00:12The 12 Elder Gods, the Titans, so nicknamed by their father Uranus, not as a symbol of
00:21power, but as a symbol of betrayal, ruled over the entire universe and everything that
00:28was in it when the world was still young, bringing forth the Golden Age.
00:34However, those who would end up showing more dominion and activity would be the children
00:41of these Elder Gods, known as the Younger Titans, the New Order of Gods, or Titans of
00:49the second generation.
01:19The End
01:24The Potomai
01:27The Potomai were 62 male beings and lesser deities of the rivers.
01:34Born of Oceanus and his wife Tethys, depicted as elders and surrounded by plants and animals,
01:42they represented each river known by the ancient Greeks.
01:49The Oceanids
01:51Sisters of the Potomai, the Oceanids were nymphs of the ocean.
01:57There were more than 3,000 of them, representing small masses of fresh water, like fountains, ponds and lakes.
02:07Cruza
02:09Conceived by Gaia and fathered by Oceanus, Cruza was born a fresh water nymph, endowed with great longevity, but cursed
02:19with mortality, and thus doomed to someday die, like all mortals do.
02:24She spent her days serving as a priestess in the temple of her mother Gaia.
02:32The Circapes
02:34Children of Thaea and Oceanus, the Circapes were two mischievous spirits, nasty, cheating and lying brothers.
02:45Although their names were not known for sure, they wanted the world doing only mischief.
02:52One day, they came across Herakles, better known to the public as Hercules, trying to steal the hero's weapons.
03:01Herakles caught the twins, tied them to a rope and carried them on his shoulder.
03:07But when they saw his ass, they made fun of him till the hero, greatly amused, could not help but
03:14let them go.
03:27Helios, the Sun
03:30Helios was a fine god, crowned with the sun's wreath.
03:34He drove a chariot pulled by solar balls across the sky every day to the ocean around the earth,
03:41and returned east at night to take over from his sister, Selene.
03:46A daily task, which they sometimes say was overtaken by Apollo, the beautiful Olympian god of light.
03:56Helios' sun, Phaeton, once tried to drive his cart and accidentally went off course, setting the entire earth on fire.
04:07Selene, the Moon
04:11Selene was depicted as a woman with great charm and attributes.
04:16Having a pale face, clad in robes, wearing a crescent on her head, carrying a torch, and driving a silver
04:25chariot pulled by a yoke of white oxen,
04:28she was in charge of not leaving mortals in the dark when her brother Helios was hiding on the horizon.
04:34She had many consorts, the most famous being the shepherd Endymion, who asked the god Hypnos to allow him to
04:44sleep with his eyes open,
04:46so he could see Selene every night for the rest of his life.
04:50Selene would later be replaced by the enchanting Olympian goddess Artemis.
04:56Selene's
04:57Eos
04:58The Dawn
05:00Eos opened the doors of Heaven so Helios could drive his chariot through the sky every day.
05:06Just like her siblings, she was a charming being, crowned with a tiara and sprouting
05:13huge long wings with white bird feathers.
05:29Leto, the light of night and day.
05:33With her sister Asteria, Leto was venerated as the goddess of the light of the night, and
05:40alternatively, of the light of the day.
05:43She was a mother of the pretty twins Apollo and Artemis.
05:49Asteria the Necromancer Asteria was initially a goddess of the Black
05:55Night, the Dark Rites, and Necromancy, all thanks to the secrets that her mother Phoebe
06:01had taught her.
06:03Poor Asteria met her end when she caught the eye of Zeus, who then tried to rape her.
06:09She escaped and transformed herself into a quail, jumping into the sea.
06:14But she could not swim, and so began to drown.
06:18When the sea gods saw this drowning quail, they transformed her into a floating island
06:24called Ortega.
06:26It is not known if this was done in help or in punishment.
06:29However, this island was used to hide Leto from the wrath of Hera when she was due to give
06:36birth to Zeus' offspring.
06:38After that, the island was anchored to the seabed by the sea gods.
06:45Lelanto the Invisible Lelanto was the titan of invisibility, and of the subtle breezes of
06:53the wind.
06:55Not much is known about this titan, as he barely appears in myths.
07:13Astraeos the Vague Astraeos is represented as an astrological
07:19deity, and perhaps the least known titan in Greek mythology, with no known features or attributes,
07:27and no myths surrounding him.
07:31Pallas the Wise Pallas was known as the titan of wisdom,
07:36He once had a strong, friendly relationship with Athena, the Olympian warrior goddess.
07:43Many other versions, but the most popular is the story where Pallas tried to rape Athena,
07:50so she killed him, skinned him, and made a shield with his skin.
07:55And that was the end of Pallas.
07:59Percy's the Destroyer
08:01The Fury of Percy swept away everything that was put in front of him.
08:08He represented destruction, the force of the storms, and the fury of the elements.
08:27Atlus, the one who endures Atlus was the titan of strength and endurance, who was condemned
08:36by Zeus to forever hold the sky on his shoulders very close to the garden of Hesperides.
08:43Atlus would later be turned into stone by Perseus when he showed him the head of Medusa, giving
08:50birth to the Atlas Mountains.
