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00:00Brothers, let us continue this reading of chapter 10,
00:29The good shepherd, in Saint John, and in verse 22 there is a transition, there is a difference,
00:36There is a break, so to speak, and we can then distinguish two moments in this chapter 10.
00:44I'm going to read from verse 22 to verse 30, then, this second part.
00:52It was winter and in Jerusalem they were celebrating the festival that commemorated
00:58the dedication of the temple. Jesus was in the temple and was walking in Solomon's Portico.
01:05Then the Jews surrounded him and asked him,
01:08How long are you going to keep us in doubt?
01:12If you are the Messiah, tell us once and for all.
01:15Jesus answered them,
01:18I already told you and you didn't believe me.
01:22The things I do with the authority of my Father clearly demonstrate this.
01:28But you do not believe because you are not of my sheep.
01:32My sheep recognize my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.
01:36I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them away from me.
01:44What the Father has given me is greater than anything, and no one can take it away.
01:51The Father and I are one.
01:55We are in the chronological context, brothers, of the feast of the dedication of the temple of Jerusalem.
02:03I can't do a full analysis of this party here.
02:07and we will only mention it very briefly
02:12that this holiday is very recent in the people of Israel.
02:17This festival is not ancient.
02:19This festival began long after Solomon built the temple
02:25and consecrated it in the city of Jerusalem.
02:29No, it's still later.
02:31This festival comes from what we can call the reconquest of the temple in the time of the Maccabees.
02:42In 167 BC, Antiochus Epiphanes offered a sacrifice to Zeus.
02:52Where?
02:53Listen carefully.
02:54In the temple on the altar of burnt offerings.
02:58Imagine, it's unheard of, it's scandalous.
03:04The most sacred place is offered for the most pagan sacrifice.
03:12This was called the sacrilege of desolation.
03:16And you can go and read it for yourselves in the first book of Maccabees, chapter 1, verse 59,
03:25and also the prophet Daniel in chapter 11, in verse 31.
03:30Three years after this event, the priest Mattathias and his son Judas reconquered Jerusalem.
03:41They purify the temple and rededicate it to God.
03:46And from here on, this festival is celebrated year after year.
03:50So, as I said, it's something quite recent.
03:53In this context, there is the question of the identity of the Messiah,
04:01which is becoming stronger, more anxious, even almost more violent, we might say.
04:07In verse 24, they ask Jesus,
04:11How long are you going to keep us in suspense, anxious, and expectant?
04:15If you are the Christ, then say so clearly.
04:21Jesus, in fact, had already solved the problem of the Messiah's identity,
04:27revealing himself as the good shepherd in the preceding verses.
04:33Jesus replies that he already told them,
04:37But they don't want to believe.
04:40They do not believe in Him.
04:41They do not believe in Him, because they are not of His flock.
04:47They are not his sheep.
04:48Those sheep that hear his voice.
04:51As He said in verses 26 to 27.
04:57What's going on?
04:59The Jews themselves are showing that they are not sheep of Christ.
05:06Well, they don't listen to him.
05:07And Jesus does not give eternal life to these sheep.
05:14The true sheep of Christ, the good shepherd,
05:18They hear his voice.
05:20He knows them and they follow him.
05:24As we read in verse 27.
05:28It gives them eternal life.
05:29They never perish.
05:30And they remain in his hand and no one can snatch them away from there.
05:37It is verse 28.
05:39That is the most concrete reading that few Bibles retain.
05:44Nobody can snatch them out of my hand.
05:47Verse 28.
05:48There is no better definition of a believer.
05:53The entire Gospel of John is as if it were summarized here.
05:56Verse 29 defines the sheep, that is, the believers,
06:03They are given, delivered by the Father to Jesus.
06:08To arrive then at Jesus' statement.
06:12Let us then continue this reading from verse 31 to verse 38.
06:26The Jews again picked up stones to throw at him,
06:31But Jesus said to them,
06:33Through the power of my Father I have done many good things in your sight,
06:39Which of them are they going to stone me for?
