Héctor Giuliano - Episodio 2: Breve historia y evolución del capitalismo - Vídeo Dailymotion

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Ciclo de charlas informales con el Licenciado en Finanzas publicas Héctor Giuliano.   Episodio 2: Breve historia y evolución del capitalismo Fuente: https://youtu.be/diN5pnG0z70/  -Breve historia y evolución del capitalismo  https://www.bitchute.com/video/xEb7ZarmfTzL/  Héctor Giuliano  Licenciado en Administración, egresado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en 1964. Orientado profesionalmente a Organización/Sistemas y Planificación Económico-Financiera, en la actividad privada.  https://hectorluisgiuliano.wixsite.com/my-site  Problemática de la deuda pública https://hectorluisgiuliano.wixsite.com/my-site/home  The Money Masters V.O. Subtitulado Español  https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1954955/?ref_=login https://www.bitchute.com/video/1vbj58BT04xw/ http://www.themoneymasters.com/the-money-masters/synopsischapter-headings/  Europa: The Last Battle (2017) Subt. Español Parte 1/10 https://www.bitchute.com/video/LSYGKVw9hL6y/  The Secret of Oz 2009 Subt. Español  https://www.bitchute.com/video/mx0Cr5fmueyE/ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1478462/plotsummary/?ref_=tt_ov_pl  Secuencia Película "El Concursante" - Historia del Dinero https://www.bitchute.com/video/zgq8YlXKY5PQ/ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0447907/  La Historia de la Dinastía Rothschild por Luis Ravizza Parte 1-8 https://www.bitchute.com/video/BLyaEU2Xolww/  Vicente Lacorzana Frías Activista, periodista de investigación, cineasta, y escritor  Webs, y Blogs  5poder Información Periodismo de investigación, veraz, coherente, responsable, cooperativo, y libre necesario https://5poder.org/  Con La Salud No Se Juega Investigación de las variables que determinan la salud https://conlasaludnosejuega.com/  Huele A Palomitas & Smells Like Popcorn & Vicente Lacorzana P. C.  Orígenes del Cine, Cine Mudo, Cine Europeo, Cine Hollywood y Escuela Cinematográfica https://hueleapalomitas.es/  Canales Testimonios - Documentales  https://archive.org/details/@5poderinfo/ https://www.bitchute.com/channel/EuK7n6zJoR5T/ https://www.dailymotion.com/5poderinformacion/ https://odysee.com/@5Poder:0/ https://rumble.com/user/5Poder/ https://vimeo.com/user139378195969/

Transcript

00:00What is economic and financial?

00:30When does this drama of finance begin to take precedence over the economy? When, or how, does speculative capital and financial capital begin to take precedence over the real economy in nations, and more specifically in Argentina? Do you think so?

00:56Yes, agreed. Good evening to you and the viewers as well.

01:02Indeed, in the previous program we first talked about the nature of money and the primacy that money, through what is called financial economics or finance, has over the economy.

01:17So yes, it is appropriate to give an overview of how this primacy is achieved through the historical evolution of the capitalist system.

01:27This is the reality, not with ideological connotations, but rather a historical investigation, of the economic and financial history of the world and of Argentina.

01:40The key thing for me is to understand that modern capitalism has evolved in three growing phases.

01:52We have moved from commercial capitalism to economic capitalism and from there to financial capitalism.

01:59Extreme synthesis, extreme synthesis, no, hyper synthesis.

02:05Since the end of the Middle Ages and especially with the great discoveries that occurred during the Renaissance,

02:12from, let's say, the 16th century onwards, it became formalized, which does not mean that it did not exist before,

02:19but the guidelines of modern capitalism are formalized.

02:24This arises fundamentally, first, from the growth of exchange,

02:29but above all because of the growth of international trade,

02:33because the great navigating powers, which were the first to formalize this trade,

02:40were the Italian cities, Genoa and Venice,

02:43and they joined in the Middle East, in the Near East,

02:50with the routes that went to the Far East,

02:56the Silk Road and the Spice Road and others.

03:01What was it, on the other hand, that gave rise to the famous adventure of Columbus' voyage,

03:09which had the economic purpose of discovering a different maritime route

03:16to reach the Far East?

03:18A commercial capitalism, there we are...

03:21Of course, it is clear.

03:22That capitalism, I call it...

