Türkistan'dan Avrupa'ya Türk tarihi ile ilgili videolara yer veren Yarın İçin Tarih özellikle Osmanlı tarihi, Milli Mücadele, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, inkılaplar ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihine odaklanmıştır.
Yakın dönem tarih konularına değindiğimiz kanalımıza ait web sayfası ve sosyal medya hesaplarımızı takip etmek isterseniz:
http://www.yarinicintarih.com.tr
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#türk #türkiye #türkistan #yarınicintarih #турецкий #турок #турция #туркистан #Turquie
Yakın dönem tarih konularına değindiğimiz kanalımıza ait web sayfası ve sosyal medya hesaplarımızı takip etmek isterseniz:
http://www.yarinicintarih.com.tr
Facebook: @yarinicintarih
İnstagram: : @yarinicintarih
Twitter: @yarinicintarih
Linkedin: @yarinicintarih
#türk #türkiye #türkistan #yarınicintarih #турецкий #турок #турция #туркистан #Turquie
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ÖğrenmeDöküm
00:00MUSIC
00:30The road goes from Edirne to Esztergom.
00:43Forty people send roses to Hacı İlbe.
00:47This religion sends a flood to Varna.
00:51Let the morning breeze blow, so that the beautiful girl may awaken.
00:56Let him wake up and let the rose rest on the pillow
01:00The year is 1870
01:05For the Ottoman Empire and the Turks, who were struggling with rebellions and wars.
01:10The year a much more negative period began.
01:13People in Anatolia are now facing a new threat.
01:18Primarily Istanbul and Ankara
01:21Tens of thousands of people lose their lives due to drought, famine, and cold.
01:27Hundreds of thousands more try to live feeling the cold breath of death on their necks at every moment.
01:35In another important development that took place in 1871
01:41It was Prussia's victory over France, which led to German unification.
01:44This situation was nothing short of a development that threatened the very existence of the Ottoman Empire.
01:49By 1876, a much more negative development occurred.
01:55The wheel of the state, barely turning, falls into a hole and breaks.
02:00So, the Sublime Porte entered the Crimean War in 1856 with money borrowed from England.
02:07He declares bankruptcy when he can't pay his debt.
02:11The game was played, and the Ottoman Empire, which once ruled over seven continents, became dependent.
02:30Once things start to go wrong...
02:32Nothing that can be done now is in vain.
02:35Negative events are like a snowball rolling down a slope; they grow into an avalanche.
02:41What the Ottoman Empire experienced in 1876 was no different.
02:48In April of the same year, rebellions were started by committee members in the Danube and Rumelia provinces.
02:55Serbia took advantage of this situation and declared war.
03:00The goal is to achieve independence.
03:04But things don't always go as planned.
03:06Serbia, which harbors the ambition of independence, would have almost lost its autonomy if Russia hadn't intervened.
03:13Soldiers were transferred from the Danube and Rumelia provinces to the war with Serbia.
03:20This, in turn, leads to a power vacuum in the areas where the Bulgarian uprising took place.
03:26This void is filled by armed and organized Turks, as seen in the case of Batak.
03:34These organized local Turkish armed groups, known as "başıbozuk," were under the command of Ahmet Ağa.
03:41They demand that the rebels surrender.
03:45But the offer is rejected.
03:48Ultimately, a fierce and bloody battle ensues.
03:52Thousands of people die on both sides.
03:55This is where the real debate begins.
03:58Bulgarians describe the event as genocide.
04:01And they brought the issue to European public opinion in this way, with the help of Tsarist Russia and some Romanian intellectuals.
04:08The event wouldn't mean anything if it were limited to just moving.
04:13But that won't happen.
04:15The issue is brought to a religious dimension, transforming it into a Muslim-Christian conflict.
04:20This has two important consequences, one internal and one external.
04:26Inside, there was an insurrection between the Sublime Porte and the committee members, which did not go beyond a matter of public order.