06:41The Jews answered him,
06:44We're not going to stone you for any good thing you've done,
06:48but because your words are an offense against God.
06:52You are nothing more than a man, but you are making yourself a god.
06:58Jesus said to them,
06:59It is written in your law,
07:01I said you are gods.
07:04We know that what Scripture says cannot be denied,
07:09And God called those people to whom he addressed his message gods.
07:14And if God consecrated me and sent me into the world,
07:19How can you say that I have offended him because I said that I am a son of God?
07:26And if I do not do the works that my Father does, do not believe me.
07:30But if I do them, even if they don't believe me, believe in the work I do.
07:35so that they may know once and for all that the Father is in me and that I am in the Father.
07:41Verse 31 begins to speak of the Jews who picked up stones to throw at Jesus,
07:51as they had already done or attempted to do in chapter 8, verse 59.
07:57This was actually commanded by God.
08:21We can read it in Leviticus, chapter 24, verse 14 and the following.
08:29But here Jesus, by claiming to be one with the Father, is accused of blasphemy.
08:37But let's not forget the initial context of this part of John chapter 10.
08:43What is the context?
08:46The Feast of the Dedication of the Temple,
08:49where the people had to take a stand against the blasphemy of Antiochus,
08:57of making pagan sacrifices in the same temple of Jerusalem.
09:02The Jews had to confront this blasphemy and purify the place.
09:09to purify the altar, the altar of the temple, the temple that assured them of the presence of God.
09:17And here let's think a little bit about the Jewish mentality.
09:21It is the most sacred thing he had in the temple, which was desecrated.
09:26They had to purify it.
09:28They had to repair the damage.
09:32They had to rectify this blasphemy.
09:34That's what we need to think about, because they want to appeal to Jesus.
09:40When confronted with Jesus, who is the new presence of God,
09:47The Son, as revealer, is giving us the presence of God.
09:53He is the new temple.
09:56He is the one who ensures God's presence in the midst of his people.
10:00Through the Son, the presence of God reaches its perfection.
10:05Because of his union with the Father, the intermediary of the temple is no longer necessary.
10:11from the physical temple, the material temple, the building, to meet with God.
10:16No.
10:17In Jesus is the dwelling place of God.
10:21Jesus then asks the Pharisees,
10:25Why should I be stoned?
10:26Why are they asking me for it?
10:27For which of all the works will Jesus be accused?
10:33He asks in verse 31.
10:36And they reply that they do it because of blasphemy.
10:40and not because of any good deed he has done.
10:44They tell him, "Why do you think you're God?"
10:47Jesus refutes this by quoting the law.
10:51Actually, a small aside,
10:54Jesus is quoting a psalm.
10:55That we truly believe that all scripture is law for the people.
11:01Then Jesus quotes Psalm 82, verse 6.
11:05I have told you, you are gods,
11:08You are all children of the Most High.
11:11The law tells the Jews that they are gods.
11:16How much more so is Jesus God?
11:21Now, here's another aside.
11:24We need to understand the word "gods" in the psalm.
11:28not as a polytheism.
11:30It's not that Jesus is questioning the faith of the Jews,
11:35or that we, upon reading this psalm,
11:37Let's think about polytheism, about a variety of gods.
11:41No.
11:42We must understand that gods, in the plural,
11:46such as divine dignity.
11:48When God speaks,
11:50This message gives us this divine dignity.
11:55Therefore, the Jews are considered gods,
11:59or should they be considered gods,
12:02But they condemn themselves with their own words.
12:08Therefore, the writing cannot be contradicted.
12:12And Jesus asks them, in verse 36,
12:15By what right do they accuse me of blasphemy?
12:18just for having said,
12:21I am a child of God,
12:23Me, whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world?
12:26If you look closely, it's a long question.
12:29which contains many elements.
12:33Jesus claims to be the one consecrated by God.
12:38We understand now,
12:39the context of this second part of chapter 10,
12:43the feast of the dedication of the temple,
12:47as John had begun in verse 22.
