The Oil War (2020) Documentary

Tradutores Céticos

Director: David Schisgall  Iconoclastic historian Andrew Bacevich delivers an anti-colonial critique of US foreign policy in the Middle East, informed by his long career in the Army. While other historians analyze changing presidential administrations, Bacevich sees one long Oil War. There are scant differences between Democrats and Republicans when it comes to the sacrifice of soldiers’ lives. His radical analysis has won bipartisan followers and even an invitation to speak with President Obama. Bacevich describes what that meeting reveals about America’s need to break free from its past.

Transcript

00:00:05It is an early hour of the evening, and the sounds of the city usually fall to a few quiet

00:00:11echoes of the busy day.

00:00:19Appendia, there is a crowd gathering in the square. Now some of them are picking up rocks and sticks.

00:00:28Why do you do it, Hamid? All this violence? What better way is there to deal with the dishonesty and

00:00:34corruption in our government, and the do-nothing officials who keep us a backward country?

00:00:40There has been progress, Hamid, if you would open your eyes to it, by our own labors, and with American

00:00:48aid.

00:00:49I don't see anything good about the way things are going in our land, and others are coming to agree

00:00:55with me.

00:00:55And we're going to do something about what we don't like. You'll see.

00:01:00Ah! Just you wait and see!

00:01:09Let's go!

00:01:18These American troops are firing at the Iraqi city of Mosul.

00:01:25This is the third time American troops have tried to take the city, first from Saddam, then from Al-Qaeda

00:01:33in Iraq, today from ISIS.

00:01:45When you see these battles as parts of a larger war, certain patterns emerge.

00:01:51This mad dog of the Middle East has a goal of a world Muslim fundamentalist revolution.

00:01:58We're here for more than just the price of a gallon of gas.

00:02:03What we're doing is going to chart the future of the world for the next hundred years.

00:02:08The United States launched an attack this morning on groups affiliated with Osama bin Laden.

00:02:16Under the dictator, prisons like Abu Ghraib were symbols of death and torture.

00:02:23I have determined that it is in our vital national interest to send an additional 30,000 U.S. troops

00:02:30to Afghanistan.

00:02:31Novel tactics win apparent victories.

00:02:42Generals become heroes.

00:02:46And then things go awry, and new threats emerge.

00:02:53I would bomb the shit out of them.

00:02:59Let me provide my own assessment of this war.

00:03:04We have not won it.

00:03:06We are not winning it.

00:03:08And simply trying harder is not likely to produce a different outcome.

00:03:16We've tried invade and occupy.

00:03:19We've tried nation building.

00:03:22Counterinsurgency.

00:03:25Decapitation.

00:03:28Anybody who imagines that there is a neat and tidy military solution

00:03:33that can be imposed by the United States is deluded.

00:03:38Yet that delusion continues to be at the center of U.S. policy in the region,

00:03:43going back to the Carter administration, down to the present day.

00:03:49But we're keeping the oil.

00:03:50Remember that.

00:03:51I've always said that.

00:03:52Keep the oil.

00:03:53We want to keep the oil.

00:03:55Forty-five million dollars a month.

00:03:57Keep the oil.

00:04:12Okay.

00:04:14Move out.

00:04:27I grew up in Indiana.

00:04:29Both of my parents were World War II veterans.

00:04:33This is the 1950s, middle-of-the-country, conservative Catholic household.

00:04:40Patriotism was something that I imbibed with my mother's milk.

00:04:45And patriotism really implied favorable attitude toward the military and toward military service.

00:04:53When I graduated from high school, going to the military academy at West Point was an attractive option, and I

00:04:59took it.

00:05:00That was during the height, really, of the Vietnam War.

00:05:04Students protest the government's measures.

00:05:07My classmates and I knew that we were going to pretty quickly be deployed to the war zone.

00:05:13There was reluctance to think too deeply about the war.

00:05:17And the war and the terror went on, and so did the political stability.

00:05:23Put your brain in neutral.

00:05:25Deploy, do your duty.

00:05:26That's what I did.

00:05:28We should have been asking the question, does this war make sense?

00:05:34Is this war winnable?

00:05:51And if it's not winnable, why are we there?

00:05:56Why do we persist?

00:06:00I've been asking these apparently radical questions about our role in the Middle East for 30 years, to little avail.

00:06:20Some say that if we can put a man on the moon, we can do anything.

00:06:26But can we solve our energy problem in time?

00:06:31Nearly half of our oil is now imported.

00:06:33We are exhausting our irreplaceable energy resources.

00:06:40Think about it.

00:06:43At the end of the 1970s, Americans believed the reserves of oil and natural gas in North America were being

00:06:52rapidly depleted.

00:06:53We face at all times the possibility of an emergency shortage, a very severe reduction in supplies of gasoline and

00:07:01diesel fuel for the transportation of the people of America.

00:07:04Highway drivers were limited to 10 gallons of gas.

00:07:07Everybody knew the U.S. dependence upon foreign oil was destined to increase.

00:07:14The economic danger of foreign oil is that the foreign suppliers can get together and raise their prices or cut

00:07:21us off for any reason they wish.

00:07:23That's exactly what happened when the Arab world reacted to America's support of Israel with the 1973 oil embargo.

00:07:31And so the oil crisis induced something like mass hysteria.

00:07:35In Washington, a House committee has approved a standby gasoline rationing plan.

00:07:47We'll see if the keys are in the car.

00:07:49All right.

00:07:52Bob!

00:07:53They're here.

00:08:11They're here.

00:08:24We now have above a 70% favorable rating in the polls for our jobs so far.

00:08:30But when we come out with an energy policy, we probably lose about 10 or 15% of that.

00:08:34But I'm willing to give up some of my own personal popularity to deal with the impending crisis that's going

00:08:41to come regardless in future years as energy runs out.

00:08:45At the White House, the mood is quiet, almost somber on this critical day in the presidency of Jimmy Carter.

00:08:51When he speaks this evening, the president is expected to set forth a mostly philosophical framework for solving the nation's

00:08:58energy and economic problems.

00:09:01Good evening.

00:09:02I want to talk to you right now about a fundamental threat to American democracy.

00:09:10Energy will be the immediate test of our ability to unite this nation to give us energy security.

00:09:18I am asking for the most massive peacetime commitment of funds and resources in our nation's history to develop America's

00:09:29own alternative sources of fuel from coal, from oil shale, from plant products for gasahol, from unconventional gas, from the

00:09:41sun.

00:09:41The speech is enormously thoughtful, and in retrospect can be seen as describing the path not taken.

00:09:52We're going to wean ourselves from our ever-increasing dependence on foreign oil.

00:09:57And by doing that, we will also become the people that we should be, a virtuous people.

00:10:05With God's help, and for the sake of our nation, it is time for us to join hands.

00:10:15President, we've been told that the central thrust of your new energy program will involve sacrifice and voluntary conservation.

00:10:22Is it likely that one of those sacrifices is going to come in the form of a largely increased federal

00:10:27gasoline tax?

00:10:28This was his proposal in the summer of 1979, and it was resoundingly rejected.

00:10:34He's trying to convince the American people to trust him, and these people just don't want to hear what he's

00:10:40having to say.

00:10:41I don't think he said anything.

00:10:44The American people then, and the American people today, don't want to tighten their belts.

00:10:49They don't want to get by with less.

00:10:51They want more.

00:11:01So often when the news comes in about Iran, I remember New Year's Eve, because you and the president spent

00:11:07New Year's Eve in Iran, and many reporters like myself are with you.

00:11:10I wonder if you personally have talked with them, and what your view is of them at the Shah, in

00:11:16particular as a ruler.

00:11:17The Shah is communicating with opposition leaders.

00:11:21He is committed to a broader base for the government.

00:11:23He is working toward democratic principles and social change, and he has been embattered lately, and we obviously support him

00:11:33fully.

00:11:33When we talk about support, what do we mean today, post-Vietnam, by support?

00:11:38For example, if the Shah does fall, it threatens our oil supply, it threatens Israel's oil supply, it threatens Saudi

00:11:44Arabia, it threatens the whole Persian Gulf.

00:11:51The revolution is on.

00:11:55Ayatollah Khomeini is the symbol of honesty.

00:11:59He is the greatest man that I have ever known, and I follow him because he just wants Iran for

00:12:08Iranian people.

00:12:10The U.S., bound up with the Iranians' hatred of the Shah, becomes the target of mob hatred in October.

00:12:20Iran is bordered in the north by the Soviet Union, and American monitoring stations were deployed along the frontier.

00:12:27Despite the embassy takeover, with relations between the two countries never worse than now, Iran's oil pipelines to the U

00:12:35.S. are still open.

00:12:36For how long is for the Ayatollah to save?

00:12:46So the oil war began in 1980 as an immediate response to two events.

