols, this one, which I have no idea what I can tell you, what does this symbol resemble,

00:51and this other symbol, which resembles an arrow or larger,

00:55whose values, like those of the Egyptians, were added together.

01:01For example, to represent the number 45, he wrote it as follows.

01:08He used four symbols and represented four decades,

01:14The number 40, and he used these other five symbols to represent the number 5.

01:23The Babylonian numbering system is the first known positional system.

01:30In that system, the value of the symbols depended on their position in the written number.

01:35If you have any questions about positional systems,

01:40Here's a lesson on the positional principle in the card.

01:45So you can better understand what we're talking about.

01:51The Babylonians counted by grouping together 60s.

01:57Just like we do today to tell the hours and minutes.

02:02To represent, for example, the number 102,

02:06The Babylonians divided 102 by 60.

02:10to find out how many times 60 fits into 102,

02:15And what is the remainder?

02:17Therefore, we have that 102 is equal to 1 times 60 plus 42.

02:25which is the rest.

02:29For example, the Babylonian representation of the number

02:33It would look like this.

02:3560 corresponding to that symbol,

02:3840 corresponding to these four symbols,

02:41and 2 corresponding to these two symbols.

02:46And notice what's interesting,

02:49that the position affects the value of the number.

02:53As you can see, 2 and 60.

02:56Units, tens, and hundreds.

03:00The basis of the Babylonian numbering system.

03:04It has spanned centuries and left its mark on universal culture.

03:08Have you ever realized that,

03:11to count and measure time,

03:14We make groups of 60,

03:16Just look at a clock with hands.

03:19One hour has 60 minutes.

03:22One minute has 60 seconds.

03:25Therefore, when we say

03:27that a football match lasts 90 minutes,

03:31discounting the 15-minute break,

03:34We know it lasts 60 minutes.

03:37Another 30 minutes.

03:38I.e,

03:39an hour and a half.

03:40A test that lasts, for example,

03:43200 minutes,

03:44It has a duration of 3 hours and 20 minutes.

03:48For example.

03:49Let's calculate that.

03:52200 minutes,

03:53divided by 60 minutes,

03:55We have 3 hours.

03:57which is the quotient,

03:59and the rest, which is 20.

04:00Therefore, 3 hours and 20 minutes.

04:03So, guys,

04:05This lesson is about the Babylonian numbering system.

04:09It will end here.

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04:20See you next time.

The Babylonian Number System - Lesson 08 SISTEMA DE NUMERAÇÃO BABILÔNICO - AULA 08

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