04:33It gradually begins to acquire a mass character and transforms into Turkish-Bulgarian animosity.
04:39Meanwhile, in Europe, the perception of the Ottomans and Turks changed 180 degrees.
04:48The enchanted world of Orientalism becomes the world of barbarians.
04:54In short, a political problem is transformed into a clash of civilizations whose effects continue to this day, or are still being deliberately exacerbated.
05:04So what really happens in Batak?
05:10Daily News writer McGehan says the following regarding Batak, where 8,000 civilians are alleged to have been killed:
05:17French and Russian consuls and railway officials are giving higher figures.
05:26According to these sources, the number of villages that burned down is over a hundred.
05:29The number of those killed is between 25,000 and 40,000.
05:33After hearing that 15,000 people were killed in 4 days, I didn't dare ask any further questions.
05:40According to Misha Glenny, in the next 18 months, this will be reported in over 200 European newspapers.
05:54Three thousand articles were published condemning Batak and other atrocities.
05:58Of course, the only culprits are Muslims.
06:02The innocent and the oppressed are the Christians.
06:05The media coverage of these events angered the major powers, especially Great Britain.
06:10It plays a decisive role in changing his views on the Eastern crisis.
06:15Britain's subsequent stance would result in the establishment of the Bulgarian state.
06:21In the Batak incidents, one of the parties was the committee members.
06:32The other group was definitely Turkish groups that were referred to as irregulars at that time.
06:38However, there are inconsistencies in the testimonies given regarding the events that took place here.
06:46For example, the fact that 8,000 people were killed in Batak indicates that it was a considerably large town.
06:53Yet even McCaum, who cited large numbers regarding the Bulgarians killed,
06:59He says this is a very deserted place.
07:02American Ottoman historian Stanford Shaw, on the other hand,
07:07They also give a different figure regarding the number of victims.
07:11He also offers a different perspective on the subject.
07:14According to Shaw, the number of Muslims killed is greater than the number of Christians.
07:19The renowned historian states the following:
07:23European propaganda forces got to work.
07:28Although more than 4,000 Christians were not killed
07:31British media begins to talk about the atrocities in Bulgaria.
07:34And he began to declare that fanatical Muslims had killed thousands of defenseless Christian villagers.
07:39American missionaries estimate that 15,000 Christians were killed.
07:44The Bulgarians increased this figure to between 50,000 and 100,000.
07:47These developments were reported in England by the opposition leader William Gladstone.
07:53This is used as a good opportunity to level harsh criticisms against Prime Minister Dizraili.
07:59Shaw says the following on the subject:
08:03William Gladstone condemned Dizraili's pro-Turkish policies of the past 20 years in light of these developments.
08:10While accusing Muslims in Bulgaria and Bosnia of all kinds of atrocities
08:14He ignored the fact that Muslims were also killed and that Ottoman soldiers were there to restore order.
08:21British public opinion was so incited that
08:24To save the Ottoman Empire, which the Russians wanted to destroy.
08:28Neither Dizrail nor anyone else could have suggested British intervention.
08:32A change has occurred in British foreign policy.
08:37But this is not so much because the events in Batak were covered in the press.
08:41The political map of Europe is likely to change.
08:45By defeating France in 1871 and achieving German unification
08:51with its emergence onto the European stage as a powerful state
08:54It is no longer just British interests that are at risk.
08:58It is himself
09:00Anyway, let's go back to that little town nestled among the mountains.
09:06According to British sources, Batak consisted of 490 households at that time.
09:13It is a village with approximately 2800 inhabitants.
09:17Furthermore, there is no participation in this uprising from other regions.
09:22In such an environment, to talk about the killing of tens of thousands of Bulgarians...
09:26only and exclusively by certain groups in the West that are trying to create this
09:31It is nothing more than an attempt to fuel a clash of civilizations.
09:35However, Bulgarian historians have stated the following regarding Bulgarians killed in the conflicts:
09:41They give the figure 3000.