00:12:52One of those events was the Iranian revolution, the overthrow of the Shah.

00:12:56The second event was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

00:13:01And in the summer of 79, Carter realizes that he has to undertake some significant initiative in order to persuade

00:13:11the American people that he deserves a second term.

00:13:15This is a CBS News special report.

00:13:19Here now from Washington is Leslie Stahl.

00:13:23Good evening.

00:13:24On Christmas Day, the Soviet Union began an invasion of Afghanistan, which took place on the 51st day of the

00:13:30hostage siege in Iran.

00:13:32Tonight, a snowy night in Washington, President Carter will address the nation.

00:13:37I come to you this evening to discuss the extremely important and rapidly changing circumstances in Southwest Asia.

00:13:45Massive Soviet military forces have invaded the small, non-aligned, sovereign nation of Afghanistan.

00:13:54This invasion is an extremely serious threat to peace.

00:13:59Because of the threat of further Soviet expansion into neighboring countries in Southwest Asia,

00:14:05A Soviet-occupied Afghanistan threatens both Iran and Pakistan to possible control over much of the world's oil supplies.

00:14:16There are Soviet military advisors in Afghanistan actively supporting the Marxist government in the civil war there.

00:14:23There is chaos in Iran, Soviet ships in the Indian Ocean, and a communist government in South Yemen, a Soviet

00:14:31foothold on the Arabian Peninsula.

00:14:33Eyewitness News continues now with Jerry Dunphy, Christine Lund, and the Eyewitness News team.

00:14:40From the desert to the sea to all of Southern California, a good evening.

00:14:44Here's the latest at 6 in just a few moments.

00:14:46We're going to switch live to Capitol Hill in Washington,

00:14:48where President Jimmy Carter will present his annual State of the Union address

00:14:52to a joint session of Congress and a nationwide broadcast audience.

00:14:57Mr. Speaker, the President of the United States.

00:15:02Our White House correspondent, Sam Donaldson, is on the... at the Capitol.

00:15:08Are we going to see tonight the exposition of a new Carter doctrine?

00:15:12Yes, indeed, Frank. We won't... he won't call it that, but we will,

00:15:16because, in effect, the President will say to the Russians

00:15:19that any attempt on their part to influence the Persian Gulf states to invade that territory

00:15:25will be met with an American military response.

00:15:28An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region

00:15:34will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America,

00:15:42and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force.

00:15:49Prior to 1980, there was virtually no U.S. military presence anywhere in the Islamic world.

00:15:55There were no significant war plans. There were no bases.

00:16:00There were no agreements for overflight rights.

00:16:03We weren't prepared to go fight in places like the Persian Gulf.

00:16:07For the first time, the United States is sending combat troops,

00:16:101,800 Marines, to the Persian Gulf area

00:16:13as a visible deterrent against any Soviet move to expand beyond Afghanistan.

00:16:19New realities, oil realities, have changed the national move

00:16:24from no more Vietnams to no more Vietnams but.

00:16:30Jimmy Carter, our least militant president in memory,

00:16:34triggered the wheels of the national security of bureaucracy,

00:16:38and they turned in a direction such that the United States

00:16:42began to gear up for war in that region.

00:16:46Carter, he didn't see what was going to happen.

00:16:48But nonetheless, he was the guy who put things in motion.

00:16:53The American decision to send the aircraft carrier Constellation

00:16:57into the Indian Ocean was a clear demonstration

00:17:00of an important shift in policy.

00:17:09A commitment to defend the Arabian Peninsula and its oil.

00:17:18Operation Eagle Claw was the first use of American military power

00:17:21in anything like a serious way,

00:17:23after the promulgation of the Carter Doctrine.

00:17:26Eagle Claw was the attempt to use U.S. forces

00:17:29to rescue the Americans held hostage in Iran

00:17:32during the hostage crisis.

00:17:35And it was a debacle. It was an utter, complete and total failure.

00:17:38Amid frantic moves to leave, the Americans splashed a jet fuel

00:17:42on their grounded craft.

00:17:43They fired into some of them.

00:17:45Three caught fire and were totally destroyed.

00:17:48Two survived.

00:17:49Inside the belly of one helicopter that remained intact,

00:17:53guns, bullets, first aid, camouflage, radio equipment.

00:17:57It was the supreme humiliation of the Jimmy Carter administration.

00:18:02In the aftermath of the attempt,

00:18:05we continue to hold the government of Iran responsible

00:18:07for the safety and for the early release

00:18:10of the American hostages who have been held so long.

00:18:13But in retrospect, I've come to believe,

00:18:17it's almost as if God or the gods were whispering,

00:18:21don't persuade yourself that American military power

00:18:26is going to fix things, because it's not.

00:19:01The Saudi Arabians share our purpose.

00:19:05Their supplies of energy are crucial

00:19:08to the well-being of people in many nations.

00:19:11They produce their own oil for world consumption

00:19:15beyond the level which perhaps would be best for them.

00:19:20This responsible and unselfish action

00:19:22has saved the entire economic structure

00:19:26of the world from disruption

00:19:28and has alleviated the fears that did exist

00:19:31when the price of oil was raised in 1973.

00:19:35I think it's accurate to say

00:19:36that the future of Saudi Arabia

00:19:37and the future of the United States

00:19:39are tied together very closely

00:19:41in an irrevocable way.

00:19:50This program has been made possible

00:19:53by grants from Chemical Bank,

00:19:55Fluor, a worldwide engineering,

00:19:58construction, and natural resource corporation,

00:20:00and by the Ford Motor Company,

00:20:02where quality is job one.

00:20:12This is the Gulf, called the Persian Gulf in the West.

00:20:16Here it is the Arabian Gulf.

00:20:18Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain,

00:20:20the United Arab Emirates, Oman,

00:20:23countries known for their oil

00:20:24and for a nervous proximity

00:20:26to the gunshot smoke of their neighbors' wars.

00:20:30Beyond that,

00:20:31countries almost totally unknown

00:20:32to most of the public.

00:20:34In 1498,

00:20:36approximately the time that Columbus sailed to America,

00:20:39the king of Portugal

00:20:40sent the famous Portuguese admiral, Albuquerque,

00:20:43the mandate, conquer the Gulf.

00:20:45He began a chapter of European domination

00:20:48that changed the world of the Gulf.

00:20:50The Portuguese attacked the towns on the coast

00:20:53and then headed toward Muscat.

00:20:56Albuquerque burned and plundered the city,

00:20:59then cut off the ears and noses of the survivors.

00:21:05The British were not far behind.

00:21:10In the wake of World War II,

00:21:12empires everywhere were disappearing.

00:21:14The notion of people of color

00:21:17being ruled by whites

00:21:19from some distant land

00:21:21had become illegitimate.

00:21:23How did people here feel about the British

00:21:25before they left?

00:21:27There was a feeling,

00:21:28a kind of hatred,

00:21:29but I think

00:21:34it was not, you know,

00:21:36a desired thing to have,

00:21:37you know,

00:21:38somebody, a foreign government,

00:21:41ruling your own country

00:21:44and shaping your destiny

00:21:45and the destiny of your people.

00:21:48In negotiating

00:21:49this new U.S. military commitment

00:21:52to the region,

00:21:53we had to take into account

00:21:54their sensibilities.

00:21:56These countries

00:21:57had only recently achieved

00:22:00national independence,

00:22:01and they didn't want

00:22:02a large-scale U.S. military presence.

00:22:07The government of the United States

00:22:09has created a new military command

00:22:11to help ensure the security

00:22:13of a critically important area

00:22:14of the world,

00:22:16the United States Central Command.

00:22:18It is responsible

00:22:19for implementing

00:22:20all U.S. military activity

00:22:22in the central region,

00:22:24with its main headquarters

00:22:26located at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida.

00:22:29It is vital

00:22:30for the United States' interest

00:22:33and our allies' interest

00:22:34that the unimpeded flow

00:22:37of oil out of the Persian Gulf

00:22:39continues.

00:22:40We're going to put

00:22:41U.S. forces in harm's way,

00:22:43and if the Russians

00:22:45or any other enemy,

00:22:46a potential enemy,

00:22:47wants to take on

00:22:48the United States,

00:22:49I'm going to give them

00:22:50that opportunity to do that,

00:22:52and I'm going to give them

00:22:53with a sizable force

00:22:54that can obviously cause them

00:22:57quite a bit of damage.

00:23:01It is desirable

00:23:02from a political viewpoint

00:23:04in many of our host nations

00:23:06that we not have

00:23:08a permanent military presence.

00:23:10We have what we call

00:23:12an over-the-horizon concept

00:23:13in which my forces

00:23:16and headquarters, of course,

00:23:18would be invited in

00:23:19by a host nation.

