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Robert Mazur spent years working undercover as a money launderer for the international underworld. He learned that when you follow the drugs, you get drug dealers and drug users, but when you follow the money, the path can lead anywhere.
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00:01Transcrição e Legendas Pedro Negri
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01:29As far as the banks were concerned
01:31All money, criminal or not
01:33Was acceptable in the business
01:34Of making money with money
01:55Miami seems to have become
01:57Paradise Lost
01:58There were 36 murders around unincorporated
02:01Dade
02:01In a bloody 24-hour stretch
02:03Both Dade County and the city of Miami
02:05Set new homicide records
02:07Drugs and money
02:08They go hand in hand in South Florida
02:10Cocaine and marijuana sales through Miami
02:13Generate so much money
02:14That smugglers live
02:18At the start of the 80s
02:20Cocaine, the drug of choice for the wolves
02:23Of Wall Street, flooded into America
02:26Miami, the coastal city in Florida
02:28Which had formerly been the stronghold of contraband liquor
02:31During Prohibition
02:32Became the main gateway for this massive illegal trade
02:37The Colombian cartels had been the major winners
02:39In the gang wars
02:40And took control of this lucrative market
02:42Leaving a trail of corpses in its wake
02:45But there was always the same problem
02:47How to hide the money
02:55In sunny Florida
02:56Drug traffickers and money launderers
02:58Were as plentiful as palm trees
03:00To combat the problem
03:02The IRS Intelligence Division
03:04Partnered with U.S. Customs
03:06And a task force called Operation Greenback
03:09That went after drug money launderers
03:16The customs officer Robert Mazur
03:19Went to Florida
03:20On a mission to infiltrate the Medellin cartel
03:22Controlled by Pablo Escobar
03:26Robert Mazur
03:27Carefully crafted a new identity
03:29To enable him to reach the highest circles of organized crime
03:35I started walking around cemeteries
03:37Looking for a date of birth similar to mine
03:40Then I got the birth certificate
03:42Which would be the basis of my new identity
03:46I got a driving license
03:49Opened several bank accounts
03:50With checkbooks, savings and credit card accounts
03:55Once I'd created my profile
03:56Just needed to identify some targets
04:08After months of investigation
04:10Robert Mazur
04:12Now known as Bob Musala
04:13Used an informer to make contact
04:15With a Colombian stockbroker
04:17Who was close to the cartels
04:19Gonzalo Mora
04:25Robert Mazur went all out to woo him
04:27Trips in sports cars
04:28High-class restaurants
04:30Flights by private jet
04:32Gonzalo Mora was convinced
04:34That he was being introduced into high society
04:36And began to open up to him
04:40Mora didn't waste much time
04:42In talking to me about the BMPE
04:44The Black Market Pesos Exchange
04:47The money from the drugs trade
04:49Was placed in dollars
04:50At a foreign exchange agency in Miami
04:52And converted into pesos
04:53Via one of the many exchange agencies in Colombia
04:57In a further charm offensive
04:59Robert Mazur dangled his international finance contacts
05:03In front of Gonzalo
05:06Now the customs officer
05:07Just needed to find the ideal establishment
05:11As I cruised down Palm Lined Ashley Drive
05:14In downtown Tampa
05:15In a money green Mercedes 500 SEL
05:18Provided by customs
05:19A building containing the upscale offices
05:22Of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International
05:24Caught my eye
05:26BCCI
05:27And large gold letters glittered
05:28From the second story
05:30And screamed of overseas accounts
05:32So I called an officer
05:34And scheduled an appointment
05:36A few days later
05:38In a private conference room of that building
05:39The vice president of the Tampa branch
05:41Was grilling me
05:42About my business history and background
05:45I explained that my associates in Colombia
05:47Required absolute discretion
05:48And intended to send me funds periodically
05:51To invest for them in Florida real estate
05:53The VP agreed to open an account for me
05:56And he met with the bankers in Miami
06:00And said hi there
06:02You know I'm a drug dealer
06:04I've got a zillion dollars to launder
06:06How can you help me
06:07And they said you know welcome to the party
06:10That's what we do for a living
06:13And all of this case was beginning to develop
06:18Customs officer Robert Mazur
06:19Started to do business with BCCI
06:21The Bank of Credit and Commerce International
06:24The Pakistani bank had a carefully crafted image
06:28With glossy brochures
06:29Luxury offices
06:31And subsidiaries all over the world
06:32Creating a perfect facade
06:35Robert Mazur didn't know at this stage
06:37That BCCI
06:39Newly arrived in the U.S.
06:40Was a case study
06:41In fraudulent banking activity
06:45So as to attract potential Colombian clients
06:48The undercover agent studied
06:49The ins and outs
06:50Of the bank's operations
07:00Today I am sitting
07:02Before God
07:05And before you all
07:08Like a child
07:10The place of humility comes
07:12In what we call
07:14The technology
07:15Of the invisible
07:21The founder and guiding light
07:22Of the BCCI
07:24Was a Pakistani financier
07:25Agha Hassan Abedi
07:28When the bank was first founded
07:30It presented itself
07:31As a bank for the poor
07:32And for Muslims
07:33In what was then called
07:35The Third World
07:36It was difficult for people
07:40To do banking
07:41The access to financial services
07:43Was not always freely available
07:45To minorities
07:46Migrant communities
07:48Lower income
07:49And a lot of countries
07:52That couldn't get financing
07:53For trade
07:54And other activities
07:55Very easily
07:56Or in relatively good terms
07:58So BCCI was meant
08:00To be a global
08:03A genuinely global bank
08:04That would serve the underserved
08:10Now the way that bank
08:12Was put together
08:13Was really quite astonishing
08:15Well they created two corporations
08:17One was incorporated in Cayman
08:20And the other one
08:21Was incorporated in Luxembourg
08:28Abedi founded BCCI
08:30In Luxembourg in 1972
08:31The relatively recent tax haven
08:33Had just adopted
08:34Banking secrecy
08:35In order to revive
08:36Its economy
08:37Which was under threat
08:38Due to the decline
08:39Of its mining industry
08:41BCCI also established itself
08:43In the Cayman Islands
08:44The chain of Paradise Islands
08:46Formerly a safe haven
08:47For pirates
08:48Who went there
08:48To stash their treasure
08:49Is now a tax haven
08:51A member of the Commonwealth
08:52Regulated by British
08:53Banking laws
08:54The ultimate gauge
08:55Of stability for investors
09:00The Cayman Islands
09:01Also serve as a key hub
09:03For the cocaine trade
09:04Linking Colombia
09:05And Florida
09:06The local authorities
09:08Don't regulate
09:08Currency exchange at all
09:10Money deposited in dollars
09:12Can be converted
09:12Into pesos
09:13Or Swiss francs
09:15Depending on where
09:15The money needs to hide
09:19In 1975
09:20In a mirror image
09:21Of the Luxembourg operation
09:23BCCI registered a new headquarters
09:25In the Caribbean tax haven
09:28And Luxembourg lend money
09:30To buy the shares in Cayman
09:32And he had Cayman lend the money
09:36To buy the shares in Luxembourg
09:38There are now assets in both banks
09:40So they were off to the races
09:46Registering in tax havens
09:48And this was the first step
09:49Now they needed to create entities
09:51In the world's biggest cities
09:54BCCI opened its first offices
09:55Simultaneously in Abu Dhabi
09:57The hub for petrodollars
09:59At that time of oil crisis
10:00And in London
10:03But in the city
10:04The lack of transparency
10:06Of the financial background
10:07At BCCI
10:08Worried the regulators
10:09Who refused to give it
10:11A full banking operating license
10:12Never mind
10:13Aga Hassan Abedi
10:15Opened luxury offices
10:16A stone's throw
10:17From the Bank of England
10:18BCCI's seal gleamed
10:20In the hallowed halls of finance
10:21They were one of the most
10:23Aggressive banks
10:24In terms of lending
10:26To developing countries
10:27In terms of expanding
10:28International banking
10:29And in terms of developing
10:31International private banking
10:33For very, very wealthy individuals
10:36Including government officials
10:38So the game was
10:40That they had all these petrodollars
10:42Showing up in deposits
10:43What are we going to do with them?
