Türkistan'dan Avrupa'ya Türk tarihi ile ilgili videolara yer veren Yarın İçin Tarih özellikle Osmanlı tarihi, Milli Mücadele, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, inkılaplar ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihine odaklanmıştır.
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#türk #türkiye #türkistan #yarınicintarih #турецкий #турок #турция #туркистан #Turquie
Yakın dönem tarih konularına değindiğimiz kanalımıza ait web sayfası ve sosyal medya hesaplarımızı takip etmek isterseniz:
http://www.yarinicintarih.com.tr
Facebook: @yarinicintarih
İnstagram: : @yarinicintarih
Twitter: @yarinicintarih
Linkedin: @yarinicintarih
#türk #türkiye #türkistan #yarınicintarih #турецкий #турок #турция #туркистан #Turquie
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ÖğrenmeDöküm
00:00MUSIC
00:30How long will you sleep? Wake up! Were you born only to sleep? Wake up! The awaited moment has arrived.
00:54The call for independence in Slaveikov's verses transforms into anti-Turkish sentiment in Hristo Botev's poetry.
01:09Curse them, mother, curse them. Curse the Turks who drove us from our homeland and left us to suffer and be miserable in foreign lands at a young age.
01:19The Ottoman Empire has now reached the most challenging turning point in its longest century.
01:27On one side, Tsarist Russia, on the other, the Komitaji (guerrilla fighters).
01:33On one side, powerful forces are lying in wait for an opportunity, while on the other, rebels are vying for independence.
01:38In fact, the struggles for sovereignty and independence in the Balkans have always had a dual dimension.
01:48But this is not a process of conflict, but rather a collaborative process that benefits both sides.
01:54As the Greek author Dr. Giorgios stated in his Nakraca,
02:00Great powers have used rebels in their struggles for dominance, and rebels have used them in their wars of independence.
02:09The most striking example of this alliance occurred during the Ottoman-Russian war, known popularly as the 93 War, which is described as a great defeat.
02:18The Russians used the Bulgarians to gain influence in the region, while the rebellious Bulgarians used the Russians for their independence.
02:26But it is millions of Turks who will suffer the consequences.
02:31The attacks, which began particularly with the Bulgarian uprising of 1876 and continued during the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-1878,
02:42The massacres resulted in one of the largest migrations in human history.
02:48Over a million Turks were forced to migrate to Anatolia.
02:53Hundreds of thousands also die as a result of disease and attacks that occur on the roads.
03:00In fact, all that suffering and migration certainly didn't happen in a single day.
03:07It is the result of a development that has lasted almost two centuries.
03:11The period between the Ottoman Empire and Russia that began in the 18th century and continued until the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878,
03:28A war occurs almost every 10-15 years.
03:32This would utterly frustrate the Turks living within the borders of present-day Romania and Bulgaria.
03:39Because every war means having to leave your home and country again and again.
03:45Because every war means the Turks losing their possessions, their property being burned and destroyed.
03:50Moreover, the Ottoman army, already struggling with the rebellion of the local notables and facing financial difficulties, was in no position to defend the country.
04:00To such an extent that, when faced with the advancing Russian armies, help was sometimes requested from civilians.
04:07Even children.
04:11The Ottoman-Russian wars, which began in 1806, were of great interest to the public.
04:18We have a document in the Prime Ministry's Ottoman archives.
04:22This document gives us the impression that the army will no longer be able to protect people in a certain region.
04:31Because there is this information there.
04:33It is said that boys over the age of 7, boys who can handle weapons, should be armed.
04:45What does it mean to arm children from the age of 7?
04:48The request is for them to be armed and used for protection duties.
04:53During the ongoing Ottoman-Russian wars, especially the wars of 1806-1812,
05:03It is estimated that around 400,000 Turks were forced to migrate from Dobruja and Deli Orman.
05:09However, the war that broke out between the two countries in 1828 was the first Ottoman-Russian war with the most severe political and social consequences.
05:19Because for the first time in this war, Russia crossed the Balkan Mountains and reached Edirne, threatening the capital, Istanbul.
05:29The disaster does not end there.
05:32During the occupation, places like Hacıoğlu Bazaar, Varna, Pravadı, and Kozluca were emptied.
05:38In some places, people, desperate for survival, are forced to flee, even leaving their crops in the fields.
05:45Those who did not flee and remained faced an far greater danger during that winter spent under occupation.
05:52Hunger.
05:52This war, which ended in a Russian victory, resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Edirne between the Ottoman Empire and Russia.
06:15This is an agreement containing very harsh terms for the Ottomans.
06:20The Austrian ambassador commented that by signing this agreement, the Ottoman Empire would no longer be considered among the independent states.
06:38With this agreement, Serbia gained autonomy for Wallachia and Moldavia, while Greece achieved full independence.
06:46Now it is time to secure Bulgaria's independence.
06:51The Tsarist army had already carried out the necessary preparations in this regard during the Ottoman-Russian wars.
06:57The first Bulgarian uprising resulting from these developments took place in Tarnovo in 1835.
07:04Then, rebellions broke out in Niš in 1841 and in Vidin in 1850.