09:43However, in Batak, which has a population of 2800, a census was conducted after the clashes.
09:491871 people are living there
09:52This shows that the actual figure is much different.
09:56According to this, out of a total of 5,000 people who died in the conflicts...
10:01However, approximately 1000 of them are Bulgarian.
10:03Although this was the truth, the Batak incident was presented to the Western public in a very different light.
10:14It is portrayed as the massacre of tens of thousands of Christians by Muslims.
10:18However, as the show also stated...
10:22It serves only and solely to instrumentalize, that is, to legitimize, the massacre.
10:28But this is a one-sided and polarized perspective on what is happening in the Balkans.
10:35So for European politicians and newspaper readers
10:40There are no longer any Muslim victims in the Bulgarian uprisings.
10:43This approach directly affects the level of violence against Muslims in the riots.
10:50causes a significant increase
10:51Now all obstacles to the killing and expulsion of Muslims have been removed.
10:57has disappeared
10:59But how and by whom will this be ensured?
11:04Because the Bulgarian rebels do not have the means to do this on their own.
11:09In fact, Benkovski, one of the leaders of the rebellion, is aware of this.
11:14and this was from the vast Balkan mountains where he hid after the suppression of the rebellion.
11:20Pointing to the plain with his hand, he said:
11:24I have now achieved my goal.
11:27I inflicted a wound on the heart of the tyrant that will never heal.
11:31Now, please let Russia come.
11:33Tsarist Russia responded to this solution without delay.
11:39On April 24, 1877, it declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
11:44In the 1877-78 war, Russia's main objective was to gain control of the Balkans.
11:52And the Balkans needed a country completely loyal to Russia, one that would fulfill its word and deliver.
12:05And that country was Bulgaria.
12:07For this reason, Russia
12:11He started this war in 1977-78 with the aim of creating a Bulgaria in the Balkans.
12:19And Bulgaria was larger then than it is today.
12:25Designed Bulgaria
12:28But this is a Bulgaria that...
12:31Bulgarians were a minority.
12:34We have all the statistics.
12:39that the majority of the population is Muslim
12:43Christians were a minority.
12:47But among these Christians, Bulgarians were an even smaller minority.
12:52Because there were Greeks among them.
12:55There were Russians too.
12:56There were Romanians too.
12:57There was etc.
12:58So, roughly the population of present-day Bulgaria was 2 to 2.5 million at that time.
13:111.2 million of them were Muslim.
13:15The remaining 800,000 were non-Muslims, and perhaps only about 700,000 of them were Bulgarians.
13:22But a Bulgaria inhabited by Muslims would certainly not obey Russia's orders.
13:33Therefore, Russia found a way out by cleansing the population there.
13:43This war is very different from previous Ottoman-Russian wars.
13:48With this war, the Russians aimed to seize Ottoman territories in Bulgaria and the Balkans, and especially in Bulgaria, and to establish a Bulgarian state on these lands.
14:01And at the same time, they wanted to gain control over this region in this way.
14:07To achieve this goal, the Russians adopted a policy of either massacring the Turks living in those lands or forcing them to migrate and thus removing them from those territories.
14:27Therefore, they transformed the war into a veritable war of genocide.
14:33The Russian army, under the command of General Gurko, begins to advance rapidly through the Dobruja Plain towards the Danube River via Tulcea.
14:43The Ottoman Empire's objective was to prevent Russian armies from descending the Danube River.
14:49Therefore, Marshal Abdulkerim Pasha, the General Commander of the Danube Armies, evacuated Northern Dobruja and concentrated all his forces south of the Danube River.
15:01The Russians, too, faced no obstacles in the face of this development.
15:07They gained the opportunity to advance rapidly from Northern Dobruja towards the Danube.
15:13Now the only obstacle in front of the Russians is the Danube River.
15:17In Northern Dobruja, a massive migration begins with the Russian advance.