03:24There are authors who have developed it.

03:27One, a well-known American author,

03:30who wrote Western Civilizations,

03:32an American professor, Macnal Burns.

03:35I don't know if that book is studied at the faculty now,

03:38but very well systematized,

03:41But among other authors, he wasn't the only one, right?

03:44But establish this.

03:46The first great development of modern capitalism is commercially based.

03:51That is, large-scale trade, institutionalized trade.

03:55And also, all its implications,

03:58because this also implied a whole revolution of a financial nature,

04:02financial, because payment mechanisms had to be established.

04:06So, that's where institutions are generated.

04:11One of the institutions, for example, is the bill of exchange, right?

04:16The bill of exchange.

04:17Afterwards, all currency trading,

04:20because that's why there were moneychangers.

04:22In short, the entire history of capitalism,

04:24I'm not going to go into that now, because that,

04:27There is bibliography, there are courses, there are books.

04:32But I mean, there was a first instance

04:34in which capitalism had a fundamentally commercial primacy.

04:41It was linked to large international trade.

04:45This primacy that the Italian cities had,

04:48later it is strongly developed by Anglo-Saxon countries,

04:52But fundamentally England and Holland, the Netherlands, right?

04:57Actually, first the Netherlands and then England,

05:01which copies part of the models of the Netherlands.

05:06But different countries participated in that,

05:09and also Spain and Portugal, right?

05:12That is to say, there was a whole international competition for the market,

05:16but all of that was related to commercial transport goods,

05:23more than economic investment.

05:28What's going on?

05:29This capitalism has its development strongly, why?

05:33Because the goods that were exchanged

05:36They assumed that the West was beginning to become the great supplier of manufactured goods,

05:43especially textiles, as well as receiving other manufactures from the East,

05:49like silk and others.

05:51Well, it would be very long to talk about the history of trade,

05:57the history of world trade and economy,

06:00but as far as we are concerned,

06:03What we need to be clear about is this.

06:05First there was a commercial stage of international capitalism.

06:10Then, there is a settlement of stations and colonies in the countries where trade was carried out,

06:21and European countries begin to expand into different corners of the world,

06:28already permanent territories, right?

06:33That is to say, for example, since the 17th century,

06:38the Cape Colony, which was the route from the Cape of Good Hope to India,

06:44which was the big market, and also the Chinese market,

06:48the Far Eastern market, which was already frequented at that time.

06:53So what happens?

06:54There capitalism takes on another level,

06:58not only commercial, but also economic.

07:01That is to say, the transfers were not only for trade,

07:07but also to establish, to buy land,

07:11to establish factories there,

07:15and to produce as much as possible.

07:18Which begins to develop supported by growth

07:22of the first industrial revolution in Europe,

07:26That was in the second half of the 18th century, right?

07:32Between 1750 and 1800.

07:35It was what was called, according to the text,

07:38I'm repeating things that are textbook, in a certain sense, right?

07:43The first capitalism of the industrial revolution

07:48which was given by the new inventions, right?

07:51The steam engine was the most important of them,

07:55both applied to what later became the railways,

07:59as well as steam navigation,

08:02which replaced sailing.

08:05There were inventions, and there were technical scientific inventions, right?

08:09Like naval measuring instruments,

08:14of guidance, of measurements,

08:18naval measuring instruments, right?

08:21Ships, 20,000 cases could be cited.

08:27So, there the first great industrial development in Europe takes place,

08:33which we could identify with British industrial development,

08:40which was the first to give rise to this with the revolution of the textile industry,

08:47with the move to looms,

08:49because the manual weaving industry is moving to looms,

08:53that is, to industrial manufacturing.

08:55Because?

08:56Because large-scale trade also required large-scale production.

09:04And consequently, that gave rise to that first stage of,

09:08which was called the first industrial revolution.

09:12That is then perfected, it is elaborated,

09:16is related to the expansion of Europe,

09:21generating colonies in Africa mainly,

09:25and also in Asia and America, yes.

09:28Would it be right to say that this new form of mass production

09:32required these powers, in the case of England,

09:36of these factories in which to exercise an exclusive and exclusive trade

09:40to be able to place their merchandise?

09:44And, well, it was the geopolitical process of Europeanization of the world,

09:49where Europe, at that time, exercised increasing dominance throughout the world.