00:23:21When that is accomplished,

00:23:23we will return

00:23:25to the continental United States

00:23:27on as expeditious manner

00:23:30as possible.

00:23:32Implementation

00:23:32of U.S. Central Command

00:23:34required U.S. military forces

00:23:36to remain offshore,

00:23:38over the horizon.

00:23:40The concept of it

00:23:41is entirely oriented

00:23:43toward deterrence.

00:23:44It isn't designed

00:23:45as an occupation force

00:23:46or an intervention force.

00:23:48It is a deterrent force.

00:24:05Your Highness,

00:24:06it is a pleasure

00:24:07for Nancy and me

00:24:08to welcome you

00:24:08to the United States

00:24:09as a guest

00:24:10of the American people.

00:24:12So Ronald Reagan

00:24:13inherits the oil war

00:24:14from Jimmy Carter.

00:24:15At that point,

00:24:16it's not much of a war.

00:24:17It is a commitment

00:24:18to ensure

00:24:20that the United States

00:24:21has access

00:24:21to the Persian Gulf.

00:24:23It is no secret

00:24:24that the United States

00:24:25has a vital national interest

00:24:26in the Middle East.

00:24:28We and our allies

00:24:30depend on oil

00:24:31originating there,

00:24:32much of it produced

00:24:33in and nearby

00:24:34your country.

00:24:35Yet we also recognize

00:24:36the value of partnership

00:24:38and respect

00:24:39for the culture

00:24:40and aspirations

00:24:40of states like your own.

00:25:07I'm standing on the border

00:25:08between Pakistan

00:25:09and Afghanistan.

00:25:10We were smuggled

00:25:10into Afghanistan

00:25:11by a young Mujahideen.

00:25:13Mujahideen,

00:25:14the Muslim word

00:25:15for freedom fighter

00:25:16or fighter

00:25:17in a holy war.

00:25:18In this case,

00:25:20as the Mujahideen see it,

00:25:21a holy war

00:25:22against the Soviets.

00:25:23A war,

00:25:24they say,

00:25:25that if they get weapons

00:25:26from us

00:25:27or anyone else

00:25:28in the free world,

00:25:29they will win.

00:25:31I'm sure he knows

00:25:32that in Vietnam

00:25:33we got our fingers burned,

00:25:35indeed we got

00:25:36our old hands burned

00:25:37when we tried

00:25:38to help

00:25:38in this kind of situation.

00:25:47Your hands were burned

00:25:49in Vietnam,

00:25:50but if you don't agree

00:25:51to help us,

00:25:52if you don't allow yourself

00:25:53with us,

00:25:54then all of you,

00:25:55your whole body

00:25:55will be burned eventually.

00:25:57The Carter administration

00:25:58saw the Soviet invasion

00:26:01of Afghanistan

00:26:02as an opportunity

00:26:03to trap the Soviets

00:26:05into something

00:26:07akin to our Vietnam War.

00:26:10Jimmy Carter

00:26:11authorized U.S. assistance

00:26:13to the Afghan Mujahideen.

00:26:16When Reagan

00:26:18became president,

00:26:19he greatly expanded

00:26:20that support.

00:26:23How are you, sir?

00:26:24Say hello

00:26:25to Khazrat Khan.

00:26:28Look up and smile, Khaz.

00:26:32I'm from Afghanistan

00:26:33and I got hurt

00:26:34by the Soviet bombing.

00:26:35and they killed

00:26:37my mother

00:26:37and they killed

00:26:38my family

00:26:39and we almost lost

00:26:40one million people.

00:26:42They keep supporting

00:26:43the Afghan people,

00:26:44you know.

00:26:45We will.

00:26:45And after seven years

00:26:46of war,

00:26:47the world still wonders

00:26:48how these Afghan guerrilla

00:26:50fighters have been able

00:26:51to force the Soviet

00:26:52superpower

00:26:53into a military stalemate.

00:27:15is a carpenter

00:27:17in eastern Afghanistan.

00:27:19He took his 15-year-old son

00:27:21Maragul

00:27:22out of school

00:27:22four years ago.

00:27:25Hamid,

00:27:26like other parents

00:27:27in the village,

00:27:28takes his son

00:27:28to a local village teacher

00:27:30where the lessons continue

00:27:31as they have

00:27:32for generations.

00:27:33of helping

00:27:36take his son

00:27:36into the villages.

00:27:37The throne

00:27:38of the people

00:27:38who live on the

00:27:39government

00:27:43in the village

00:27:46of the village

00:27:46in the village,

00:27:52The throne

00:27:52of the village

00:27:54is called

00:27:56people

00:27:57and how

00:27:57away.

00:27:59He is a

00:28:00King

00:28:00of the

00:28:00King

00:28:00of the

00:28:01of the

00:28:01worshites.

00:28:08Eu vou dedicar, em nome do povo americano, o lançamento 22 de Colômbia para os povos de Afganistão.

00:28:19Em contexto da Guerra do Sul, a guerra do Afganistão contribuiu direto a trazer o descanso da União Soviética e

00:28:27o colapso do Comunismo.

00:28:29Mas se você olhar esse conflito no contexto da União Soviética, não é um grande desafio, mas é a causa

00:28:40de mais problemas.

00:28:42Afganistão trouxe milhares de voluntários como esses de todo o mundo do Islã.

00:28:47Bin Laden levou a vida com confortável em Saudi-Arabia para se tornar um líder dos Afgan-Arabes.

00:28:53Bin Laden's vitórias contra os soviéticos foram bem publicadas em Saudi-Arabia.

00:28:59Now proclaiming the incursion a bleeding wound, Gorbachev calls for the withdrawal of over 100,000 soviet troops.

00:29:06In the end, the Afghan adventure is considered a total failure for the soviets and a tragedy for Afghanistan,

00:29:13which retains its independence at the cost of a million lives.

00:29:22You say that any form of government that would be acceptable to the Afghan people would be acceptable to the

00:29:29U.S.

00:29:30I would reiterate that our hope is for the Afghan people to have a chance to make their own choices

00:29:38concerning their government,

00:29:40free from the occupation of foreign troops.

00:29:43It's my impression that it's very Islamic-oriented.

00:29:47And you're saying you don't care what kind of government it is,

00:29:50it's as long as the Afghan people want this government.

00:29:54Yet in Nicaragua, you insist on a democracy.

00:29:57I'm not sure that I said we don't care.

00:29:59What I tried to say was that it is not up to us to determine.

00:30:04I thank you all for your interest in your very, very good and well-informed questions.

00:30:16In 1980, when Saddam Hussein invaded Iran,

00:30:20intending to take advantage of the disarray caused by the Iranian revolution,

00:30:26U.S. policymakers were not terribly displeased.

00:30:37Only when Iranian forces turned the table on Saddam

00:30:42and posed a threat to his regime did the United States take notice.

00:30:48The American response was then to intervene on behalf of Saddam.

00:30:59I want to speak directly this afternoon on the vital interests of the American people,

00:31:05vital interests that are at stake in the Persian Gulf area.

00:31:09It may be easy for some after a near-record 54-month economic recovery

00:31:13to forget just how critical the Persian Gulf is to our national security.

00:31:18But I think everyone in this room and everyone hearing my voice now

00:31:22can remember the woeful impact of the Middle East oil crisis of a few years ago.

00:31:28The endless demoralizing gas lines, the shortages, the rationing,

00:31:34the escalating energy prices, double-digit inflation,

00:31:37and the enormous dislocation that shook our economy to its foundations.

00:31:41The United States was drawn into this war

00:31:44because the Reagan administration feared that Iran might prevail.

00:31:48And so we provided intelligence to Saddam Hussein.

00:31:51We facilitated Saddam Hussein's acquisition of weapons.

00:31:56We provided so-called dual-use technologies,

00:32:00helicopters, for example, trucks, computers.

00:32:03At the State Department, Secretary of State George Shultz

00:32:06and Iraq's Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz

00:32:08met to discuss implementing a U.N. ceasefire in the Gulf.

00:32:12Yes, it is.

00:32:13The weather and autumn has the beginning of winter.

00:32:17It's a big competition.

00:32:19March, December, I'll be a big part of it.

00:32:23But not in July or August.

00:32:28Amazingly, in the middle of this effort to support Saddam Hussein

00:32:32contra os ayatollas.

00:32:34O Regan administrador também

00:32:36undertou um esforço

00:32:39para oferecer armas

00:32:40para os iranianos

00:32:41em hopes de garantir

00:32:44iranianos assistentes

00:32:45em frear um pequeno número

00:32:46dos americanos em Libanon.

00:32:48O chamado iran contra-affair.

00:32:51Por giving iran

00:32:52o que ele queria,

00:32:53militares arms,

00:32:55o U.S. estava hoping

00:32:56para conseguir o que ele queria,

00:32:57o retorno dos americanos em Beirut.