15:31Tulcea, one of the largest cities in the region, is being emptied.
15:35It's not just Turks who are leaving this place.
15:39Both Turks and foreigners are leaving the city.
15:43Along with Tulcea, the inhabitants of Machin, Khrosova, and Baba Dag also began retreating south towards Varna from June 23, 1877, in front of the approaching Russian armies.
15:58Those who fail to do so, or who delay leaving the area, face a worse fate.
16:05To be looted and killed by the committee members
16:10Under the command of General Gurko, the Russian armies crossed the Danube from an unexpected location, a region between Vidin and Ruse.
16:25Apart from the legendary defense of Flevna, they advanced rapidly without encountering much resistance.
16:32However, they could not enter Shumen, where the Ottoman army headquarters was located, or the Rhodopes, where there was armed popular resistance.
16:41They crossed the Balkan Mountains and descended to the Plovdiv Plain, from where they marched rapidly towards Thrace.
16:48But they don't let their guard down while doing so.
16:52To prevent possible attacks from behind and to ensure that Bulgarians become the majority in the region.
16:59They start driving the Turks towards Russia right at the beginning of the operation.
17:03However, after some time, the Minister of War, Milyuti, objected.
17:08This forced migration movement towards Russia is abandoned.
17:13The bottom line is that this development is not actually good news for the Turks.
17:22It soon becomes clear that this is not the case.
17:25Because it was established with the aim of ensuring the formation of the Bulgarian National State.
17:30The Bulgarian National Administrative Organization and the Pan-Slavists
17:34They were united in a general idea of annihilation regarding the Turks.
17:39Indeed, Cherkaski says that anyone who wants to eat an omelet must know how to crack an egg.
17:46In his letter to Milyuti, he stated that this war would clearly be a war of racial extermination, that is, genocide.
17:53That's also possible.
17:55Before even crossing the Tunay River, the Russian army shelled the towns along the river.
18:00As a result of this development, the city of Ruse, with a population of 25,000, was almost completely emptied.
18:07Terrorism continues even after crossing the Danube River.
18:11This sometimes takes the form of villages being bombed, and sometimes it manifests as attacks and massacres of people.
18:19On the other hand, something else is happening.
18:23This is so that he/she can feel insecure.
18:27When you occupy the city, when you occupy the village, you issue an order.
18:31Muslims will surrender all their weapons.
18:35But this is nothing short of inviting a massacre.
18:40One of the most striking examples of this is revealed in the report written by Edmund Calvert.
18:46In Hıdır Bey village, the Cossacks calmly collected the weapons from the Turks and handed them over to the Bulgarians.
18:54They also killed 55 of the 70 men in the village.
18:58The 15 survivors were all those who managed to escape as soon as the Tsarist army came into view.
19:06One of the greatest tragedies occurred during the occupation of the old Zara.
19:12The entry of the Russian army into the city would mark the beginning of the end for the Turks.
19:18The provincial mufti, Hüseyin Raci Efendi, described the tragic situation in his memoirs as follows:
19:24That day
19:26As the saddler's and buffalo shops were looted
19:30Four hours after sunset, at night as well.
19:32Women and children poured into the market.
19:34They looted Muslim and Jewish shops and stores.
19:38Gunshots were coming from all over the town.
19:41The sound of doors and shutters breaking had reached the heavens.
19:44My family and I were confined to our home.
19:46He waits
19:48It was as if we were busy giving and taking lives.
19:50Sometime
19:52In a moment of carelessness, I acted on it while sitting there.
19:54The neighbor's door
19:56Upon the Bulgarians' demonstration
19:58Cossacks, or rather, vengeful Bulgarians.
20:00While he was king
20:02They woke me up.
20:04The household cries and trembles.
20:06Some people faint from fear of death.
20:08Some, in their astonishment, would try to throw themselves into the well.
20:10In a panic for their lives, they immediately took them all to the barn.