10:45Well, they just opened the doors
10:46To anything that walked in
10:49In terms of trafficking
10:51In terms of drug dealing
10:53He didn't really care
10:53What the sources of income were
10:55So this became a real monster
11:02At the end of the 70s
11:03BCCI had 146 offices
11:06In 32 countries
11:08It was one of the first
11:09To establish a presence
11:10In communist China
11:11The great and the good
11:13Were fascinated by the bank
11:14For the underserved
11:15The chosen trophy target
11:17Was former U.S. President
11:19Jimmy Carter
11:19Known for his activism
11:21On behalf of the third world
11:22At the beginning of the 80s
11:24Abedi and Carter
11:25Traveled to Africa together
11:26To finance humanitarian projects
11:29What was Abedi doing
11:31When he hauled Carter
11:34All over Africa?
11:35He was trying to get
11:36These various governments
11:38To allow him to have
11:40Unlimited banking licenses
11:41He was making contact
11:44With high officials
11:45So that if there were
11:46Bribes to be paid
11:47Or anything to be done
11:48In the country
11:49It would be done
11:50Through his bank
11:51And he was also promoting
11:54This idea
11:55To create an aura
11:57Of invulnerability
11:59That this was
12:01The banker
12:02To the third world
12:03So they looked like
12:06A very big success story
12:13At the beginning of the 80s
12:15BCCI opened its first
12:16American agencies
12:17In Miami and Tampa
12:20Florida could barely cope
12:21With the money laundering
12:22Needs of the drugs trade
12:24It was at that precise moment
12:26That the undercover agent
12:27Robert Mazur
12:28Opened a first account
12:29At BCCI
12:30To draw in
12:31His Colombian clients
12:33As predicted
12:34His target
12:35Gonzalo Mora
12:36Fell into the trap
12:37And gave up the jewel
12:38In his address book
12:39A man with expensive tastes
12:41A great fan of Chagall
12:42Who was respectfully called
12:44The jeweler
12:47Roberto Alcaino
12:48One of Pablo Escobar's
12:50Main money launderers
12:55Alcaino had evaded
12:56U.S. Customs
12:56The DEA
12:57And the FBI
12:58He was one of the main actors
13:00In the international drugs trade
13:02And several investigations
13:03Had unsuccessfully targeted him
13:08A meeting was set up
13:10At the Bonaventure Hotel
13:11In Los Angeles
13:15When I arrived
13:16Alcaino wasted no time
13:18Telling me who he was
13:19He spoke English
13:20With a faint Chilean accent
13:23His confidence filled the room
13:25And he led the conversation
13:26As though he were conducting
13:28An orchestra
13:30So tell me
13:31What do you do
13:32He asked me sharply
13:35I walked him through
13:36My investment company
13:37My costume jewelry chain
13:39My brokerage firm
13:42I told him
13:43I could push their
13:43Doe profits
13:44Through my mortgage company
13:45So that they could be
13:46Returned to them
13:47As what looked like
13:47Loan proceeds
13:49It would not only
13:50Bulletproof their
13:51Financial affairs
13:52From the IRS
13:52It would create
13:54Camouflage
13:54For their real business
13:57A series of meals
13:59And private meetings
14:00Helped to convince
14:01Roberto Alcaino
14:03The undercover agent
14:04Robert Mazur
14:05Then opened a series
14:06Of accounts at BCCI
14:08For the Medellin cartel
14:10This is how the billions
14:11Of dollars
14:12From the cocaine trade
14:13Became mixed up
14:14With investments in Africa
14:15And with petrodollars
14:17In the Middle East
14:22The first part was complete
14:24And the undercover agent
14:25Robert Mazur
14:26Had penetrated
14:26The drug money networks
14:32On the other side
14:33Of the Atlantic
14:33A magistrate
14:35Was trying to do
14:35The same thing
14:36In reverse
14:50At the beginning
14:51Of the 80s
14:52Sicily was in the throes
14:54Of the worst mafia war
14:55In its history
14:58Dead bodies
14:58Were strewn
14:59Through the streets
15:00Of Palermo
15:00The word mafia
15:02Was whispered
15:02But any investigations
15:04Came to a dead end
15:08Omerta reigned
15:09Over Sicily
15:09An island
15:10Paralyzed by fear
15:19A Palermo magistrate
15:20Was on the verge
15:21Of changing
15:22The destiny of Italy
15:25Giovanni Falcone
15:26Had been working
15:26On a corruption trial
15:27For several years
15:31The city of Palermo
15:33In the grip
15:33Of a handful of developers
15:35Was an ugly concrete jungle
15:37Giovanni Falcone
15:38Targeted a highly visible entrepreneur
15:40Rosario Spatola
15:43This builder
15:43Had the good fortune
15:44To own almost half
15:45The property market
15:46In the city
15:46And to be the biggest
15:48Tax contributor
15:48In Sicily
15:52Rosario Spatola
15:53Started off
15:54As a street vendor
15:55Selling milk
15:56So he was from
15:57Quite a lowly background
15:58And he got into trouble
15:59With the law
16:00Because he even
16:01Watered the milk down
16:02And then suddenly
16:03He was at the head
16:04Of a construction company
16:05That was winning
16:06Big contracts
16:07And earning enormous sums
16:10And it raised questions
16:11About how he managed
16:13To climb so high
16:14So quickly
16:15And Falcone said
16:16That it was because
16:17There was a whole mafia
16:18Network behind him
16:19Links to politicians
16:20Which gave him access
16:22To public contracts
16:23And to the huge sums
16:24Of public money
16:25That was being spent
16:26On the south of Italy
16:29In the scope
16:30Of his investigation
16:30Into Rosario Spatola
16:32Giovanni Falcone
16:33Who specialised
16:34In compulsory liquidations
16:35Went to the Sicilian banks
16:37And went through everything
16:38Checks, debts
16:39And transfers
16:40With a fine-toothed comb
16:45As he followed the money
16:46Falcone came across
16:47A connection between
16:48The clans in Palermo
16:50Spatola
16:51And one of the Sicilian
16:52Mafia families
16:53In New York
16:54The bridgehead in the U.S.