00:32:59At this juncture

00:33:01of the Iran-Iraq War,

00:33:03the United States

00:33:04was supporting

00:33:04both opposing sides.

00:33:07Saddam Hussein

00:33:08was unhappy

00:33:09and expressed that unhappiness

00:33:12by ordering the Stark attack.

00:33:16The Stark was hit

00:33:17by two exorcets.

00:33:18The first one went through it,

00:33:20the second one detonated,

00:33:21and you had a horrendous explosion.

00:33:24Saddam claimed

00:33:25that the attack on the Stark

00:33:26was an accident

00:33:27and apologized

00:33:28and even offered

00:33:29some compensation

00:33:30to the victims.

00:33:32U.S. officials

00:33:32have accepted

00:33:33Iraq's explanation

00:33:34that that was

00:33:35an unintended attack

00:33:36and a tragic accident.

00:33:43Both Iran and Iraq

00:33:45depended upon oil export,

00:33:47and therefore,

00:33:48Iraq began targeting

00:33:49Iranian tankers.

00:33:51In Iran, of course,

00:33:52attempted to do the same

00:33:53in reverse.

00:33:54Our actual presidential quarters

00:33:56were under the stairs.

00:33:58But this had then always

00:33:59been the dining room

00:34:01for the family.

00:34:02When Kuwait tankers

00:34:04began to be targeted,

00:34:06the emir of Kuwait

00:34:07asked the United States

00:34:08to protect

00:34:09his tanker fleet.

00:34:10Let me reemphasize

00:34:12for all of you

00:34:13that the United States

00:34:15commitment

00:34:15to the security

00:34:16of Kuwait

00:34:17and our other friends

00:34:18in the Gulf

00:34:18is stronger than ever.

00:34:21Kuwait's resolve

00:34:22in the face

00:34:23of Iranian intimidation

00:34:24and terrorism

00:34:25is most impressive.

00:34:27The result was

00:34:28that the Kuwaiti

00:34:30tanker fleet

00:34:31was re-flagged,

00:34:32began to fly

00:34:33the Stars and Stripes.

00:34:35It took about seven hours

00:34:37for three U.S. Navy warships

00:34:38to escort those two

00:34:40re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers

00:34:41through the area

00:34:42of greatest risk,

00:34:43the Strait of Hormuz.

00:34:45Mark this point well.

00:34:47The use of the vital sea lanes

00:34:49of the Persian Gulf

00:34:50will not be dictated

00:34:51by the Iranians.

00:34:53Weakness,

00:34:54a lack of resolve

00:34:55and strength

00:34:55will only encourage

00:34:56those who seek

00:34:57to use the flow of oil

00:34:58as a tool,

00:34:59a weapon to cause

00:35:00the American people

00:35:01hardship at home

00:35:02and promote conflict

00:35:03and violence

00:35:04throughout the Middle East

00:35:06and the world.

00:35:07That's the end of statement.

00:35:09President,

00:35:09do you have no fair

00:35:10proper to make sure

00:35:11that those ships are safe?

00:35:12Some people worry

00:35:13that you're going to get

00:35:14into shooting war.

00:35:15You're going to get

00:35:16into shooting war

00:35:17in the Middle East.

00:35:21In comparison

00:35:22with the United States Navy,

00:35:23the Iranian Navy

00:35:24was quite small,

00:35:26but they did have

00:35:27the capability

00:35:28of mining

00:35:29the Persian Gulf.

00:35:32We are outraged

00:35:34at the activities

00:35:35of the Iranians

00:35:36in dumping mines

00:35:38and international waterways.

00:35:40A mine is a pretty

00:35:41indiscriminate weapon.

00:35:43It doesn't know

00:35:44what flag is being flown

00:35:45on the fan tail

00:35:46of the ship

00:35:47that happens

00:35:48to run into it.

00:35:50In the face

00:35:50of threats from Iran,

00:35:52officials at the Pentagon

00:35:53held their breath.

00:35:54Soon after the Navy

00:35:55began the mission

00:35:56of escorting

00:35:58Kuwaiti tankers,

00:35:59a U.S. Navy warship

00:36:00hit one of those mines.

00:36:01The incident provided

00:36:03a pretext

00:36:03for the United States

00:36:05to escalate.

00:36:07Those who make

00:36:07sound general quarters.

00:36:08Sound general quarters,

00:36:09aye.

00:36:09General quarters,

00:36:10general quarters,

00:36:11all hands,

00:36:11man your battle stations.

00:36:13When provoked

00:36:14and as a measured response,

00:36:16a carrier battle group

00:36:17with its ships and planes

00:36:19destroyed Iranian gunboats

00:36:21and an oil drilling platform.

00:36:23and an oil drilling

00:36:26Yeah!

00:36:28Yeah!

00:36:29Yeah!

00:36:31Mr. President,

00:36:33could you do a U-turn

00:36:34and go about 50 feet

00:36:35and try it just one more time

00:36:36and then it'll be done?

00:36:3850 to 75,

00:36:39then come on back.

00:36:40He'll just hang out

00:36:41with you while eating,

00:36:42does he?

00:36:42Ha!

00:36:44Ha!

00:36:45Ha! Ha!

00:36:45What are you supposed to eat?

00:36:46Come on.

00:36:48Very good.

00:36:51Just get it.

00:37:02When Iran-Iraq war

00:37:04finally ended,

00:37:05it found Saddam Hussein

00:37:06more or less broke.

00:37:08He owed Kuwait billions

00:37:09of dollars that Iraq

00:37:10had borrowed.

00:37:11Basically said to the Kuwaitis,

00:37:12I was fighting Iran

00:37:14on your behalf

00:37:15on behalf of all

00:37:16my Arab brothers

00:37:17and I think the only

00:37:18decent thing for you

00:37:19to do would be

00:37:20to write off this loan.

00:37:22Kuwaitis said

00:37:23ain't gonna do that

00:37:23and that resulted in

00:37:25Saddam Hussein

00:37:26invading Kuwait.

00:37:27When this administration

00:37:29began,

00:37:30we sought to

00:37:32strengthen the ceasefire

00:37:34between Iran and Iraq

00:37:35and to improve

00:37:37relations with Iraq.

00:37:40Saddam's calculation

00:37:41that he could get away

00:37:42with invading

00:37:43and annexing Kuwait

00:37:45stemmed from his understanding

00:37:47of U.S. attitude

00:37:49toward Iraq.

00:37:50We were his friend.

00:37:50We were his de facto ally.

00:37:52I believe he thought

00:37:54he could just take over Kuwait

00:37:55and then there'd be

00:37:56a lot of talk

00:37:57and discussion

00:37:58and he would be able

00:37:59to turn Kuwait

00:38:01a sovereign nation,

00:38:02a member of the Arab League,

00:38:05a member of the United Nations,

00:38:06into Province 19.

00:38:07and in three days,

00:38:09Iraq had 120,000 troops

00:38:12and 850 tanks in Kuwait

00:38:15moving south

00:38:17toward the Saudi border

00:38:19and it was this clear

00:38:21and rapidly escalating threat

00:38:23that led King Fahd

00:38:25of Saudi Arabia

00:38:25to ask for our assistance.

00:38:28Now for the first time

00:38:30since the creation

00:38:30of U.S. Central Command,

00:38:32the war plan

00:38:33successive commanders

00:38:35of CENTCOM

00:38:36had developed

00:38:37that was put into operation.

00:38:41Hi, and welcome

00:38:42to Air Force Now.

00:38:43I'm Tech Sergeant Jim Langdon.

00:38:45Beginning news in blue

00:38:46this month,

00:38:47military airlift

00:38:47has been phenomenal

00:38:48in the deployment phase

00:38:50of Desert Shield.

00:38:50It has moved more people

00:38:52and equipment

00:38:52faster and farther

00:38:53than any other time

00:38:54in history.

00:38:55The stakes are high.

00:38:57Iraq is already

00:38:58a rich and powerful country

00:39:00that possesses

00:39:02the world's

00:39:03second largest reserves

00:39:04of oil

00:39:04and over a million

00:39:06men under arms.

00:39:08It's the fourth largest

00:39:10military in the world.

00:39:12Our country

00:39:13now imports

00:39:15nearly half the oil

00:39:16it consumes

00:39:17and could face

00:39:19a major threat

00:39:20to its economic independence.

00:39:22If he dares come

00:39:23across that border

00:39:23and come down here,

00:39:24I'm completely confident

00:39:25that we're going to

00:39:26kick his butt

00:39:27when he gets here.

00:39:28I'm going to get

00:39:28because you folks

00:39:29right here.

00:39:30Iraq itself

00:39:31controls some 10%

00:39:33of the world's

00:39:34proven oil reserves.

00:39:36Iraq plus Kuwait

00:39:38controls twice that.