07:13However, the Sublime Porte easily suppressed these attempts thanks to the timely measures it took.
07:19But this is an endless struggle for the Ottoman Empire.
07:25So now the Ottoman Empire suppresses the rebellion with its own military power, and as soon as it suppresses it, it faces external pressures.
07:37And reforms are being demanded.
07:41For example, a Serbian uprising or a Bosnian uprising.
07:45Even if the Ottoman Empire suppressed it, demands for reforms emerged afterwards.
07:53Those demands for reform are gradually turning into demands for autonomy.
07:58And ultimately, it turns into demands for independence.
08:01Now, if the Ottoman Empire were to resist at this stage, then you see an Ottoman-Russian war breaking out.
08:09And there are certain elements they couldn't impose on the Ottoman Empire before, they are now forcing upon it through war and coercion.
08:18But doing so becomes a little more difficult in the mid-19th century.
08:23Because Europe was shaken and in turmoil by the effects of a new revolution that began in Paris in February 1848.
08:32Monarchist regimes are collapsing everywhere, and constitutional and republican regimes are being established in their place.
08:40But this won't last long.
08:42Austria, then a bastion of reaction, with military support from Russia, brutally suppressed uprisings in its region.
08:52Russia uses the same method when suppressing uprisings in Poland and Wallachia.
08:58A significant portion of Europe is now once again under the control of absolutist and feudal regimes.
09:07The bloody suppression of the uprisings and the reign of terror led many anti-monarchists to flee the country, resulting in a large influx of political refugees.
09:20One of the countries reached by this wave was the Ottoman Empire.
09:24From May 1849 onwards, numerous Hungarian, Polish, and Italian political refugees sought refuge in Ottoman territories in groups.
09:37The number of arriving refugees is estimated to have reached 10,000 as of September.
09:43A significant number of these refugees will return to Europe in the coming years.
09:49The rest, like Ibrahim Muteferrika and Mustafa Celaleddin Pasha, would convert to Islam and enter the service of the Ottoman Empire.
09:58These individuals will make significant contributions to Türkiye's modernization and development.
10:04Austria and Russia, which brutally suppressed anti-monarchist movements in Europe, behaved differently when the country in question was the Ottoman Empire.
10:19Far from supporting the absolutist Ottoman regime, they backed pro-independence movements.
10:27Moreover, they provide them with all kinds of assistance.
10:30Despite all this, gangs lacking popular support have no chance of achieving their goals.
10:37Realizing this situation, Bulgarian revolutionaries in the Danube and Rumelia provinces changed their tactics.
10:42From 1860 onwards, they shifted their activities abroad and conducted their struggle from their center in Bucharest.
10:53Now the sole objective is to create an environment conducive to rebellion.
10:57The method employed for this is a hit-and-run tactic.
11:02The logic behind this hit-and-run tactic is to destroy law and order in the region.
11:08Because as a state, your duty is to ensure the safety of your citizens.
11:14This is the first task.
11:15But if you can't prevent this hit-and-run tactic, the public will develop the perception that "this isn't a state."
11:23The goal is to ensure this.
11:25And to achieve this, attacks are carried out on villages, without distinction between Turkish, Bulgarian, or Greek inhabitants.
11:33And even Bulgarian villages are subjected to this attack.
11:38And only as a result of this attack is it stated that these acts were carried out by the Turks.
11:45As the Bulgarian uprising shifted its tactics, sad news also arrived from Crimea and the Caucasus.
11:53Many people from this area are also migrating to the Ottoman Empire due to attacks and massacres.
11:59Most of them were initially settled in the Balkans.
12:04Approximately 300,000 Tatars, who migrated especially after the Crimean War, settled in the Dobruja region.
12:11They are settled in the town of Mecidiyye, which was built for them.
12:16According to Kemal Karpat, approximately 1,800,000 Tatars became migrants between 1783 and 1922.
12:24He sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire.
12:29For Tsarist Russia, the Caucasus region was just as important as Crimea in terms of its regional interests.
12:43In the Caucasus, where war and resistance continued with full intensity, a new era began with the surrender of Sheikh Shamil on August 25, 1859.
12:54Tsarist Russia employed every possible method to displace the local population.
13:01As Leo Tolstoy pointed out, the first step was to plunder the villages during nighttime raids.
13:08Then, they resort to burning and destroying everything.
13:11They are even deprived of their livestock, which provide their livelihood, and everything else they need to survive.
13:20All the brutality and massacres that have taken place yield the desired result.
13:251.2 million Caucasians were displaced and forced to leave the lands where they were born.
13:31However, only 800,000 survivors managed to complete this arduous journey and reach Ottoman territory.
13:40Approximately 500,000 of them were settled in the Balkans, particularly along the border of present-day Bulgaria, Serbia, and Albania.
13:49This means the beginning of new problems.
13:52At a time when the Russians were trying to annex the Caucasus to their territory,
14:05The Ottoman Empire was also trying to consolidate its authority in the Balkans.
14:10To this end, in 1864, the Sublime Porte appointed Mithat Pasha as governor of the Danube province.