08:55Prometheus
08:57Prometheus was the titan friend of the mortals, honoured mainly for stealing fire from the gods
09:03and giving it to men for their use.
09:06Zeus would punish Prometheus for this by binding him to a rock for ages and creating Pandora,
09:14who would release all the plagues and evils to humanity.
09:20Epimetheus
09:23Unlike Prometheus, who could see the future, Epimetheus saw with delay things that had already
09:30happened.
09:32Both were benefactors of humanity, however, while Prometheus was known for his ingenuity
09:38and intelligence, Epimetheus was careless and unwise.
09:43It was he who married Pandora.
09:47Menosius
09:49Menosius was the titan of violent anger and rash actions, a trait which he passed on to
09:56mankind.
09:57He fought on the side of the elder titans, and so was equally defeated and banished to
10:04Tartarus by Zeus.
10:19Astria
10:21Like her mother, Astria was the upholder of equality in the world of men, and is represented
10:28as a winged goddess with a shining halo, carrying a torch and Zeus' rays.
10:36Astria
10:37The Horai
10:38The Horai were three goddesses of the seasons, the regular phases under which nature manifests
10:46itself.
10:47These were ministers of Zeus, kind and benevolent, bringing to gods and men many good and desirable
10:55things.
10:57The Moirai
11:00The Moirai were three goddesses of fate, who controlled all phases of life from birth, through
11:06life and finally to death.
11:08They wove the threads that described the duration of each mortal's life.
11:26Zeus mated with Mnemosyne, the elder titanide and goddess of memory, nine times in a row,
11:35giving birth to the nine muses.
11:38The nine muses were goddesses responsible for artistic inspirations.
11:44They came down to earth to whisper ideas and inspire those mortals who invoked them.
11:52Each one of them is related to an artistic and knowledge branch.
11:57Calliope
11:58The muse of eloquence, beauty, and epic or heroic poetry.
12:04Cleo
12:05The muse of history.
12:07Erato
12:08The muse of lyrical loving poetry.
12:12Euterpe
12:12The muse of the art of playing the flute.
12:16Malpomene
12:17The muse of tragedy.
12:20Polyhymnia
12:21The muse of sacred songs and sacred poetry.
12:24Thalia
12:26The muse of comedy and oral poetry.
12:29Terpsichore
12:30The muse of dance and choral poetry.
12:35And
12:35Urania
12:36The muse of astronomy, didactic poetry, and the exact sciences.
12:55The six Olympians rose to be the greatest of all titans and gods, greater than the elder gods themselves.
13:03They would overthrow the elder gods in the famous war of the Titanomachy to gain dominion over the universe, becoming
13:11the new rulers of the universe.
13:13Thus behold the six Olympians.
13:17Hestia
13:19Hestia
13:19Hestia was the goddess of the home and hearth, the one who rarely left Olympus and never interfered in the
13:26disputes of gods and men.
13:28Hestia
13:29The first one to whom offerings were made at banquets, even before Zeus.
13:35She was the goddess who in order to maintain peace on Olympus, swore upon Zeus' head to always remain a
13:43virgin.
13:45Hira
13:47Known for her violent and vengeful nature, Hira was the goddess of marriage and the queen of the gods.
13:55She was initially a loving and merciful goddess, who gradually turned bitter due to Zeus' incessant and outrageous infidelities.
14:04She turned her anger on Zeus' mistress and offspring, throwing some kind of twisted punishment at them whenever she could.
14:13Her most famous victim was the hero Heracles, whom she constantly punished till the end of his mortal days.
14:22Demeter
14:24Demeter was the Greek goddess of agriculture, the life-giving cycle of life and death.
14:30The bearer of the seasons, who made the lands blossom during spring, summer and autumn, and left them barren during
14:39the cold winter.
14:42Hades
14:44Hades was the god of the underworld, one of the big three and the most reserved of all the male
14:51gods.
14:51After winning the war against the titans, Zeus named him ruler of the underworld, as well as all things underground.
15:01He presided over the invisible kingdom, where the dead go after leaving the world.
15:09Poseidon
15:10Poseidon was the god of the seas and horses.
15:14He lived in the depths of the sea, where there is a kingdom of golden palaces.
15:19He could be both calm and violent alike, causing great havoc like floods or earthquakes with his trident whenever he
15:27was ignored or provoked.
15:31Zeus
15:33Zeus
15:34Zeus was the god of the skies and king of the gods.
15:38He led the Olympians to victory against the titans, presiding over the heavens afterwards.
15:45He married his beautiful sister Hera, but was never faithful to her, as he fathered many children with many different
15:53gods and mortal women alike.
15:56Zeus's lustful nature would put him in constant conflict with his powerful wife Hera, and as a result, endanger the
16:04lives of his lovers and bastard children.
16:09These are the titans of the second generation in Greek mythology.
16:14They would in turn bring forth powerful offspring, adding to a greater wealth of history and knowledge that would forever
16:20fascinate both the learned and the curious.
16:23After this
16:26The End
16:27The End
16:28The End
16:45Transcription by CastingWords
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