00:39:40I cannot predict

00:39:41just how long

00:39:42it'll take

00:39:42to convince Iraq

00:39:43to withdraw

00:39:44from Kuwait.

00:39:47Sanctions will take

00:39:48time to have

00:39:49their full intended effect.

00:39:51We will continue

00:39:51to review all options

00:39:53with our allies

00:39:54but let it be clear.

00:39:56We will not let

00:39:57this aggression stand.

00:40:00CENTCOM's purpose

00:40:01had fundamentally changed.

00:40:03At the outset,

00:40:05the aim had been

00:40:06to prevent the Soviets

00:40:07from intruding

00:40:08into this region

00:40:10of the world

00:40:10that Americans

00:40:11considered to be so vital.

00:40:13Now the purpose

00:40:14was to prevent

00:40:15a hostile nation

00:40:16within the region

00:40:17from coming to dominate it.

00:40:19What at stake

00:40:20in more than one small country

00:40:21is a big idea,

00:40:22a new world order.

00:40:23You need to make sure

00:40:24you bracket that

00:40:25so that that becomes

00:40:30where diverse nations

00:40:31are drawn together

00:40:32in common cause

00:40:33to achieve

00:40:33the universal aspiration

00:40:34of mankind,

00:40:35peace and security,

00:40:36freedom and the rule of law.

00:40:37Such is a world

00:40:38worthy of our struggle

00:40:39and worthy of our children.

00:40:41The community of nations

00:40:43is resolutely gathered

00:40:44to condemn...

00:40:45Do you have a stop there?

00:40:45Well, I just want

00:40:47to be sure

00:40:47that there's no confusion

00:40:48and everybody's happy

00:40:49with worthy of our children.

00:40:50I don't want people

00:40:51to think it's worthy

00:40:52of our children.

00:40:53that you're saying

00:40:55that the real peace

00:40:56and security,

00:40:57freedom and the rule of law

00:40:58such is worthy

00:40:58of our struggle.

00:41:01They know we must

00:41:02make sure the lion's share

00:41:03of the world's oil resources

00:41:04don't fall into his hands

00:41:06only to finance

00:41:06the further aggressions

00:41:07of this tyrant.

00:41:14Back in August,

00:41:15when you talked about oil,

00:41:18protecting the Middle East

00:41:18oil reserves,

00:41:19you talked about

00:41:20American jobs,

00:41:21in fact,

00:41:21the American way of life,

00:41:22being in danger.

00:41:23Yet when you went

00:41:24out on the campaign trail,

00:41:25you seemed to shy away

00:41:26from oil.

00:41:27You said demonstrators

00:41:28don't seem to understand

00:41:29that we're not going

00:41:29to go to war for oil.

00:41:31But that was one of the

00:41:31things you talked about.

00:41:32And in fact,

00:41:33isn't oil part of

00:41:34the American national interest?

00:41:35Isn't that a main reason

00:41:36we're there?

00:41:37It is a part of it,

00:41:38but it is not the main reason,

00:41:39or I'd say a main reason.

00:41:42Ladies and gentlemen,

00:41:43the President of the United States

00:41:45and Mrs. Bush,

00:41:46accompanied by

00:41:47Major General Evan Haltman.

00:41:51What was and is at stake

00:41:54is not simply our energy

00:41:56or economic security

00:41:59and the stability

00:42:00of a vital region,

00:42:01but the prospects for peace

00:42:04in the post-Cold War era,

00:42:07the promise of a new world order

00:42:09based upon the rule of law.

00:42:11This will not be another Vietnam.

00:42:19We ended up with a war undertaken

00:42:22in order to evict

00:42:24the Iraqi army from Kuwait,

00:42:25but also undertaken

00:42:27with at least the hope,

00:42:28if not the expectation,

00:42:30that inflicting a military defeat

00:42:32on Saddam Hussein

00:42:33would lead to his being overthrown.

00:42:36This is a large

00:42:38combined arms army.

00:42:40There's tanks,

00:42:41there's personnel carriers,

00:42:42there's air defense guns.

00:42:44Our strategy to go after this army

00:42:46is very, very simple.

00:42:47First, we're going to cut it off,

00:42:48and then we're going to kill it.

00:42:50This is not going to be

00:42:51Panama or Canada

00:42:52or Rambo-like movie.

00:42:54This is going to be

00:42:55bloody, long, terrible.

00:42:58War.

00:42:59War.

00:43:00War.

00:43:01War.

00:43:02War.

00:43:20Today, we're on a rate

00:43:21of processing

00:43:22over 1,000 prisoners a day.

00:43:24In a 24-hour span.

00:43:27One time, 400 to 500

00:43:29was a goal.

00:43:30In the books,

00:43:31that was to be

00:43:32an ideal number

00:43:33or a max number,

00:43:34and we have over,

00:43:35we have more than

00:43:36doubled that,

00:43:37and we're extremely

00:43:38pleased about that.

00:43:42We've all been searched,

00:43:43and they're now

00:43:44in a holding tank area

00:43:45that will handle

00:43:47approximately

00:43:4850 to 100 prisoners.

00:43:50This is where

00:43:51the first processing

00:43:52lines begin.

00:43:53At this point in time,

00:43:54they're just set up here,

00:43:55and they're ready

00:43:57to go through

00:43:57the processing stages

00:43:59and steps

00:44:00that we'll be

00:44:00taking at this time.

00:44:02I've just given you

00:44:04a tour of one of these.

00:44:05eight dining facilities

00:44:07that Koji 3

00:44:08has set up,

00:44:09and what it's like

00:44:11to feed 3,000,

00:44:124,000 PWs

00:44:14every day,

00:44:15and thanks for coming

00:44:19to take the tour.

00:44:26our armed forces

00:44:27fought with honor

00:44:28and valor.

00:44:28Aggression is defeated.

00:44:30Kuwait is free.

00:44:31The war is over.

00:44:43Kuwait is liberated.

00:44:44Iraq's army is defeated.

00:44:47Our military objectives

00:44:49are met.

00:45:15in the wake of Operation Desert Storm,

00:45:18President George Herbert Walker Bush

00:45:21lamented that there had been

00:45:22no clean ending.

00:45:24He was right.

00:45:25Saddam Hussein survived in power.

00:45:28That United Nations sanctions

00:45:30must remain in place

00:45:32against Iraq

00:45:33until a new leadership

00:45:35emerges in Baghdad,

00:45:37a leadership willing

00:45:38to live in peace

00:45:39with its neighbors

00:45:40and its own people.

00:45:43He crushed an uprising

00:45:45by Iraqi Shiites

00:45:47and Kurds

00:45:47with U.S. forces

00:45:48standing by.

00:45:54in this edition

00:45:56of Air Force News.

00:45:59Our correspondents report

00:46:01on operations

00:46:01in the Arabian Gulf.

00:46:03Because of Iraq's

00:46:04noncompliance

00:46:05with United Nations resolutions,

00:46:07President Bush

00:46:07committed U.S. troops

00:46:08to a coalition force

00:46:10monitoring the 32nd parallel

00:46:11in southern Iraq.

00:46:13As far as

00:46:14Saudi Arabia

00:46:15and Kuwait

00:46:16were concerned,

00:46:17Saddam still posed

00:46:18a proximate threat

00:46:19to their survival.

00:46:21So the Bush administration

00:46:22made the fateful decision

00:46:24to maintain U.S. forces

00:46:26in the region

00:46:27on a permanent basis.

00:46:35My fellow Americans,

00:46:37this evening I want

00:46:38to speak with you

00:46:38about an attack

00:46:39by the government of Iraq

00:46:40against the United States.

00:46:42This past April,

00:46:43the Kuwaiti government

00:46:44uncovered what they suspected

00:46:46was a car bombing plot

00:46:47to assassinate

00:46:48former President

00:46:49George Bush

00:46:50while he was visiting

00:46:51Kuwait City.

00:46:52The United States

00:46:53is conducting

00:46:54daily combat air patrols

00:46:57over northern

00:46:58and southern Iraq.

00:46:59Earlier today,

00:47:00I ordered America's

00:47:01armed forces

00:47:02to strike military

00:47:03and security targets

00:47:04in Iraq.

00:47:05With some frequency,

00:47:07he's targeting

00:47:08Iraqi military installations

00:47:09on the ground.

00:47:11Nobody's paying attention.

00:47:15The idea was to contain

00:47:18Saddam

00:47:18and therefore maintain

00:47:20regional order

00:47:21and stability.

00:47:23The actual effect,

00:47:24however,

00:47:25was to inspire terrorism

00:47:26directed at the United States

00:47:28and intended to force

00:47:29the United States

00:47:30to withdraw its forces

00:47:32entirely.