14:18However, the Pasha's modern approach to governance and his efforts to prevent the Bulgarian rebellion through agricultural reforms,
14:27It is disrupted by migrations from the Caucasus.
14:31Because the state's financial problems create significant difficulties in the settlement of these people from the Caucasus in the Balkans,
14:38Many people are left out in the cold and frost during winter.
14:43A lot of effort is put into overcoming the problem.
14:46The proposed solution was to relocate some of the Christian villagers in these areas to other regions.
14:55This, however, provided both social support for the Bulgarian uprising,
14:58It is also a negative development because it gives rise to opposing sentiments.
15:04Some of these people from the Caucasus,
15:20When they were settled in the Balkans and encountered Orthodox Christians,
15:25He seeks to make them pay the price for the suffering they have endured.
15:28As the attacks spread to rural areas, many Christians migrated to neighboring countries.
15:36These provide a solid social base for the Bulgarian independence movement.
15:41Mithat Pasha's efforts to neutralize Bulgarian nationalist sentiment thus came to an end.
15:48All these developments contribute to the spread of pro-independence ideas and anti-Turkish sentiment in society.
15:56The issue, with its dimensions bordering on racism, is even reflected in Bulgarian poetry.
16:00One of the most extreme examples of this can be seen in the poetry of Chin Tulog.
16:07Oh great love, ignite within us, let us stand against the Turks.
16:14Let our voices, all of us, shake the whole Balkans.
16:18Everyone, young and old, rise up and arm yourselves.
16:22Gird your slender swords to your waists, rise up for the land of your ancestors.
16:28Crush the Turkish people, fill your land with their corpses.
16:32Wide plains, deep valleys.
16:34Whether the appeal expressed in the poem received much of a response from the Bulgarian people is unknown.
16:41But the rebellion organized by the committee based in Bucharest began in central Bulgaria in April 1876.
16:49The discourse stated that the first goal of the uprising was the struggle for freedom of the oppressed peoples against the oppressive sultanate regime.
16:57As in other rebellions, it will be the Turks again.
17:04The rebels, gathered in the square of Panagürişte, also known as Otluk Village, one of the centers of the uprising,
17:21Led by Volo and Benkovski, they arrive near the government building.
17:26Meanwhile, the guards, unsuspecting of them, are relaxing on the benches in front of the government building, sunbathing.
17:36Perhaps the Grand Vizier's statement that "a few thugs won't make a difference" gave them this sense of complacency.
17:44Even the sound of gunfire coming from a nearby house didn't scare them.
17:48As a result of the rebels' gunfire, five or six Turks in the square were killed.
17:55The number of people killed in subsequent attacks by incited Bulgarian peasants quickly reached thousands.
18:03In the 19th century, where savagery was glorified, what hatred and racism did to humanity,
18:11Ivan Vazov describes it in his book Podigoto, meaning Under the Yoke, as follows.
18:22When the others came towards him, he was still unconscious and was brandishing his knife.
18:27It was like a bloodthirsty wild animal.
18:30The Turk who was still alive had now been reduced to a lifeless mass of flesh.
18:37Pools of blood had formed on the melting snow.
18:41Ogniyanov turned his head away from this ugly sight and thought to himself.
18:45This is a brutal revenge, but it is something justified in the eyes of God and in the conscience of man.
18:51Bloodlust, but a good sign.
18:54Bulgarians have been like sheep for 500 years.
18:57It's a good thing it turned into a wild animal now.
19:01People prefer wild goats to docile sheep, dogs to goats, and tigers to wolves or bears.
19:08They show more respect to birds of prey than to chickens, which are a good food source for them.
19:13From where?
19:13From now on, violence and its glorification will be the fundamental philosophy of the Bulgarian uprising.
19:29Similarly, in attacks aimed at provocation.
19:32Zahary Stoyanov, one of the leaders of the rebellion, wrote in his memoirs,
19:38They claimed that they attacked both Turkish and Bulgarian villages in order to create Turkish-Bulgarian animosity.
19:44They describe starting fires.
19:46Despite all the provocations and massacres,
19:56Failing to garner the expected public support, the rebellion was quickly suppressed.
20:02The rebels flee to the mountains.
20:04But now even the vast Balkans are no longer a safe place for them.
20:09While roaming the mountains, Voyvoda, Benkovski, and their group are betrayed by a Bulgarian cattle herder.
20:17All but two of the rebels are killed.
20:22Many Turks lost their lives during the rebellion.
20:25Many are forced to leave their villages.
20:29Similarly, many Bulgarians also lost their lives in the clashes that occurred during the rebellion.
20:35They have been displaced from their homes.
20:37In short, the rebellion benefited no one except the major powers.
20:52The rebellion started by separatist Bulgarians has been suppressed.
20:56However, the rebels in Batak are unaware of this.
21:01The violence and massacres that occurred during the uprising,
21:04In particular, the events that occurred in Batak and were exaggerated and brought to the public's attention,
21:10This would foreshadow much greater suffering, migrations, and also the end of the Ottoman Empire.
21:19In the next episode, we'll meet again at the Swamp Vortex, a historical turning point in Europe's view of the Ottomans and Turks.
21:28Goodbye.
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