16:55For the heroin trade
16:59I said to myself
17:00Look
17:01If they've sold drugs
17:03In North America
17:03They must have left
17:05Traces of their dealings
17:06With the Sicilian banks
17:09And that's what set me off
17:11On my first bank investigations
17:17He looked for checks
17:18That had been issued
17:19Money that had been deposited
17:21Money transfers
17:22He followed the money
17:24So he could show
17:25There were irregular dealings
17:26And that this money
17:27Was being moved around
17:28Because it wasn't intrinsically
17:30Linked solely
17:31To the construction sector
17:32To a legal activity
17:39With help from
17:40The anti-mafia squad
17:42Giovanni Falcone
17:43Got together enough evidence
17:44At the end of 1982
17:46To convict the developer
17:47Rosario Spatola
17:48And 70 members
17:50Of his associates
17:50Of money laundering
17:51For the mafia
17:56Giovanni Falcone
17:57Giovanni Falcone
17:57Relied heavily
17:58On a new law
17:59That had recently entered
18:00The Italian statute books
18:01The Piola Torre law
18:03A law that was written
18:04In blood
18:08In March 1980
18:09When the mafia war
18:10Was at its height
18:11A communist MP
18:12Piola Torre
18:14Submitted an anti-mafia law
18:15To the Italian parliament
18:16On April 30, 1982
18:19He was assassinated
18:20The day after his death
18:22General Dalla Chiesa
18:24An anti-terror expert
18:25Was appointed prefect of Sicily
18:27He was assassinated
18:28In turn
18:29On September 3rd
18:30The country was gripped
18:32By fear
18:32And politicians reacted
18:34To the public outcry
18:35The Piola Torre law
18:36Was voted in
18:37On September 29, 1982
18:39The word mafia
18:41Entered into the Italian penal code
18:43And Article 416
18:44Codified the offense
18:45Of belonging
18:46To a mafia organization
18:47Today it still remains
18:49A unique legal mechanism
18:50In the world of law
18:54From September 29, 1982
18:56We had a basic legal mechanism
18:59At our disposal
19:00Which we hadn't had before
19:01And which allowed
19:03For a heavy sentence
19:04Specifically linked
19:05To association
19:06With mafia-style criminals
19:08But which also allowed us
19:11To hit the mafia
19:11Where it hurts
19:13Namely
19:14In their wallets
19:15There was a real change
19:17In strategy
19:18By the Italian state
19:19With regard to its fight
19:20Against the mafia
19:24The Piola Torre law
19:26Hit the mafia
19:26In Sicily financially
19:27But the international
19:29Financial networks
19:30Of Cosa Nostra
19:30Were unaffected
19:34Giovanni Falcone
19:35Turned to the American
19:36Authorities
19:37And persuaded the FBI
19:39That transnational
19:40Legal cooperation
19:41Was the only way
19:42To hurt the mafia
19:47We went to the United States
19:48On numerous occasions
19:49Falcone felt at home
19:51In America
19:53Falcone was a sort
19:54Of superhighway
19:55Linking the Italian
19:56And American justice systems
19:57Against the mafia
20:00Falcone gave a good
20:01Impression of Italy
20:02We had exported the mafia
20:04To America
20:05For over a century
20:06But now Falcone
20:07Was exporting
20:08Anti-mafia methods
20:11And the Americans
20:13Showed that they
20:14Really appreciated
20:15This new collaboration
20:17And they were
20:18Really willing
20:19To help us
20:20Because they realized
20:21That it was in
20:22Their best interests
20:23Of their own fight
20:30In New York
20:31The Sicilian magistrate
20:33Uncovered the famous
20:34Pizza Connection Network
20:35Named after the pizzerias
20:37Where heroin was dealt
20:40As the months went by
20:41The anti-mafia squad
20:43And the FBI
20:44Discovered that
20:45The Sicilian-American mafia
20:46Moved their money
20:47In three ways
20:48Simple bank transfers
20:50Via accounts
20:52Managed by brokerage companies
20:53Who sent the money
20:54Towards shell companies abroad
20:57And of course
20:58In cash
21:01Suitcases full of it
21:03Were regularly transported
21:04On Swiss air flights
21:05With the helpful assistance
21:07Of some of the company's
21:08Transit agents
21:16Drug trade
21:17Equals money laundering
21:19It's unthinkable
21:20That the profits
21:21From the sale of narcotics
21:23Reach their beneficiaries
21:24Through legal channels
21:26These tasks are entrusted
21:28To international finance experts
21:29Who put themselves
21:31At the service
21:32Of organized crime
21:33In order to transfer
21:34Their illegal profits
21:35To welcoming countries
21:36Such as tax havens
21:37It's always difficult
21:39To track down
21:40These operations
21:42Money laundering
21:43Consists of cleansing
21:44The capital
21:45Of its illegal source
21:46And that requires
21:48Broad cooperation
21:49Between countries
21:50C'est là que j'ai commencé
21:55A travailler
21:56Sur l'argent de la mafia
22:03At this stage
22:04Carla del Ponte
22:05Wasn't yet a magistrate
22:06Of the future
22:07International criminal court
22:08Called on to judge
22:10Crimes against humanity
22:11She was a young prosecutor
22:13Living in Tessin
22:14The Italian-speaking
22:15Part of Switzerland
22:16Helping Giovanni Falcone
22:17To open doors
22:18To the Swiss banks
22:19Protected by banking
22:21Secrecy laws
22:23Switzerland was a bit like
22:25The mafia's personal safe
22:27They arrived in Switzerland
22:29Sometimes with suitcases
22:30And they made their deposits
22:32No one asked them
22:34Where the money came from
22:35If it was dirty money
22:36Or not
22:38Not at all
22:39It was just money
22:40And money has no smell
22:51I asked the Swiss authorities
22:53If I could consult
22:54Their documentation
22:56Authorization was granted
22:57But the three target accounts
22:59Were immediately emptied
23:00I continued my investigation
23:02And discovered
23:03That the money
23:04Had been transferred
23:04To the account
23:05Of a Panamanian company
23:06Which had divided
23:07The money between
23:08A bank in New York
23:09And one in Montreal
23:11Then the dollars appeared
23:13In the account of a company
23:14Based in Guernsey
23:14In Great Britain
23:16And from there
23:17They went back to Switzerland
23:19To a bank
23:19Just next door
23:20To the first one
23:22A new request
23:23For cooperation
23:24Was sent to the Swiss authorities
23:26Which was once again authorized
23:27Their incredible journey
23:29Was finally ended
23:30By a Swiss prosecutor
23:31Who decided to impound the funds
23:34I decided to block the money
23:37He gave me the trail
23:38Which helped me find the money
23:41We managed to get the bank's cooperation
23:43Because they didn't like
23:45Negative publicity
23:47And it was bound to get out
23:49At some point
23:52So they said
23:53We'll have to work
23:54With the legal authorities
23:56So that they didn't get caught
23:58With the money
23:59In fact
24:00They didn't want this money
24:01Even though they had enjoyed
24:02The benefits of it
24:03For many years
24:09Without the help of the magistrates
24:11And the Swiss authorities
24:12I couldn't have carried out
24:14My instructions
24:15Contrary to what you might think
24:16Switzerland is one of the easiest
24:18Countries to work with
24:20Because it realized
24:21That mafia money
24:22Meant that sooner or later
24:23It would end up with mafia types
24:25And mafia methods
24:27In their own country
24:32In Palermo
24:33In his bunker under the courthouse
24:35Giovanni Falcone
24:36Was gathering together
24:37The pieces of an enormous jigsaw
24:39One by one
24:42I remember Giovanni Falcone's office
24:44Being literally covered in checks
24:47And copies of checks
24:49That he'd assembled
24:51He was great at that
24:52It wasn't the only thing
24:54He was good at
24:55But that especially
24:56Great at piecing together
24:58Relationships and contacts
25:00Which flowed from the movement
25:01Of these bank checks
25:02And it was one of the turning points
25:04Linked to what is now
25:06Commonly called
25:06The Falcone method
25:12The Falcone method
25:14Segui i soldi
25:15Or follow the money
25:16Is the key to the whole process
25:19But Giovanni Falcone
25:20Had an even more important insight
25:22To his mind
25:23It wasn't that there was
25:25A drugs mafia
25:26A waste management mafia
25:28Extortion and prostitution
25:29It was that the mafia
25:31Operated as one single entity
25:33On an international level
25:35One event
25:36Was to prove him right
25:39In 1983
25:40Tomas de Boucheta
25:41One of Cosa Nostra's
25:43Men of Honor
25:43And a major player
25:44In the drugs trade
25:45Between Europe and America
25:46Was arrested in Brazil
25:51I met Boucheta
25:52For the first time in Brazil
25:54He'd just been arrested
25:55The boss of two worlds
25:57Gave evasive answers
25:58To the questions
25:59My Brazilian colleague asked him
26:01Then he said to me
26:02Your Honor
26:04I would need more than one night
26:06To answer your questions
26:10Then Boucheta
26:11Said to me quite frankly
26:12I don't think that the Italian state
26:14Really intends to fight the mafia
26:17And I'm warning you
26:18Your Honor
26:20That you'll doubtless become famous
26:22After interrogating me
26:23But they'll try to destroy you physically
26:26And they'll do the same to me
26:29Don't forget that the account
26:30You're opening with Cosa Nostra
26:32You can't ever close it again
26:34Do you still want to question me?