10:00It was the universal, planetary expansion of the European countries,

10:06That's why they started taking and establishing colonies all over the world,

10:13on all continents.

10:18Spain and Portugal expanded in America,

10:22although under a regime that was, yes, of a colonial type,

10:26but in reality they were overseas territories,

10:29because in the case of Latin America a distinction must be made.

10:33But, even so, all of that fell within, from an economic point of view,

10:39fell within the point of view of economic capitalism.

10:46That is, this is where there is a symbiosis between economic and commercial capitalism.

10:52In the case of America it was characteristic of Spain

10:56the exploitation of precious minerals, gold and silver from America,

11:01which were the product of exploitation in territories controlled politically and militarily by the Spanish Empire.

11:13England did the same by taking over various colonies.

11:18South Africa was originally a Dutch colony,

11:23where there were factories with Dutch population.

11:27And the British, in 1704, took it.

11:32It was a product of the expansion of the British Empire,

11:36which actually had a geopolitical meaning,

11:39that of the security of the Empire's shipping lines.

11:45Note that this is a phenomenon studied from a geopolitical point of view.

11:50England was locating strategic colonies at key points of its navigation,

11:58as were certain shorings on the African coast,

12:05in the islands of the South Atlantic,

12:08also Malvinas, the straits,

12:12the internationalization of the straits to control the Pacific waterway.

12:19And South Africa, and then the Near Eastern countries,

12:26and in India, that India became the crown of the British Empire,

12:33in Hindustan, the main territory controlled by England in the 19th century,

12:39the factories that were imposed on a weakened China,

12:44those that were in Southeast Asia, by France, Indochina,

12:51and in Holland, the Dutch islands,

12:59which is what is today Insulindia, what is today Indonesia.

13:03I mean, it was an economic expansion related to political expansion.

13:11But, without making it too long, because if not, we will never finish,

13:15towards the end of the 18th century, 19th century, sorry,

13:22the so-called Second Industrial Revolution takes place,

13:25which is after 1850, some specify it specifically

13:31the last quarter of the 19th century, that is, from 1860-70 until the end of the century,

13:40which is where we move on to what is called the Second Industrial Revolution.

13:46It is a qualitative leap where companies are no longer in a stage of increasing economies of scale.

14:00and they move on to economic concentration, large-scale production

14:06and the creation of the large multinational business groups of the time.

14:12A phenomenon that is developing in parallel, fundamentally, apart from England,

14:19in Germany, in Europe and in the United States, in America.

14:23Where the industrial revolution of mass production already appears,

14:29from mining and grain production also on a large scale.

14:35So, this is where the germ of the third stage of capitalism is produced,

14:43which is financial capitalism.

14:46That is, when financial capital, then stock market, banking,

14:54They are gradually taking over the large companies that controlled economic capital.

15:03This process, who first studied it and had a masterpiece,

15:09was a German economic history researcher, Werner Sombart,

15:15who wrote a masterpiece in two thick volumes,

15:19The height of capitalism, where it thus demonstrates in a disaggregated way,

15:25because they are two thick volumes published by Fondo de Cultura Económica in Spanish,

15:30where he explains how the process of economic concentration took place,

15:35how the companies were forming coalitions.

15:38Let us not forget that coal, steel,

15:43which were beginning to develop throughout the Rour basin,

15:46in the French area of Alsace, Lorraine, etc.,

15:51and which were also a cause of war.

15:53From there a great economic concentration is produced,

15:57and from economic concentration we move to financial concentration.

16:01Why? Because this process didn't just happen.

16:05Meanwhile, there was a great development of the banking and stock market system.

16:11So that's where the game comes in that relates to our previous program.

16:17The power of financial capital over economic capital.

16:23Where does it happen? In the stock market, what is the stock market?

16:27The stock market or capital market is an area where what is traded?

16:33Shares owned by companies are traded.

16:38Perhaps the paradigm of this development was given by the most important bank in the world,

16:46the Rothschild bank, which is a whole family dynasty

16:49which began to strongly control European and world business

16:55since the time of the Napoleonic Wars.

16:59Initially by financing the different sides,

17:03but fundamentally favoring the primacy of British capitalism in the world.

17:10And then it takes strong root and even surpasses it in American financial capitalism.

17:22It's a very long topic.

17:24I have a theme that overwhelms people with so many things together.