00:47:33We declared a jihad,

00:47:36a holy war,

00:47:37against the United States

00:47:38government

00:47:38because it is unjust,

00:47:40criminal,

00:47:41and tyrannical.

00:47:42He said,

00:47:43I'm opposed to the presence

00:47:44of foreign troops

00:47:45in Saudi Arabia

00:47:46for two reasons,

00:47:47Islamic reasons

00:47:48and patriotic reasons

00:47:50because he said,

00:47:52I don't want my homeland

00:47:53to be occupied

00:47:53by foreign troops.

00:47:55Secondly,

00:47:56Islamic reasons

00:47:57because he said,

00:47:58there's Mecca and Medina,

00:48:00the holiest places

00:48:01for Muslims.

00:48:02We don't want

00:48:04non-Muslim troops nearby.

00:48:06Bin Laden

00:48:08and others

00:48:09see their success

00:48:11in evicting the Soviets

00:48:12from Afghanistan

00:48:13as indicative

00:48:14of their ability

00:48:16to take on

00:48:16the other superpower.

00:48:18to evict

00:48:19the other superpower

00:48:21from the Islamic world

00:48:22and that's us.

00:48:24The truck,

00:48:25parked suspiciously

00:48:26close to the perimeter,

00:48:27explodes.

00:48:28The blast is heard

00:48:29more than 120 miles away.

00:48:46I want to say

00:48:47a few words

00:48:47about yesterday's

00:48:48outrageous attack

00:48:49on Americans

00:48:50in Saudi Arabia.

00:48:51We will not resist,

00:48:53we will not rest

00:48:55in our efforts

00:48:56to find who is

00:48:57responsible

00:48:58for this outrage.

00:48:59And heck,

00:49:01Bin Laden

00:49:01has declared war

00:49:02on the United States

00:49:03of America.

00:49:04It's not like

00:49:04it's a secret.

00:49:06Bill Clinton's response

00:49:08to that

00:49:08is ineffectual.

00:49:18As you know,

00:49:19an explosion

00:49:19claimed the lives

00:49:20of at least

00:49:21four sailors

00:49:22on one of our

00:49:22naval vessels,

00:49:24the USS Cole,

00:49:24this morning.

00:49:26Terrorism is one

00:49:27of the greatest

00:49:27dangers we face

00:49:29in this new

00:49:30global era.

00:49:34today, we have

00:49:36struck back.

00:49:38The United States

00:49:39launched an attack

00:49:40this morning

00:49:40on one of the most

00:49:42active terrorist bases

00:49:43in the world.

00:49:45It is located in

00:49:46Afghanistan

00:49:46and operated

00:49:48by groups

00:49:49affiliated with

00:49:50Osama Bin Laden.

00:50:00Today, I ordered

00:50:01our armed forces

00:50:02to strike at

00:50:02terrorist-related

00:50:03facilities in

00:50:04Afghanistan and

00:50:05Sudan.

00:50:06From a military

00:50:07perspective,

00:50:08Clinton is an

00:50:09activist president.

00:50:10But from both

00:50:11a military and

00:50:12a political point

00:50:12of view,

00:50:13he's an activist

00:50:14president who

00:50:15doesn't get

00:50:16things done.

00:50:18If you had

00:50:19an opportunity

00:50:19to give a message

00:50:20to President

00:50:22Clinton,

00:50:22what would

00:50:23that message

00:50:23be?

00:50:26Mentioning the

00:50:27name of Clinton

00:50:28provokes

00:50:28disgust and

00:50:29revulsion.

00:50:30The president

00:50:31has a heart

00:50:31that knows

00:50:32no words.

00:50:33A heart

00:50:34that kills

00:50:34hundreds of

00:50:35children

00:50:35definitely

00:50:36knows no words.

00:50:37Our people

00:50:38in Arabia

00:50:39will send

00:50:39him messages

00:50:40without words

00:50:41because he

00:50:41does not

00:50:42understand

00:50:42words.

00:51:16of the

00:51:21E essa é a U.S. que criou raça de sua terra e de sua terra e do seu deserto.

00:51:339-11 acontece.

00:51:35Essa administração, cheia de pessoas que imaginam que eles são grandes experts,

00:51:40catche-se eles, com certeza, por surpresa.

00:51:45Terrorismo contra a nossa nação não vai acontecer.

00:51:49E agora, se você me engano, em um momento de silêncio.

00:51:53E George W. Bush tem o desafio de explicar às pessoas americanas o que aconteceu,

00:51:58e por isso aconteceu, e por isso não vai acontecer de novo.

00:52:04Com toda atrocidade, eles esperam que a América cresce fiel,

00:52:08retratando do mundo e forsacendo nossos amigos.

00:52:12Eles odeiam a liberdade, a liberdade de religião, a liberdade de speech.

00:52:19A liberdade de votação, a liberdade de votação, a liberdade de votação, e a liberdade de todos os outros.

00:52:22E hoje, a U.S. faz as perguntas seguintes sobre os Estados Unidos.

00:52:29A liberdade de votação, todos os líderes de al-Qaeda, que escondem em sua terra.

00:52:38In o tempo de 9-11, a George W. Bush administration fez algumas demandas sobre o taliban,

00:52:43então em poder em afganistan, que não eram desprezadas.

00:52:46Fork over os conspiradores e dê-nos absolutos garantias

00:52:50que você não vai dar sanção para anti-americanos

00:52:56em algum momento em futuro.

00:52:57Eles não vão complicar.

00:52:58E agora para a guerra contra o Talibã.

00:53:01Há quase uma semana que a campanha de bomba contra o Afganistan começou.

00:53:04Como você sabe, não é fácil de ver a picture completa do que está acontecendo.

00:53:07Nós fomos fortunados esta semana

00:53:08para ter o repórter Dan Harris

00:53:11organizado por o Talibã para Kandahar.

00:53:13Bye.

00:53:15Nós fomos sempre em companhia de jovens talibãs,

00:53:18bom natureza e bem armado.

00:53:20Eles nos colocaram em uma casa de casa

00:53:22e fede-nos com comida

00:53:24cozinha de um chefe que tinha perdido o armamento

00:53:26contra os russos.

00:53:27Todos os homens no dia

00:53:29até o topo de trás

00:53:31disse no a handing over bin Laden.

00:53:34Nós não vamos fazer

00:53:35para o nosso muslim

00:53:37para os Estados Unidos

00:53:39especialmente para os americanos

00:53:41que estão presentes

00:53:42matando nossos inimigos.

00:53:45Então, é necessário para nós

00:53:47para o atribuir o Talibã.

00:53:48não é necessário para nós

00:53:50para nos ficar em Afganistan

00:53:51para o melhor parte dos décadas.

00:53:54U.S. OFFICIALS

00:54:21eruptu hoje

00:54:22direto sobre o Tora Bora Caves

00:54:25hiding os finales remédios

00:54:26dos al-Qaeda

00:54:27e possivelmente

00:54:28o líder de Osama Bin Laden.

00:54:30Along the way

00:54:31a U.S. B-52

00:54:33dropped its payload

00:54:34in front of us

00:54:34em direção de Tora Bora

00:54:36then a two-mile hike

00:54:38to the village of Kamado.

00:54:39Here, we saw

00:54:40more than 15 homes

00:54:42obliterated.

00:54:42A guard dog

00:54:43guarded nothing.

00:54:44The air was thick

00:54:45with a stench of death.

00:54:48Why did the Soviet

00:54:50empire collapse?

00:54:51The Soviet empire

00:54:52collapsed as a result

00:54:53of overstrudge.

00:54:55The Soviets

00:54:56tried to do something

00:54:57that they should not

00:54:58have done.

00:54:59They tried to

00:55:00pacify Afghanistan.

00:55:02What appears to be

00:55:03the logic of

00:55:04Bin Laden's war

00:55:06against the United States

00:55:07is to elicit

00:55:08that same kind of reaction

00:55:09on the part

00:55:10of the United States.

00:55:12The Americans

00:55:13have forgotten history

00:55:15and haven't learned

00:55:15from it,

00:55:16says this Taliban soldier.

00:55:17We will bury

00:55:18their skulls

00:55:19in the mountains.

00:55:21The purpose

00:55:22of the 9-11 attack

00:55:23was not to defeat

00:55:25the United States

00:55:25but to cause

00:55:26the United States

00:55:27to behave stupidly

00:55:28in ways that would

00:55:29ultimately lead to

00:55:31the defeat

00:55:32of the United States

00:55:33and once the United States

00:55:34accepted defeat,

00:55:36withdrawal from

00:55:37the Islamic world,

00:55:38clearing the path

00:55:39for Bin Laden

00:55:41then to move on

00:55:41to his second objective

00:55:43of purifying Islam itself.

00:55:46That strategic logic

00:55:47actually worked.