26:39In July 1984
26:40Tomas de Boucheta
26:42Arrived at Palermo Airport
26:43In handcuffs
26:44He would be questioned by Falcone
26:46For 45 days straight
26:47And would give him
26:48The missing pieces of the jigsaw
26:53Boucheta provided us
26:55With a comprehensive account
26:57Of the mafia's
26:58Organizational structure
26:59He explained the territorial divisions
27:02Within the families
27:03The hierarchical setup
27:05And the committee overseeing
27:07Cosa Nostra's illicit operations
27:11His revelations
27:13Essentially tore down
27:15The notorious wall
27:16Of Omerta
27:17Shedding light
27:19On the true nature
27:20Of the organization
27:26Cosa Nostra
27:26Tomas de Boucheta
27:27Was soon joined
27:28By other repentant criminals
27:30Their revelations
27:31Were really helpful
27:32The money the mafia
27:34Had accumulated
27:35Was more than anyone
27:36Could imagine
27:37Cosa Nostra
27:38Had never been so wealthy
27:47In the United States
27:48The customs official
27:49Robert Mazur
27:50Noticed that the
27:52Colombian cartels
27:53Had also increased
27:54Their operations
27:54To an industrial scale
27:57In one of our meetings
27:58Roberto Alcaino
27:59Talked about their
28:00New York operations
28:01Launched into the numbers
28:03Some of the big boys
28:04Are coming here
28:05With 3,000 units
28:06Kilos of coke
28:07Every 10 days
28:08So let's say
28:099,000 units per month
28:11Around 50 tons a year
28:12You're talking over
28:13600-700 million dollars a year
28:15So when you're talking
28:16About a profit of 40%
28:18From 600 million
28:19You're talking about
28:20240 million a year profit
28:23240 million dollars
28:24In 1980
28:25Is roughly
28:25900 million dollars
28:27In today's money
28:28Just for the
28:29New York area
28:31The income
28:32From the drugs trade
28:33Was so high
28:34That there was always
28:35A need to find
28:36New ways of
28:36Disposing of the money
28:39Robert Mazur
28:40Reported back to Alcaino
28:41What he had discussed
28:42With the director
28:43Of the BCCI
28:44In Tampa, Florida
28:48The director said to me
28:49In the past
28:50We've often helped
28:51Clients transfer their funds
28:52To our subsidiary
28:53In Grand Cayman
28:54But I don't recommend
28:54That anymore
28:55Because there's been
28:56A treaty with
28:57The American tax authorities
28:58Which allows Washington
29:00To obtain our bank statements
29:03Now we recommend
29:05That our clients
29:05Place their money
29:06Where the United States
29:07Can't track it
29:09In our new subsidiary
29:10In Panama
29:19Roberto Alcaino
29:20Understood that having
29:21An American nominee
29:22In Panama
29:23To move the drug money
29:24Around was a big advantage
29:25And a guarantee
29:26Of invisibility
29:29What's more
29:30Panama was a country
29:32Where the Colombian cartels
29:33Already had a powerful
29:34Logistical platform
29:35For moving cocaine
29:36To the United States
29:39Geography and history
29:40Would appear
29:41To prove Roberto Alcaino
29:42Correct
29:44Panama shares a border
29:45With Colombia
29:46And its canal
29:47Links the Pacific
29:48And the Atlantic
29:48It's also a key
29:50Commercial gateway
29:51And a strategic pivot
29:52In power relations
29:53Between the United States
29:55And Latin America
30:01Panama was a creation
30:03Of Wall Street
30:04And American business
30:07End of story
30:08Panama was part of Colombia
30:12Panama's independence
30:13Was declared in New York
30:15Two days before it happened
30:18Since independence
30:19In 1903
30:20All foreign depositors
30:22Were exempt from tax
30:23Under Panama's banking laws
30:24Which had been dreamt up
30:26By attorneys on Wall Street
30:27In Panama City
30:29There was no control
30:30Over financial transactions
30:32The cornerstone
30:34Of this system
30:34Was Panama's
30:35Strongman leader
30:36Former head
30:37Of the Secret Service
30:38General Manuel Noriega
30:41Noriega had a finger
30:42In every pie
30:43He was an ally
30:44Of Washington
30:45In the fight
30:46Against communist
30:46Subversion
30:47In Latin America
30:48A man who secretly
30:49Worked for the CIA
30:51He was also a man
30:53Who had worked
30:53For several years
30:54Hand in hand
30:55With the Medellin cartel
30:56When the Reagan administration
30:58Launched its great crusade
31:00Its war on drugs
31:01In the mid-80s
31:02Noriega was on the horns
31:04Of a dilemma
31:04He passed information
31:06To the DEA
31:07The American Drug Agency
31:08But in his own
31:09Unique way
31:14On the one hand
31:15He's telling the U.S.
