00:00Apabila kita menggunakan waze, membuat panggilan telefon atau memindahkan wang secara dalam talian, kita jarang memikirkan tentang masa.
00:08Namun dalam dunia digital hari ini, ketetapan masa menjadi asas kepada hampir semua sistem teknologi modern.
00:18Dalam lawatan, laporan khas anjuran US Foreign Press Center bertajuk The Next Frontier,
00:24How American Innovation Powers Global Commerce, Estrawani meninjau pendidikan terkini di National Institute of Standards and Technology atau NIST
00:32yang sedang membangunkan generasi baru jam Atom bersaiz kecil.
00:36Berbeza dengan jam biasa, jam Atom menggunakan sifat semula jadi Atom untuk mengukur masa dengan ketepatan yang luar biasa.
00:44Teknologi ini menjadi tulang belakang kepada sistem GPS, telekomunikasi, satelit dan infrastruktur digital di seluruh dunia.
00:54untuk banyak dari modern teknologi modern.
00:56It's this kind of unseen backbone for a lot of things that we need in our modern life.
01:01So that includes things like the electric grid.
01:04You need to be able to synchronize signals that are coming so you can get power to the right places
01:09at the right time.
01:10And also you think about that power has to be able to step down from the power plant to a
01:15substation to your house.
01:16Financial transactions.
01:17By law, every financial transaction in the United States has to be timestamped, traceable to NIST.
01:26So when you think about things like the way our markets trade now, international markets,
01:31you are buying and selling sometimes thousands of shares in seconds.
01:37And all of those need to be timestamped so that you can sell something before someone else can buy it.
01:45Things like all of your telecommunications, all of the phones that you're using right now,
01:50all of our telecommunications networks rely on timing.
01:53This is how they synchronize with each other.
01:55This is how your cell phone hands off that signal to the next cell phone tower
01:59as you are driving down the road.
02:01And as William mentioned, GPS is probably one of those most visible applications
02:07for precise atomic clocks that we use in our day-to-day life.
02:12Penyedikan NIST kini sedang membangunkan jam atom yang jauh lebih kecil
02:16dan menjibatkan tenaga, membolehkan teknologi ini digunakan dalam peranti yang lebih meluas.
02:20Salah satu matlamatnya adalah untuk memastikan sistem navigasi dan komunikasi kekal beroperasi
02:25walaupun apabila isyarat GPS terganggu.
02:29Keupayaan ini dilihat penting untuk drone, kenderaan otonomi, pesawat dan misi angkasa lepas
02:34yang memerlukan ketempatan masa dan lokasi pada tahap sangat tinggi.
02:38...atoms, and those are what it works for starting in the 1950s.
02:41And this is just the smallest version of those clocks.
02:44Perfect.
02:44And now the current research for commercial clocks and new clock methodologies
02:49are based off of optical transitions.
02:51So instead of using like a radio to drive the condition, you use a laser.
02:55This also uses a laser, but it's probing a microwave condition.
02:58And so there's one specific atom, a thorium atom with a isotope number of 229
03:05which has an optically addressable nuclear transition.
03:10So that's a transition in the nucleus of the atom.
03:13And so those are being explored now.
03:15There's some work at CU Boulder and other places where those are being developed
03:18to potentially be the next generation of clock.
03:21Walaupun saiznya semakin kecil, impak jam atom terhadap kehidupan modern semakin besar.
03:27Daripada menentukan lokasi melalui GPS, sehingga menyelaraskan rangkaian komunikasi global,
03:32penyedekan di MISD menunjukkan bahawa masa mungkin merupakan salah satu sumber
03:37paling penting dan berharga dalam ekonomi digital masa depan.
03:41Najib Arof, Estrawani, Boulder, Colorado.