00:55:48We were drawn

00:55:49into an unnecessary

00:55:51and unwinnable war.

00:55:52In the heart of Kabul,

00:55:53U.S. Marines

00:55:54reclaim a strip of America.

00:55:56The U.S. Embassy,

00:55:57closed since 1989,

00:55:59will reopen soon.

00:56:00A new era

00:56:01in U.S.-Afghan relations.

00:56:02But these Marines

00:56:03are tense.

00:56:04Bullets zing overhead

00:56:05at night.

00:56:06This is where the Marines

00:56:07will patrol next.

00:56:08The streets of Kandahar,

00:56:10the spiritual home

00:56:11of the Taliban.

00:56:13Now, even as U.S. forces

00:56:15prepare to enter

00:56:15the airport in Kandahar,

00:56:17Pentagon officials

00:56:17emphasizing tonight

00:56:18that they will not

00:56:19stay long

00:56:20as an occupying force

00:56:22inside of Afghanistan.

00:56:23In four short months,

00:56:25our nation destroyed

00:56:27Afghanistan's terrorist

00:56:28training camps

00:56:29and freed a country

00:56:31from brutal oppression.

00:56:36Kabul is a city on edge.

00:56:38An explosive mix

00:56:39of two million people,

00:56:41mostly refugees,

00:56:42hundreds of thousands

00:56:43of weapons

00:56:43and no government.

00:56:45We are winning the war

00:56:45on terror.

00:56:48This is an instance

00:56:49of the American

00:56:52insistence

00:56:52that we have achieved

00:56:54significant results

00:56:57when, in fact,

00:56:58we haven't.

00:57:03Will the U.S.

00:57:04be as successful

00:57:05in war against Iraq

00:57:06as it was in Afghanistan?

00:57:0866% say yes,

00:57:0926% say no.

00:57:11So the public thinks

00:57:12that the U.S.

00:57:13could get the job done

00:57:14if President Bush

00:57:14gives the order.

00:57:15In fact,

00:57:16I think you had a poll

00:57:16last week that showed

00:57:17that 78% of the American

00:57:19people think we should

00:57:20go after Iraq next.

00:57:21So I think that the

00:57:21president's got an

00:57:22opportunity to lead here.

00:57:24I think with the right

00:57:24leadership and the right

00:57:25strategy,

00:57:25we can accomplish a lot

00:57:26there.

00:57:27Bush and those around him,

00:57:29particularly Vice

00:57:30President Cheney,

00:57:31Secretary of Defense

00:57:32Rumsfeld,

00:57:32Deputy Secretary of Defense

00:57:33Wolfowitz,

00:57:34they didn't see

00:57:35Saddam Hussein's Iraq

00:57:36as a threat

00:57:37or a danger.

00:57:38They saw it as an

00:57:38opportunity.

00:57:39We'll have to deal

00:57:40with the networks.

00:57:41One of the ways

00:57:42to do that

00:57:43is to drain

00:57:43the swamp

00:57:44they live in.

00:57:45And that means

00:57:46dealing not only

00:57:47with the terrorists

00:57:47but those

00:57:48who harbor terrorists.

00:57:49They believed

00:57:50fancifully

00:57:51transforming Iraq

00:57:52into some semblance

00:57:54of a pro-Western

00:57:56liberal democracy

00:57:57was going to be easy.

00:57:59And they believed

00:58:01that by achieving

00:58:02that in Iraq,

00:58:03they would then

00:58:04lay the basis

00:58:05for a broader

00:58:06transformation.

00:58:08They tried to market

00:58:09the Iraq war

00:58:11by portraying

00:58:12Saddam Hussein

00:58:13as the embodiment

00:58:14of evil,

00:58:15as somebody

00:58:15who's acquiring

00:58:16weapons of mass destruction

00:58:17and if given the chance

00:58:19will pass

00:58:20the weapons of mass destruction

00:58:21to al-Qaeda.

00:58:23We know now

00:58:24that's all bogus.

00:58:26Saddam Hussein had nothing

00:58:27to do with 9-11.

00:58:28He certainly didn't have

00:58:30weapons of mass destruction

00:58:31and indeed

00:58:32didn't even have

00:58:33a significant

00:58:33weapons of mass destruction

00:58:35program underway.

00:58:36Roger, they can continue

00:58:38with that task

00:58:39out to you.

00:58:41Bravo, one,

00:58:42this is Bravo, over.

00:58:43A human life

00:58:44is a human life.

00:58:45A human limb

00:58:46is a human limb.

00:58:46If you care about

00:58:47a human life,

00:58:48then you have to lift

00:58:49the embargo.

00:58:50Well, no,

00:58:52that's not for me

00:58:53because I'm merely

00:58:54an engineer

00:58:54looking at the supergun.

00:58:55I am an engineer, too,

00:58:57and this is the easiest

00:58:57way for us.

00:59:14What we're giving you

00:59:17are facts and conclusions

00:59:19based on solid intelligence.

00:59:21This is evidence,

00:59:22not conjecture.

00:59:24This is true.

00:59:25This is all well-documented.

00:59:26Now, I believe the facts

00:59:28that have brought us

00:59:29to this fateful vote

00:59:30are not in doubt.

00:59:31That if left unchecked,

00:59:33Saddam Hussein

00:59:34will continue

00:59:35to increase his capacity

00:59:37to wage biological

00:59:38and chemical warfare

00:59:40and will keep trying

00:59:42to develop nuclear weapons.

00:59:48We're back

00:59:49with Operation Iraq Freedom.

00:59:51The war against Saddam Hussein

00:59:53is underway.

00:59:54The White House

00:59:55announced tonight

00:59:56at about 9.45

00:59:57that the president

00:59:58would be coming out

00:59:59to say

01:00:00that the process

01:00:01of disarming Iraq

01:00:03is underway.

01:00:04American and coalition forces

01:00:05are in the early stages

01:00:06of military operations

01:00:08to disarm Iraq,

01:00:10to free its people,

01:00:11and to defend the world

01:00:12from grave danger.

01:00:15Right in front of us,

01:00:18at least 10 major buildings

01:00:19destroyed, Tom,

01:00:20in the course of about

01:00:21two minutes.

01:00:22An amazing sight.

01:00:24Just like out of an action movie,

01:00:26but this is real.

01:00:27This is real.

01:00:29This is shock and awe, Tom.

01:00:33It's already 40 cruise missiles

01:00:36have come in at this point.

01:00:38One building after another

01:00:40going down, Tom.

01:00:41They're taking out

01:00:42whole buildings

01:00:43with these cruise missiles.

01:00:45Whole buildings.

01:00:50Saddam Hussein

01:00:51has constructed

01:00:52the West Bank of the city

01:00:54in the past 20 years

01:00:55of his government.

01:00:56It's disappearing

01:00:57before our very eyes.

01:01:10The conviction was

01:01:12that a demonstration

01:01:14of American military supremacy,

01:01:16not simply American military strength,

01:01:19American military supremacy,

01:01:21the capacity

01:01:22to win

01:01:24decisive victory

01:01:26quickly and cheaply,

01:01:29and the will

01:01:29to do that,

01:01:31that in a sense

01:01:32that would transform

01:01:33the entire landscape

01:01:34in the region.

01:01:36And let's face it,

01:01:37if you look at

01:01:38the first six weeks

01:01:39of the war,

01:01:40they thought

01:01:41they had it done.

01:01:42The Iraq war

01:01:43had ended.

01:01:46On to the next thing.

01:02:09They're trying to take over

01:02:10the government.

01:02:11We're not going to let it.

01:02:13You know,

01:02:13I am the governor.

01:02:14I am the governor

01:02:15of this place.

01:02:16By default,

01:02:17and by the law of war,

01:02:18we conquered these people,

01:02:20so now I'm responsible

01:02:21for taking care of them.

01:02:23I will take any questions

01:02:24if anyone has any.

01:02:25If I don't know the answer,

01:02:26I'll make one up.

01:02:28We want the freedom.

01:02:30Freedom

01:02:31not just from Saddam.

01:02:33We want the freedom

01:02:34also from American military.

01:02:36Okay?

01:02:38In April 2003,

01:02:41the 82nd Airborne

01:02:42had commandeered

01:02:43a schoolhouse

01:02:44in Fallujah

01:02:45to be used as billets

01:02:47for an infantry company.

01:02:48Yet as long as GIs

01:02:50remained in the schoolhouse,

01:02:51there could be no classes.

01:02:53Angry Iraqis

01:02:54gathered to protest

01:02:56the presence of the Americans.

01:02:57They threw stones.

01:02:59They chanted

01:03:00anti-American slogans.

01:03:03And eventually somebody,

01:03:04no one really knows who,

01:03:06fired a shot.