31:17Look at me
31:18I'm going to help you
31:19With the drug traffickers
31:20On the flip side
31:22He's in effect
31:24Helping the drug traffickers
31:25And so it went
31:29Noriega only informed
31:30The DEA
31:31About the enemies
31:32Of the Medellin cartel
31:34He encouraged
31:35Pablo Escobar
31:36To set up shell companies
31:37In the Bahamas
31:38And the Cayman Islands
31:39And to take out
31:40Major shareholdings
31:41In two Panamanian banks
31:43In Panama
31:44Noriega's wealth
31:45And that of the Medellin cartel
31:47Didn't go unnoticed
31:48By the BCCI
31:52BCCI
31:53Were among many banks
31:55That were pursuing
31:56Marlon Noriega
31:57As a client
31:58He was someone
32:00Who was working
32:00With the United States
32:01Panama was an ally
32:03Of the United States
32:05Having a head of states
32:07Account
32:08Is in fact
32:09A positive achievement
32:10From the point of view
32:11Of the bank
32:12Came a moment
32:13When Panama
32:15Got into trouble
32:16Because they were
32:16Repatriating too much money
32:18To the U.S.
32:20So we were told
32:22That there was
32:23A meeting
32:23Of the Panamanian bankers
32:26Who wanted to figure out
32:28What to do
32:28About all of this cash
32:30That was flooding
32:31Into the country
32:31So they could still
32:33Do business
32:33With the Federal Reserve
32:35And what they concluded
32:37And what they concluded
32:37Was they had to sell
32:38The currency
32:39To the Swiss
32:40And once a week
32:42There was a cargo flight
32:43From Panama City
32:44To Zurich
32:46Loaded with American dollars
32:48Coming from the drug traffickers
32:50In Panama
32:54But Noriega was too important
32:56To the Americans
32:57And was untouchable
32:58In the last years
33:00Of the Cold War
33:01Neighboring Nicaragua
33:02Joined Cuba
33:03In the socialist camp
33:05Ronald Reagan's America
33:07Wanted to liquidate
33:08This regime
33:08At all costs
33:09So the CIA
33:11Secretly financed
33:12The counter-revolutionary
33:13Guerrillas
33:14The Contras
33:15Noriega put his networks
33:17At the disposal
33:18Of American intelligence
33:20He cuts a deal
33:22With American
33:25Intelligence people
33:26To be the supplier
33:28To the Contras
33:30He's going to send them
33:31Arms and ammunition
33:32Even though it's prohibited
33:34Under U.S. law
33:35He's going to take care of them
33:37The bad news is
33:39He was also
33:40Selling arms
33:42To the government
33:44So he's supplying
33:45Both sides
33:46Of the civil war
33:49Noriega was
33:50Systematically engaging
33:51In a double game
33:52Convinced that the Americans
33:54Wouldn't take action
33:55Against him
33:55And with good reason
33:57Because the drug
33:58Transportation networks
33:59Were the same networks
34:01Through which the CIA
34:02Was arming the Contras
34:03In Nicaragua
34:04God knows how much
34:07In the way of
34:08Cash in
34:10Coke out
34:11Arms in
34:12Arms out
34:14It was a centre
34:15For every form
34:16Of illegal business
34:18You can imagine
34:22That is where also
34:23BCCI shows up
34:25As one of the banks
34:26That were used
34:27To finance this
34:28And the money
34:29Would be
34:31Laundered
34:31Through the system
34:33Of jurisdictions
34:35That would not
34:35Open their books
34:37Very easily
34:37Or at all
34:39In order for the money
34:40To end up
34:41Supporting the Contras
34:47By helping to support
34:48The Nicaraguan Contras
34:49The BCCI
34:51Believed it had
34:51Acquired respectability
34:52In the eyes
34:53Of the Americans
34:54And in further good news
34:56The BCCI obtained
34:58A full banking
34:58Operating license
34:59In the United Kingdom
35:02Aga Hassan Abedi
35:04Was riding the crest
35:05Of a wave
35:06And enjoyed
35:06International recognition
35:11In Italy
35:12The invisible world
35:13Was about to be
35:14Dragged from the shadows
35:15And into the spotlight
35:21In February 1986
35:22The maxi trial
35:24Of Cosa Nostra
35:25Began in Palermo
35:26After three years
35:28Of investigation
35:28Involving coordination
35:29With Switzerland
35:30And the United States
35:31The anti-mafia squad
35:33Had drawn up
35:34An indictment
35:348,000 pages long
35:36The courtroom
35:37Was an anti-missile bunker
35:38Constructed within the prison
35:41475 mafiosi
35:42Were behind bars
35:47Tomaso Bucetta
35:48Whose family
35:49Had been decimated
35:49By the Corleone clan
35:50Was in the witness box
35:52For several days
35:53Without a break
35:53The mafioso
35:55Also appeared
35:56In the other
35:56Big Cosa Nostra trial
35:57The Pizza Connection trial
35:59In New York
36:01After 17 months
36:02Of hearings
36:03It was established
36:04That the mafia
36:04Had imported heroin
36:05To the value
36:06Of 1.6 billion dollars
36:08Into the United States
36:10After these lengthy trials
36:12Switzerland
36:12Also followed suit
36:16We had the Pizza Connection trial
36:18In Lugano
36:19Which was in fact
36:20One of the most difficult trials
36:22Because we didn't have enough
36:24Of a legal basis
36:25For linking the money
36:26To drugs
36:28By that
36:29I mean
36:29The responsibility
36:30Of the fiduciaries
36:31Or those that take care
36:33Of all that money
36:36We still managed
36:37In part
36:38To get convictions
36:41But it was one of the hardest trials
36:44I've ever known
36:45To try to establish
36:46The legal arguments
36:47For money laundering
36:52This unusual alliance
36:53Between European
36:54And American judges
36:55Resulted in an historic vote
36:58In 1986
36:58When Congress passed a law
37:00Declaring drug money laundering
37:02A federal crime
37:07We were able to confiscate the money
37:09But above all
37:11It enabled us
37:12To convict the suspects
37:13Who managed this money
37:14Who were responsible for it
37:19This was an extremely important aspect
37:23This financial trail
37:25Ended up with the criminalisation
37:27Of money laundering
37:28The 86 law
37:29In the United States
37:30And then the adoption
37:31Of a similar policy
37:32From 88 onwards
37:33By the majority
37:35Of OECD countries
37:37We realised
37:38That tracking this money
37:39This dirty money
37:40Was in effect
37:42A way of hitting
37:42The criminal organisations
37:44Financially
37:46But that also implied
37:48Ending banking secrecy
37:49And convincing the tax havens
37:52That while their activities
37:54Were legal
37:54In terms of their own sovereignty
37:58They were also a channel
38:00For dirty money
38:00Or activities
38:02At the very outer limit
38:04Between legal
38:05And illegal activity
38:08Where does tax optimisation end
38:10And tax evasion begin
38:12Just as we were putting
38:14Anti-money laundering policies
38:15In place
38:16There was a big increase
38:18In techniques
38:19That enabled this money laundering
38:25There was an explanation