17:28But this topic of financial capitalism is very important.

17:32because the physical or real economy is already taking off on a large scale

17:38of financial control, of capital control, of free money

17:45on economic capital. Do you understand?

17:48It's like, let's see if I understand correctly,

17:50It's like a new business appears

17:52in the new business that would be lending money

17:56and not the real economy, not real production.

17:59That is to say, in the big leagues of world power,

18:04the new toy, let's say, of world power,

18:08It is no longer being the owner, the holder of large mining companies,

18:14of large manufacturing companies,

18:16but rather to be shareholders, controlling the company through financial capital.

18:22Exactly.

18:23And that is the phenomenon that continues to this day

18:26and that has been brought to a paroxysm,

18:29where today the world is ruled by financial capital.

18:33That is to say, financial capital is beginning to take on increasing relevance.

18:38and begins to dominate the economic capital of companies,

18:42that companies that were born from personal, private initiatives, from individuals,

18:49become large corporations.

18:51And the political power that comes with those large groups.

18:55There was, I'll summarize it for you, because I don't know how we are with time,

18:59But in any case, among the most relevant authors on this topic were,

19:05First and foremost, Sombart.

19:07How do you spell it for me?

19:09Sombart, as if you meant hat, but it's Sombart.

19:15S-O-M-B-L-A-R-T.

19:18Sombart.

19:19Werner Sombart.

19:20Werner Sombart was a historian who wrote a number of works.

19:26One of Sombart's most important works is that he wrote in 1911,

19:33because the height of capitalism was written in 1890-91.

19:38But later, in 1911, he wrote another very important work entitled

19:45Jews and economic life.

19:48Surely you are referring to the Rothschilds?

19:50No, not specifically the Rothschilds.

19:53It is a very in-depth study, in fact, where he first analyzes the relationship between economics and religion.

20:01Ah, how interesting.

20:02And then he extrapolates how financial capital of Jewish origin was gaining relevance in the world.

20:16That is why he attributes, he contrasts it with the traditional theory of Max Weber.

20:22Max Weber was a German sociologist who established in a book, a small book,

20:32which is The Protestant Spirit and...

20:38I don't remember the exact name now.

20:41It is The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

20:45Which is the universally accepted thesis.

20:49That Protestantism broke with medieval Catholic culture,

20:54who considered secondary trade to be something like contemptible,

20:59the role of the economy, of wealth,

21:03and the primacy of culture, of the spirit, of religion.

21:07And he considered that the Protestant Reformation had led to that liberation.

21:14from the restrictions that traditionally came from Catholic countries,

21:21which strictly speaking is not true,

21:23because the Spanish empire also developed on capitalist bases.

21:29There was the Salamanca school, which was also a precursor to great ideas,

21:34but Protestantism would have been, according to Max Weber,

21:39the true creator, so to speak, of modern capitalism.

21:47And Sombart asks the key question,

21:50saying that in reality reformism, reform,

21:56more than Lutheran, Calvinist,

22:02was actually inspired by the Jewish religion,

22:08fundamentally through the Hebrew Bible

22:12and the spirit of Jewish capital based

22:22in institutions that gave priority to a concept that exists today,

22:29which is the idea that economic well-being,

22:36that wealth is a gift from God.

22:40A very controversial topic,

22:43which is what neo-Pentecostalism supports today

22:47condemned by Pope Francis and Catholic theology.

22:52That is, the idea that wealth is a gift from God.

22:58A sign from God.

22:59A sign from God.

23:00It is a reward from God.

23:02That is to say, the rich person is blessed by God.

23:06Which is a different way of reasoning,

23:13and I would say contrary to Catholic Christian thought.

23:17In that sense.

23:20So, that's why in Sombart's book,

23:24Jews and economic life,

23:27There is talk about the importance that religion has in relation to the economy.

23:33Because?

23:33Because Sombart says that the two main institutions of modern capitalism

23:38They are the bill of exchange and the joint-stock company.

23:42The bill of exchange is the promissory note, and international promissory note.

23:47Therefore, monetary obligations are assumed.

23:51And since they are transferable, they are anonymous.

23:55That money, like the check, can be in the hands of a person today,

23:59tomorrow in the hands of another.

24:00A promissory note, I have a debt with you because I bought merchandise from you.

24:07And then I gave you a document as part of payment to have a payment deadline.