12:51This was the party,
12:53It was the liturgical memorial of the Jews,
12:56of the consecration of the altar of burnt offerings.
13:00They had to remember it.
13:03Jesus, present at this feast,
13:07It indicates that He is the new consecration.
13:13What Judas Maccabee had done
13:15in the year 164 BC.
13:19it remained a figure.
13:21But it finds its fulfillment here.
13:24This new altar of sacrifices,
13:27this new altar of communion with God,
13:29It is through the consecrated Son that it is accomplished.
13:34It is God who comes to his people
13:37through his consecrated Son, Jesus.
13:42Now then,
13:43also in this interrogative statement,
13:46If we can put it that way,
13:48since there are statements,
13:50Jesus said that he had already pointed them out to them.
13:52that He was the Son of God.
13:55It's as if he were saying,
13:57Are they stoning me because I told them I am the Son of God?
14:01Behind this question,
14:03The revelation of Jesus is hidden
14:05as the only Son of God.
14:09And in verse 37,
14:11He tells them about the works He has done.
14:13in the name of his Father.
14:15If we accept that his works are made
14:19like the works that God does,
14:22We believe at least in these works
14:25who bear witness to Him.
14:28Accept that the works that Jesus does
14:30like the works of God,
14:33as divine works,
14:34It is then to accept its origin.
14:37Jesus comes from the Father as his Son.
14:42By their fruits the Jews will know them.
14:44And so do we.
14:46in which the Father is in Jesus
14:49and He is in the Father.
14:53Divine unity is revealed to us through works.
14:57These testify that Jesus is the Son of God.
15:02These words from verse 39
15:05reaffirm the idea
15:07which we had already read in verse 30.
15:11The unity of the Father and the Son
15:13but given in context
15:16of the dedication of the Temple,
15:19They are then words
15:20of the new presence of God
15:22in the life of his people.
15:25No longer in the Temple,
15:26physical,
15:28in the building,
15:29but in his own consecrated Son.
15:33And here then
15:34we wonder
15:35Who is the Son of God to me?
15:37This second part
15:39from chapter 10
15:40from the Gospel of John
15:41He immediately throws this question at us.
15:44Who is Jesus?
15:46He takes up the image again
15:48of the shepherd of Israel,
15:49But this good shepherd
15:51is one
15:52with the God of Israel.
15:55We understand then
15:56the suspense of the Jews
15:57to know
15:58if this Jesus
16:00He is the Messiah.
16:02They want to know.
16:03openly and without beating around the bush.
16:05And Jesus is doing it.
16:08Jesus is telling them this.
16:10But they
16:11They do not receive his testimony.
16:13They do not receive his words.
16:15Because?
16:15Because they are not
16:17of the flock of the good shepherd.
16:19Because they
16:20They are not sheep
16:21of this good shepherd.
16:22The sheep
16:23They are the ones who listen
16:25the voice of the good shepherd.
16:27And it's because of the works
16:28of this good shepherd
16:30that is revealed to us
16:31the condition of Jesus
16:32as the consecrated one of God.
16:34the Son of God.
16:36As one consecrated to the Father,
16:38Jesus is sent to us
16:39to bear witness
16:41of the Father.
16:43And this
16:43It gives a light
16:45fundamental
16:46about our Christian life,
16:48which is a life
16:49of consecration.
16:50Baptismal consecration,
16:52priestly
16:53or that of religious life.
16:55Or any other type
16:56of consecration
16:57what we do to God.
16:58But the baptismal
16:59It is a consecration to God.
17:01are
17:02through our consecration
17:04baptismal
17:05witnesses
17:06of all our works
17:08of God.
17:10In all our works
17:12we bear witness
17:13of God.
17:15And this testimony
17:16gets to the point
17:18to accept
17:18being stoned
17:20like Jesus
17:22was
17:22about to be.
17:24We're finished here.
17:26the analysis
17:27of the verses.
17:29There is still
17:30Much to discuss.
17:32We will.
17:32in the following video.
17:34Thank you!
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