38:27For the big increase
38:28In money laundering
38:29Financial deregulation
38:31On October 27th 1986
38:34The London Stock Exchange
38:36Launched the financial Big Bang
38:39The market was totally computerised
38:42The movement of capital
38:44Was more liberalised
38:45Than ever before
38:46Foreign financial establishments
38:48Were now authorised
38:49To trade in securities
38:50In the city
38:53The world was changing
38:54From industrial capitalism
38:55To financial capitalism
38:57In which banks
38:58And markets
38:58Would move huge sums of money
39:01Disproportionate
39:01To the real economy
39:07This shift towards deregulation
39:09Was the biggest ever seen
39:11In modern history
39:11And was the legacy
39:13Margaret Thatcher
39:14Left to the world
39:15The major financial centres
39:16Of the world
39:17London, Tokyo, New York
39:19And Hong Kong
39:20Were permanently connected
39:21And the stock exchange
39:22Would never sleep again
39:28Ronald Reagan was not to be outdone
39:30He accelerated deregulation
39:33By giving foreign investors
39:34Access to U.S. treasury bonds
39:38These bonds became the secure asset
39:40Of the entire world
39:41As they could be traded
39:43Without risk at any time
39:44These treasury bonds
39:46Acted as an international currency
39:48For anyone who held them
39:50The Thatcher-Reagan financial revolution
39:52Benefited one major criminal organization
39:55At the heart of the banking system
39:56Of the only country in the world
39:58Where money seemed to print itself
40:00The economic miracle that was
40:04Japan
40:14In the mid-80s
40:15Japan's success
40:16Was admired and feared
40:18In equal measure
40:20Japan was a country of savers
40:22And was the world's
40:22Premier creditor country
40:24Seven of the world's
40:25Largest banks were Japanese
40:26And the largest of those
40:28Nomura
40:28Was bigger than the top five
40:30American banks
40:32Japan cornered the market
40:34In technological innovation
40:35Economic performance
40:36Banking power
40:37And social cohesion
40:38But as with everything
40:40There was a downside to this
40:42Which was excessiveness
40:56On May 5th, 1986
40:58The Anagawa Kai
41:00One of the main branches
41:01Of Yakuza
41:02The Japanese mafia
41:03Appointed as its chief
41:04An elderly man
41:05Who had just been released
41:06From prison
41:07Hishi Susumu
41:09The ceremony was attended
41:10By politicians
41:11TV stars
41:12Bankers
41:13The bosses of big businesses
41:14As well as
41:16By the main Yakuza families
41:17At the height of the period
41:18Of financial deregulation
41:20A wave of property speculation
41:22Swept over Japan
41:23And the Yakuza
41:24Fully intended to benefit
41:25From the resulting
41:26Property bubble
41:28Ishi Susumu
41:29Is credited as being the father
41:31Of the modern day Yakuza
41:33Or of the Keiza Yakuza
41:35Keiza Yakuza means economic
41:37The economic Yakuza
41:38He's the one who said
41:39From now on
41:40Every Yakuza needs to get up
41:41In the morning
41:42And read the financial newspapers
41:43The stuff about
41:45The Yakuza being samurai
41:46Or ninja
41:47Or firefighters
41:48I think is mostly bullshit
41:50They've always been businesses
41:51And they've always been businesses
41:53About helping themselves
41:56In the midst of the speculative bubble
41:58That had Japan in its grip
42:00The Yakuza chief
42:01Hishi Susumu
42:02Invested heavily in property
42:04In big companies
42:05Listed on the stock exchange
42:06Like Nippon Steel
42:07And in a whole host of companies
42:09In Japan and abroad
42:13Ishi Susumu was a gambler
42:14I mean he spent his whole life
42:16As a gambler
42:16He once said
42:17The Japanese stock market
42:19Is like a casino
42:20And if we wanted to
42:22We could be the house
42:23And the house always wins
42:26The term Yakuza
42:28Means a losing hand
42:29In a game of chance
42:33The Yakuza originated
42:34From long lines
42:36Of thieves
42:36And foreign minorities
42:37That were marginalized
42:38As street vendors
42:39And members of gambling dens
42:42The Yakuza had always
42:43Been close to power
42:45And had established themselves
42:46Since the end of the war
42:47As a pro-fascist
42:49Nationalist militia
42:50At the emperor's right hand
42:52The Yakuza provide money
42:53And support to create
42:54Japan's leading political party
42:56And the Yakuza of course
42:57Help out the liberal democratic party
42:58Because the liberal democratic party
43:00Had a tacit agreement
43:01That we'll leave you alone
43:02We won't have a crackdown on you
43:03We won't have organized crime laws
43:05The Yakuza have their place
43:08In society
43:09They had their names
43:11On office doors
43:12They published
43:13Their own magazines
43:14They were sort of
43:16An above ground underground
43:18Their revenue streams
43:20Are construction
43:22Extortion
43:24Blackmail
43:26Bid rigging
43:27Real estate
43:29Evicting people
43:30From their property
43:31Fraud
43:32And drugs
43:35Hishi Susumu
43:36Was the head
43:37Of the Inakawa Kai
43:38Which had more than
43:3910,000 members
43:40And he used this
43:41To pressurize
43:42Nomura Bank
43:43To vouch for him
43:43In the world of business
43:46In less than 5 years
43:47The Yakuza boss
43:48Had amassed
43:49An estimated fortune
43:50Of 4 billion dollars
43:51He considered himself
43:53One of the leading lights
43:54Of the Tokyo Stock Exchange
43:55He was now
43:56The Zaytek Yakuza
43:57The mafia financial wizard
44:01Yakuza pay taxes
44:04And you know
44:05The fact that
44:05That revenue
44:06May be legal
44:08Or illegal
44:10The tax agency
44:11Is like
44:11Well we get our
44:12We get our taxes
44:13They haven't violated
44:13The tax laws
44:14I mean that's crazy
44:15But that's
44:16That's how it is
44:16In Japan
44:18You don't need
44:19To launder your money
44:20You just need
44:21To put it
44:21In the company
44:22Bank account
44:23Or if your company
44:24Bank account
44:25Is you know
44:25So suspect
44:26You just funnel it
44:28To another
44:29Like City Bank
44:30Got their asses
44:31Kicked by the
44:31Financial services agency
44:32Several times
44:34Because they just
44:35Didn't care
44:36For many years
44:37Japanese banks
44:38Knew that their
44:39Customers were Yakuza
44:40I mean
44:41You know
44:41Yakuza bosses
44:42And they don't care
44:45They were speculating
44:47At the highest levels
44:49Of Japanese investment
44:50They were part of
44:52The high tech
44:52Companies emerging
44:55In Japan
44:56They became a source
44:57Of capital
44:58For other
44:58Japanese companies
45:00And this is from
45:02An industry of
45:02Loan sharks
45:03You have to understand
45:05What's happening here
45:06The chamber of commerce
45:09Of Japan
45:10Was becoming
45:12Increasingly