24:14A promissory note or bill of exchange, if it is international.

24:20And that letter, you, to collect it in advance,

24:23You can discount it at a bank, you can endorse it, you can transfer it.

24:28So what's up?

24:29That instrument that was nominative between you and me,

24:33ends up being an anonymous instrument that falls into anyone's hands.

24:37And who is that anyone?

24:39He is a financial speculator who makes it his business.

24:43That's where financial capitalism arises,

24:47of which one of the main ones, who called it thus, has a book,

24:51He was a German-Jewish author who wrote a very good work,

24:58I think he wrote it in 1903, 1905,

25:03Financial capital.

25:05He was a social democrat, wasn't he?

25:07And he was one of those who contributed most to the understanding of financial capitalism.

25:14Then there is also the contribution, well, in the research I cited from Sombart,

25:21and also, importantly, of Lenin.

25:24Lenin has a book,

25:26Imperialism is the final phase or stage of capitalism, right?

25:32where I already glimpsed, I did not glimpse, I already formalized this,

25:37that these researchers and others all came from the socialist thought of the 19th century,

25:45which was not necessarily the Marxist,

25:47because socialism was a general process.

25:50There was a national socialism like that of Sombart,

25:53There was international socialism like that of Marx,

25:56but fundamentally they discovered.

25:59And one of those who best formalized this was Benito Mussolini,

26:04because Benito Mussolini, when he established fascism,

26:08He spoke of the three ages of modern capitalism.

26:11He said,

26:12the 19th century,

26:14which was a stage of wild capitalism,

26:17from the market struggle of all against all.

26:20But that's it,

26:21following Sombart and other authors,

26:24that develop the theme,

26:27This was consolidated by the economic concentration at the end of the century.

26:32Towards the end of the century,

26:34The large companies that dominated the markets were already concentrated.

26:38And today it is the system that governs capitalism.

26:43In that, without being a Marxist,

26:45the main objective contribution that Karl Marx made

26:51to economic thought

26:53It was his theory of economic concentration,

26:56which says that capitalism,

27:00left to his own devices,

27:03that is, without any brakes from the State,

27:05unchecked by external institutions,

27:10naturally tends to concentrate economic power in a few hands.

27:16That is a rule,

27:17It is the law of economic concentration.

27:19It is an objective fact of reality.

27:20It is an objective fact.

27:21A professor once spoke about this,

27:24I haven't seen him for many years now,

27:26He must be very old,

27:27Professor Marcelo Lascano,

27:29a man of nationalist training,

27:31Catholic,

27:32Marcelo Ramón Lascano,

27:34who has a series of books,

27:35and I asked him specifically about this,

27:38I mean, were there precursors to the theory of economic concentration?

27:42No, no, he says,

27:43objectively it was Marcel who formulated it,

27:46I don't know if he had a history,

27:48but establishes,

27:49That's why I say this is not an ideological issue,

27:52This is a factual question,

27:53That's why I quote Marx, Lenin,

27:56and I quote Mussolini,

27:58that Mussolini, on the other hand,

28:00who had ancestry, socialist origin,

28:03not Marxist,

28:05but socialist,

28:06established what they called the Three Ages of Capitalism,

28:11first the wild capitalism of the 19th century,

28:16which was the capitalism of everyone against everyone,

28:20until it gives rise to the second stage of capitalism,

28:23which is the era of economic concentration,

28:26economic concentration in large companies,

28:29the large industrial economic groups,

28:33which occurred in the Ruhr basin in Germany,

28:36with coal, steel, industrialization,

28:40the emergence of large industrial groups,

28:43like the Krupps and the Thyssens in Germany,

28:46and let's not even talk about the economic concentration in the United States,

28:51with the railways,

28:53with the great fortunes,

28:55both economic and financial,

28:57but strongly controlled by financial capital.

29:01And the third stage of capitalism that Mussolini pointed out

29:05It is the stage of the assault on power,

29:09the socialist theory of the assault on power,

29:12which was already during the First World War

29:16and with the First World War

29:18what is called the assault on power occurs.

29:21The large economic groups

29:23They no longer influence from outside

29:26of governments.

29:30At that time most were kingdoms,

29:32but they do not influence from outside,

29:36but they are already seizing power,

29:39take control of power,

29:41they place their men

29:42and influence governments,

29:45the rulers, the dynasties

29:46and the great powers.