20:14I hid it in the hay.
20:16The noise and gunshots from the neighbor's house moved on and on.
20:19The women and children screamed in agony.
20:22My knees gave way when I heard those sounds.
20:26I fell to the ground.
20:28With the thought that they killed our neighbors
20:30I lost myself.
20:32My brothers-in-law went to get help
20:34With the help and protection of a couple of Bulgarian acquaintances, they were able to return.
20:38The neighboring women too
20:40By taking refuge in a Bulgarian house
20:42We learned that they had been rescued from the Bulgarians, again.
20:46I wish everyone was this lucky.
20:49But the gleaming steels
20:51Exploding cannonballs
20:52The guns that were fired
20:54And what the shouts revealed
20:56There is only one truth.
20:58Death
21:00Raci Efendi in a very short time
21:03From this happy picture
21:04She will wake up with a scream.
21:06Shortly
21:08From the Debbahane neighborhood and our prison friends.
21:12Debbah Hacı Hafız Halil Efendi's son
21:16Hafiz Mustafa Efendi arrived.
21:18By tearing off the top
21:20And throwing himself to the ground
21:22The neighbors didn't leave a single healthy and peaceful person in our neighborhood.
21:26They shoot and kill them all by shooting them in the back.
21:28Have mercy on these people, show them some compassion and save them from those tyrants.
21:32She let out a scream.
21:34What happened is horrific.
21:36And it is a disgrace for humanity.
21:38But in January 1878
21:42What happened in Harmanlı
21:44It's even better than the one in the old Zara.
21:46Tsarist army
21:48According to some figures
21:50Sixty, according to some figures.
21:52He catches up with the group of refugees numbering one hundred thousand.
21:56According to British Foreign Office reports
22:00Russian soldiers
22:02On the crowd of people terrified by fear
22:04He repeatedly launched attacks from horseback.
22:08And it has caused horrific carnage.
22:12Human bodies gripped by deadly fear
22:14As a last resort
22:16With hope of liberation
22:18They jump into the icy waters of the Tunca River.
22:20Many people, especially children
22:22They can't pull themselves together.
22:24And they drown
22:26The sadness of separation
22:28The joy of liberation
22:30In the cold and dark waters of the Tunca River
22:32It disappears
22:34Now
22:36On the one hand, you are applying systematic pressure.
22:38By torturing
22:40By frightening
22:42You are displacing the person.
22:44And they do this by blocking migration routes.
22:46As much as possible
22:48Where you found it
22:50You're destroying it.
22:52Or you destroy
22:54Here's my opinion.
22:56Disposal
22:58Russian army and komitaji
23:00Where massacres and attacks are not enough
23:02By leaving people hungry and homeless
23:04They have tried to achieve their goals.
23:06During the war, which lasted approximately two years
23:10In the provinces of Tuna and Edirne
23:12Belonging to the Turks
23:14Six hundred thousand tons of straw and hay
23:16One million five hundred thousand tons of grain
23:18Eight hundred thousand head of cattle
23:20And fifteen million small livestock
23:22They confiscated it.
23:24Moreover
23:26Anything they won't use
23:28They have burned and destroyed everything.
23:30This is simple, but...
23:32trampling on human dignity
23:34The aim of the application
23:36As Kalbert also pointed out
23:38The goal is to prevent those who leave from returning.
23:40What was attempted through all those attacks and massacres
23:42Researcher
23:44Bilal Şimşir's
23:46As he said
23:48It is a demographic revolution.
23:50All the attacks that were carried out
23:52What was attempted through all those attacks and massacres
23:57As researcher Bilal Şimşir said
24:00It is a demographic revolution.
24:02Because more than half of the population
24:05In Bulgaria, which is made up of other ethnic groups
24:08There is no other way to establish a sovereign state.
24:12In the next episode
24:14Until we meet again in the sorrowful world of those who leave and those who stay.
24:18Goodbye
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