45:13Criminalized
45:14As the national
45:15Police agency
45:15Said the Yakuza
45:16Have infiltrated
45:17The stock markets
45:18Financial markets
45:19Of Japan
45:20So much
45:21That it threatens
45:22The very basic
45:23Economic foundations
45:24Of our country
45:25You know
45:26Organized crime
45:27Is parasitical
45:28It is not
45:29A force of production
45:31It is taking away
45:33From production
45:34It acts as
45:35An invisible tax
45:38Susumu invested
45:39In Macau
45:40Hong Kong
45:41And South Korea
45:42The mafia boss
45:44Organized business trips
45:45In Latin America
45:46Stopped off
45:46At the carnival
45:47In Rio
45:48And was granted
45:49An audience
45:49With Manuel Noriega
45:50In Panama
45:52He had
45:53Wonderful political relations
45:55The Inagalakai
45:57Did businesses
45:58With the Bush family
46:01At the end of the 80s
46:02Susumu alone
46:03Accounted for a quarter
46:05Of the entire wealth
46:06Accumulated by the
46:07Yakuza syndicates
46:11But during a trip to Mexico
46:12In 1991
46:13Two dark clouds appeared
46:15He was diagnosed
46:17With a brain tumor
46:18And when he returned
46:19To Japan
46:20Confined to a wheelchair
46:21The property bubble burst
46:31At the same time
46:33One event would be
46:34Responsible for the loss
46:35Of BCCI
46:36And its figurehead
46:37Aga Hassan Abedi
46:39At the end of the 80s
46:41The biggest political scandal
46:43Of the Reagan years
46:43Erupted
46:44Iran Gate
46:45A senior officer
46:47Of the Iranian
46:47Revolutionary Guard
46:48Revealed to a Libyan
46:50Newspaper
46:50How arms were being sold
46:52By Washington
46:53To Iran
46:53To finance the Contras
46:55In Nicaragua
46:56Congress immediately
46:58Opened an investigation
46:59The attorney
47:00Jack Bloom
47:01Was in charge
47:02Of this investigation
47:03And he discovered
47:04In the piles
47:04Of seized documents
47:05And confidential reports
47:07Evidence linking
47:08Manuel Noriega
47:09And the BCCI
47:10There was
47:11In the end
47:13A seizure
47:14Of an incredible
47:15Treasure trove
47:16Of documents
47:17Relating to the bank's
47:18Activities
47:19And it was such
47:21A massive treasure trove
47:23That nobody could
47:24Actually mine
47:25The whole thing
47:26To figure out
47:27All of the different
47:28Criminal things
47:29That had gone on
47:32The congressional inquiry
47:33Was then entrusted
47:34To the New York
47:35Prosecutor
47:36Robert Morgenfau
47:37Son of Henry
47:38Morgenfau
47:39One of the architects
47:40Of the Glass-Steagall Act
47:46New York is the
47:47Financial capital
47:49Of the world
47:50On a quiet day
47:51Three and a half
47:52Trillion dollars
47:53Goes through here
47:56So it's a natural place
47:57To loan a drug money
47:58Because you can put
47:59Ten, twenty
48:00Thirty million dollars
48:01Into that stream
48:02And it doesn't even
48:04Make a blip
48:05On the computer screen
48:06The inquiry into BCCI
48:08Gave Robert Morgenfau
48:10A major problem
48:10The Republican
48:12Administration was
48:12Doing everything it
48:13Could to sweep the
48:14Affair under the
48:15Carpet
48:15But Morgenfau
48:17Had an ace in his
48:18Hand
48:18Robert Mazur's
48:19Undercover operation
48:20Was reaching its
48:21Conclusion
48:22In Florida
48:23The customs officer's
48:24Work was about to
48:25Result in an
48:25Historic haul
48:26Robert Mazur
48:27Had become very close
48:28To members of the
48:29Medellin cartel
48:30And the bosses
48:31Of the BCCI
48:32And when he
48:32Organized his
48:33Fake wedding
48:34He naturally
48:35Invited all his
48:36New friends
48:38In the billowing
48:39White canopy
48:40Of a tent
48:40On the lawn
48:41A scarlet carpet
48:43Divided 250 chairs
48:44Leading to an altar
48:45Decorated with roses
48:47From Columbia
48:49Dozens of Boston ferns
48:51Sat atop the Greek
48:52Columns offering
48:53Privacy for the ceremony
48:56Dozens of condos
48:58Laid in wait
48:58Stocked with wine
49:00And spirits
49:00All on the
49:02Government's tab
49:06Around 50 American
49:08Agents were
49:08Among the guests
49:09Posing as friends
49:11And family members
49:15The net was closing in
49:21During the ceremony
49:23All the guests
49:24Were arrested
49:25Among them
49:26Roberto Alcaino
49:28Pablo Escobar's
49:29Money launderer
49:30As well as
49:31Nine senior managers
49:32Of the BCCI
49:36It was the first
49:37Big money laundering
49:38Scandal since
49:39The introduction
49:40Of the law
49:40In 1986
49:43Robert Morgenthau
49:45Was able to make
49:45Use of this
49:46Spectacular raid
49:47To close the
49:48BCCI file
49:49In July 1991
49:51The bank was
49:52Officially shut down
49:53A major first
49:54In the history
49:55Of finance
49:59So on Friday afternoon
50:02After the closure
50:03Of the markets
50:03The Bank of England
50:06Federal Reserve
50:07The Institut Monétaire
50:09Luxembourgeois
50:09Took a coordinated action
50:12And closed BCCI
50:13Globally
50:16The BCCI
50:17Left behind
50:18A debt
50:18Of 20 billion dollars
50:20Its bankruptcy
50:21Resulted in more
50:22Than 3,000
50:22Legal proceedings
50:23Throughout the world
50:25BCCI tells you
50:26Something about
50:26How the world works
50:29It became
50:30A mirror
50:31Of global evil
50:32It showed us
50:34How the good
50:35And the bad
50:36The big business
50:37And the small
50:38Intelligence services
50:40Crooks
50:42Kleptocrats
50:42Legitimate organisations
50:46Businesses
50:46All interfaced
50:48Interacted
50:49In this world
50:51But what it tells you
50:52Is that many others
50:53Are contributing
50:54And we haven't
50:56Touched them
50:56We have not
50:57Investigated them
50:58By simply going
51:00After one facilitator
51:02And taking out
51:04Only some of
51:05The responsible players
51:06Because some of
51:07The big players
51:07Did not have to
51:09Answer for what
51:09They did
51:13Following the fall
51:14Of the Berlin Wall
51:15And the collapse
51:16Of the Soviet Union
51:17Manuel Noriega
51:18Went from being
51:19A major player
51:19In the Cold War
51:20To being somewhat
51:21Of an embarrassment
51:22For the United States
51:23A relic
51:24From another era
51:25It was time
51:26To get rid of him
51:28Noriega was reduced
51:29To silence
51:29And kept the
51:30BCCI's secrets
51:32But the bank
51:33Harboured further
51:34Secrets still
51:35It was a CIA bank
51:37It was a KGB bank
51:38It was a Mossad bank
51:40It was an Iranian bank
51:43It was you name it
51:44Everybody discovered
51:47That this was
51:48A very useful tool
51:51Because boy
51:52They'd do anything
51:53For you
51:53And all you had to do
51:54Was ask
51:55And pay the fee
52:04The BCCI
52:05Played a major role
52:06In Secret Service
52:07Operations
52:07Throughout the Cold War
52:09And as the
52:10Congressional inquiry
52:11Started by Jack Bloom
52:12Revealed