29:51That is, they are an oligarchy,

29:52we can talk about a plutocracy,

29:54a government that relieves.

29:54Exact.

29:55It would be good, it would be correct.

29:57Exact.

29:58Yes, yes.

29:58I speak of the three shortcomings

30:01of modern democracy.

30:05One is the loss of political representation.

30:09Another is the fact that political parties,

30:11the political class,

30:12has become an oligarchy.

30:15Oligarchy means few and power.

30:18It means they are concentrated groups

30:22who have a power that they do not use for the general benefit,

30:26but for one's own benefit,

30:28which are fundamentally economic-financial oligarchies.

30:33But above all that there is plutocracy,

30:37the so-called power of large economic and financial groups

30:41on the economic class and the political class,

30:46which is the world we live in,

30:48It is the hyperconcentrated world.

30:50The myth of the law of the free market and supply and demand is over here.

30:56That's what many people said,

30:58General Perón also collected it,

31:01the idea that when an economy is not controlled,

31:04governed and regulated by the State,

31:08It is controlled by large monopolistic groups

31:12or private oligopolists.

31:15Monopoly is control of a single company.

31:19Oligopoly is made up of a few companies.

31:22Today, Don Hector, well, closing,

31:25leave the truth that a fantastic summary

31:30of all this evolution of capitalism,

31:32But there at the end he spoke of a control and presence of the State

31:37and in today's Argentina it is a bad word.

31:39Ah, well, that's something to talk about at length.

31:43I, if anything from this whole rant is clear to the viewer,

31:49that I would be interested in staying,

31:51would be, first,

31:53how modern capitalism tends towards economic concentration

31:58and how that explains why we don't live in a free market,

32:02but in a concentrated market

32:04where those in charge are the big companies, corporations,

32:08but above all, financial capital

32:11that controls those corporations,

32:13because nowadays companies are not independent,

32:16depend on large financial groups

32:19who are the ones who control the boards of directors of companies.

32:24And, in relation...

32:26By the way,

32:27It is these groups that are crying out for abolition,

32:31that is, those who ask for more freedom

32:33to be able to have more discretionary management.

32:35That's why liberalism,

32:38I advance the personal theory,

32:40Manuel is a personal theory that I have discovered,

32:45Liberalism is the ideology of concentrated capitalism.

32:50That's why I countered it.

32:53And that's why it's not a coincidence,

32:55It is no coincidence that we now have a president,

32:58Milley,

32:59who declares himself an extreme liberal,

33:02that is, anarcho-capitalist,

33:04anarcho-liberal,

33:06which is a line of thinking

33:09which also comes from a dismemberment,

33:12no dismemberment,

33:13from a derivation

33:14of Milton Friedman's American liberalism,

33:18but whose creator is actually

33:20It's not Friedman,

33:22I think he is Friedman's son.

33:23and above all Rodbar,

33:26Rodbar who is the one who defined himself,

33:30defined himself as anarcho-liberalism

33:33and the word is not badly chosen,

33:36because what was the essence of anarchy?

33:40The fight against the State.

33:41And why do we fight against the State?

33:44To promote private activity,

33:46but private activity is not free,

33:48is focused.

33:50So it means that the premise is fulfilled

33:53that when an economy and finance

33:55does not control or regulate it

33:57or is supervised by the State,

33:59becomes a free stone

34:01for financial economic capital.

34:05Well, Don Hector,

34:07we are closed for today

34:08and we will be meeting

34:11next week

34:12moving forward in a third episode

34:15and for later

34:17It would also be interesting

34:18develop this theory

34:19anarcho-liberal

34:21of our president.

34:24Each of these topics

34:26gives rise,

34:27as we have defined it from the beginning.

34:31These are informal talks.

34:33I'll write down some words

34:35so as not to forget,

34:38but it is not something elaborate,

34:39so indistinctly

34:41then we can go back

34:43on some particular topics.

34:46I hope I have been clear

34:48and above all useful

34:49to convey differential ideas.

34:52Very clear, Don Hector.

34:53We'll see each other next week.

34:54Fine, thanks.

34:55Thank you.

34:56Thank you.

34:57Thank you.

34:58Thank you.

Héctor Giuliano - Episodio 2: Breve historia y evolución del capitalismo

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