52:13One of the main actors
52:14Miraculously managed
52:15To slip through the net
52:19Kamal Adam
52:20The architect
52:21Of the Saudi
52:21Secret Services
52:22Had been involved
52:23In vast criminal networks
52:25Since the creation
52:25Of the BCCI
52:28Kamal Adam
52:29Was for a long time
52:30In the service
52:30Of the CIA
52:31And being well connected
52:33In Washington
52:33Was able to organize
52:35The BCCI's purchase
52:36Of an American bank
52:37He was also
52:39A major shareholder
52:40In a London-based company
52:41That laundered money
52:42For the Colombian cartels
52:46The CIA intended
52:47To protect this man
52:49Who had the ear
52:49Of the major leaders
52:50In the Middle East
52:51In the same way
52:52They protected anyone
52:53Who was working
52:54In the interest
52:54Of the Americans
52:56During the inquiry
52:57Into the BCCI
52:58Kamal Adam
52:59Was never troubled
53:00By the authorities
53:01To go after him
53:02Would be to go
53:03Against the national interest
53:07So not full justice
53:08Was done even
53:09In this case
53:09But by removing BCCI
53:13By removing some
53:14Of the players
53:15That contributed to this
53:17We simply smashed
53:19The mirror
53:19That we were looking
53:20Into it
53:20It gave us the impression
53:22That the evil
53:23Disappeared
53:24But all we did
53:25Was we broke
53:26The mirror
53:27That was telling us
53:28About it
53:33I returned home
53:35I'd changed
53:36My marriage
53:38Had suffered
53:38My children
53:39Didn't recognize me
53:41A few weeks earlier
53:43In Regines
53:44In Miami
53:44My BCCI contact
53:46Who'd drunk
53:47Quite a lot of scotch
53:48Asked me
53:49Bob
53:50Do you know
53:51Who the biggest
53:52Money launderer
53:52In the United States is
53:54Who
53:55I shrugged
53:56Smiling
53:57The Federal Reserve Bank
54:00They know
54:01That in Colombia
54:02Any citizen
54:02Can exchange
54:03Their U.S. dollars
54:04For Colombian pesos
54:05No questions asked
54:07The people
54:08Of the Federal Reserve
54:09See this river
54:10Of hundreds of millions
54:11In U.S. dollars
54:12Being shipped to them
54:13From Colombia
54:13They know
54:14What generates
54:15That cash
54:16The Federal Reserve
54:17Takes that
54:18Because it's
54:18Good economics
54:19For this country's
54:20Banking system
54:21The American
54:22So-called
54:23War on Drugs
54:23Is a Sham
54:24I was floored
54:26Later research
54:27Conferred my BCCI
54:29Contacts claim
54:30And I had never
54:30Felt more betrayed
54:31If this was true
54:32Why were we
54:34Risking our lives
54:37In Japan
54:38After the financial
54:39Bubble burst
54:40Speculative euphoria
54:41Gave way to
54:42Recession
54:43And to a less
54:44Rosy future
54:46Hundreds of billions
54:47Of yen
54:48Had evaporated
54:50Losses were estimated
54:51At 16%
54:52Of national wealth
54:53The same amount
54:54That it had cost
54:55Japan to rebuild
54:56After the war
54:57The Yakuza
54:58Were held responsible
54:59For this crisis
55:00Due to their
55:00Exploitation of the
55:01Japanese financial system
55:02In 1991
55:04An anti-Yakuza law
55:06Was enacted
55:07Every branch
55:08Was identified
55:09Region by region
55:11The idea was
55:13To ostracize them
55:14From society
55:14From then onwards
55:16It became necessary
55:17To certify
55:18That you weren't
55:18A Yakuza
55:19In order to live
55:20Your daily life
55:21The bell had tolled
55:23And the godfather
55:25Of godfathers
55:25Hishi Susumu
55:27Died
55:28A ruined man
55:35In Sicily
55:36The long judicial
55:37Process arrived
55:38At its conclusion
55:40In 1992
55:41The appeal court
55:42Confirmed the convictions
55:45Cosa Nostra
55:47Decided that
55:47Its pact
55:48With its allies
55:48In the heart
55:49Of the Italian state
55:50Was at an end
55:52Salvatore Lima
55:53The mayor of Palermo
55:55The vital link
55:56Between Cosa Nostra
55:57At his Christian Democrat Party
55:58Was gunned down
55:59In the street
56:05Ci si è chiesti
56:07In queste ultime ore
56:08Ma c'è ancora speranza
56:09Per Palermo
56:10Lei poc'anzi diceva
56:11Che non serve
56:12Fare dell'antimafia
56:14Superficiale
56:15Di facciata
56:15Ma certamente
56:17Che c'è speranza
56:18La mafia
56:18Non è affatto
56:19Invincibile
56:20È un fatto umano
56:21E come tutti
56:22I fatti umani
56:23Ha un inizio
56:24E avrà anche
56:25Una fine
56:27Giovanni Falcone
56:28Changed my life
56:29On two occasions
56:31He changed my life
56:33When he came into it
56:34He also changed it
56:36When he left it
56:38Even today
56:39I still really miss him
56:44On May 23rd, 1992
56:47Giovanni Falcone
56:48Was assassinated
56:53Two months later
56:55On July 19th
56:56The judge
56:57Paolo Borsalino
56:58Was also assassinated
57:04Giovanni Falcone
57:05Was just 53 years old
57:07Paolo Borsalino
57:0852
57:10They were young
57:12They could have done
57:13So much more for us
57:15But the mafia
57:16But the mafia decided
57:17That the time had come
57:18To silence them
57:19And they were silenced
57:28People usually die
57:29Because they're on their own
57:31Or because they've bitten off
57:32More than they could chew
57:34They often die
57:35Because the right partnerships
57:37Aren't in place
57:38Because there isn't
57:39Enough support
57:39In Sicily
57:41The mafia goes after
57:42Public servants
57:43That the state
57:44Doesn't succeed
57:45In protecting
57:50The arrest
57:51Of one of
57:52Cosa Nostra's bosses
57:53Tottorina
57:54In 1993
57:56Signaled the end
57:56Of the all-powerfulness
57:57Of the mafia
57:58On the island
58:01Giovanni Falcone
58:02And the anti-mafia squad
58:04Had given Italy
58:05A bit of respite
58:08The end of the Cold War
58:10Also brought hope
58:11Of a new world
58:14A hope
58:15That was to be short-lived
58:17Faced with the creation
58:19Of a new world order
58:20The major powers
58:21Went for the easy choice
58:22Of globalization
58:25Russia and China
58:26Were intent
58:27On preserving
58:28Their spheres of influence
58:29And in order
58:30To counter American power
58:31They would have to create
58:33A strategy
58:33Of unprecedented alliances
58:36For criminal organizations
58:38This meant the opening up
58:39Of new territories
58:40And new markets
58:42In the numerous
58:43Financial transactions
58:44Occurring in a millisecond
58:45Dirty money
58:47Would become harder
58:47Than ever to trace
58:48The banks
58:50The main players
58:51In moving money about
58:52Would become the servants
58:54Of shady finance
58:55The era
58:56Of white-collar
58:58Organized crime
58:59Had begun
59:00And now
59:01Going on
59:01As far back
59:02Of huge
59:02Hoc
59:06As far
59:08Ofани
59:08The
59:08They
59:09How
59:09Is
59:11Or
59:12Of
59:13Makei
59:13As
59:13far OFFICER辦
59:30No
59:42Legenda Adriana Zanotto
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