01:03:07Consequence,

01:03:08the Americans launched

01:03:10a fusillade

01:03:11of fire

01:03:12that killed

01:03:13more than a dozen Iraqis

01:03:15and wounded dozens more.

01:03:18American casualties

01:03:19were zero.

01:03:21It was like

01:03:22the Boston Massacre

01:03:23of 1770.

01:03:24Except now,

01:03:25the Americans

01:03:26were the redcoats

01:03:27and the Iraqis

01:03:28were the patriots

01:03:29demanding that

01:03:30foreign troops

01:03:32leave their city.

01:03:33I don't know.

01:03:36No news on the

01:03:38British Army to coups.

01:03:39No, are you no fun?

01:03:40The British?

01:03:41The British are good people.

01:03:43Good boys.

01:03:45We'll come, we'll come.

01:03:48If you are

01:03:49an Iraqi,

01:03:50it's difficult to buy

01:03:52the rhetoric of

01:03:53we're here to spread freedom.

01:03:55Anglo,

01:03:56English,

01:03:57British,

01:03:58those terms stand

01:03:59for something

01:03:59other than liberation.

01:04:01They stand for

01:04:02oppression.

01:04:03They stand for

01:04:04manipulation.

01:04:05They stand for

01:04:06exploitation.

01:04:08The locals,

01:04:09they didn't like them

01:04:10working with Americans

01:04:11and pretty much nightly

01:04:13they would shoot

01:04:14at the bunker,

01:04:15fire rockets,

01:04:16fire mortars,

01:04:17things of that nature.

01:04:18But it was an adjustment

01:04:20and quite exciting

01:04:20getting used to

01:04:21the nightly gunfire

01:04:22and the firework shows.

01:04:24So things are better now, sir?

01:04:26Things are much better.

01:04:28Since the transfer of authority,

01:04:29I think that at least

01:04:31in my perception

01:04:32and walking the streets

01:04:33is the people

01:04:33have come to terms

01:04:35with the fact that

01:04:36we are not here

01:04:37to take over their country.

01:04:38We're here to help out

01:04:40where we can.

01:04:40Welcome to ORF today.

01:04:42Your source for the latest news

01:04:44on Operation Iraqi Freedom.

01:04:46With the help of coalition advisors,

01:04:48Iraqi security forces

01:04:49captured seven insurgents

01:04:50involved in extrajudicial

01:04:52killing cells

01:04:53during two raids

01:04:53in the capital city.

01:04:55Iraqi forces detained

01:04:56two insurgents

01:04:57believed to be involved

01:04:58in several kidnappings

01:04:59of Iraqi citizens

01:05:00working for coalition forces.

01:05:02Some of the others

01:05:03arrested are suspected

01:05:04of weapons stealing

01:05:05and backing foreign fighters.

01:05:07The first cohort

01:05:08of U.S. commanders

01:05:09charged with the occupation

01:05:11of Iraq

01:05:11put down a very big bet.

01:05:15They wagered

01:05:16that repression

01:05:17could produce submission.

01:05:28Name.

01:05:30Lieutenant Charles Wilkins.

01:05:32Where are you from?

01:05:32Columbus, Ohio.

01:05:34Can you give me an idea

01:05:35of what we just got

01:05:36finished here?

01:05:37What we just finished here

01:05:38was the earth work,

01:05:41the horizontal work

01:05:41for a 2,000-man

01:05:43and fundamentally

01:05:44a holding facility.

01:05:46We understand

01:05:46there's going to be

01:05:47some activity

01:05:48whereby we may have

01:05:49some detainees.

01:05:50We need a place

01:05:51to hold them.

01:05:52Constantino wire,

01:05:53triple strand,

01:05:53a military standard

01:05:54to, I guess,

01:05:56kind of keep

01:05:56the detainees in.

01:05:57What's it for?

01:05:59Hold in,

01:06:00from what I hear,

01:06:01hold in to whoever

01:06:02we take tonight.

01:06:04Prisoner and whoever,

01:06:07whoever's alive,

01:06:07I guess.

01:06:08I don't know.

01:06:09The Americans

01:06:11locked up thousands,

01:06:12often on specious grounds.

01:06:14But the prisons

01:06:15in which they were

01:06:16confined proved

01:06:18to be a breeding ground

01:06:19for insurgents.

01:06:21A policy of round them up

01:06:23and lock them up

01:06:25only made things worse.

01:06:27That's me.

01:06:29And that's me too

01:06:30in front.

01:06:31They told us

01:06:33to take off

01:06:33our clothing.

01:06:34And we said no,

01:06:36saying it's against Islam.

01:06:38Then,

01:06:38they started beating us.

01:06:41American politicians

01:06:42and U.S. commanders,

01:06:44speaking with one voice,

01:06:45depicted our purposes

01:06:47as benign

01:06:48and enlightened.

01:06:49And we intended

01:06:50to make Iraq

01:06:51a better place

01:06:52for Iraqis.

01:06:53The photos

01:06:54at Abu Ghraib

01:06:55simply exposed

01:06:57that as a lie.

01:06:59In the new era

01:07:00that is coming to Iraq,

01:07:02your country

01:07:02will no longer

01:07:03be held captive

01:07:04to the will

01:07:05of a cruel dictator.

01:07:07When American leaders

01:07:08embark upon

01:07:09some expansionist project,

01:07:10they rarely speak plainly

01:07:12about its true purpose.

01:07:14Instead,

01:07:14they talk about

01:07:14America's mission

01:07:15to spread freedom

01:07:17and democracy.

01:07:19It's a way

01:07:19of camouflaging imperialism

01:07:21and making it

01:07:22more palatable

01:07:23to the American people.

01:07:24The purpose

01:07:25of U.S. military involvement

01:07:27in and around

01:07:27the Persian Gulf

01:07:28has never been

01:07:30about freedom.

01:07:31It's been about oil

01:07:32and dominion.

01:07:34The nightmare

01:07:35that Saddam Hussein

01:07:36has brought

01:07:36to your nation

01:07:37will soon be over.

01:07:39You are a good

01:07:40and gifted people,

01:07:42the heirs

01:07:43of a great civilization

01:07:44that contributes

01:07:45to all humanity.

01:07:47You deserve better

01:07:48than tyranny

01:07:48and corruption

01:07:49and torture chambers.

01:07:50You deserve to live

01:07:52as free people

01:07:53and I assure

01:07:54every citizen of Iraq,

01:07:56your nation

01:07:57will soon be free.

01:08:03It's pretty amazing

01:08:04to go out there

01:08:05and the kids

01:08:06just gather around

01:08:08any soldier like crazy

01:08:09and ask,

01:08:10I mean,

01:08:10ask for candy

01:08:11and ask for money

01:08:16and pens and pencils.

01:08:17and they're just eager

01:08:19for anything

01:08:20that the soldiers

01:08:21can share.

01:08:22They just love it.

01:08:23You know,

01:08:23and that's how

01:08:24we're going to win

01:08:25this thing eventually

01:08:26is, you know,

01:08:27the adults have already

01:08:29made up their minds

01:08:30in which way

01:08:31they're going to go,

01:08:32but the kids

01:08:32in a generation

01:08:34are going to understand

01:08:35that we weren't here

01:08:35to do anything

01:08:36but help them

01:08:37and they're the ones

01:08:39that are going to

01:08:39understand democracy

01:08:40down the road.

01:08:52On November 8th,

01:08:53Operation Al-Bajir

01:08:54kicked off

01:08:55at the request

01:08:55of Iraq's Prime Minister

01:08:56Iha Dallawi

01:08:57and the interior

01:08:58of Iraqi government.

01:08:59The Marine Corps'

01:09:00Regimental Combat Team 1

01:09:01and 7,

01:09:02along with elements

01:09:03of the U.S. Army,

01:09:04were called upon

01:09:04to assault and clear

01:09:05the corrupted city

01:09:06of Fallujah,

01:09:07which had been acting

01:09:08as a safehold

01:09:08for numerous

01:09:09anti-Iraqi insurgents

01:09:10and various foreign fighters

01:09:12over the past

01:09:12several months.

01:09:14General,

01:09:14there's a lot of debate

01:09:15back in the States,

01:09:16as you know,

01:09:17as to who exactly

01:09:18we're fighting

01:09:18in the streets

01:09:19down there.

01:09:20Are we fighting

01:09:20remnants of the

01:09:21Saddam regime?

01:09:22Are we fighting

01:09:24terrorists coming in

01:09:25from outside,

01:09:26jihadists?

01:09:26Are we fighting

01:09:27just Iraqis

01:09:28who were ticked off

01:09:29at the occupation?

01:09:33The fighters in Ajax

01:09:34didn't have the will

01:09:35to fight

01:09:35that the fighters

01:09:37that we're seeing here

01:09:38do.

01:09:39I don't know

01:09:40whether that's

01:09:41because they're

01:09:41different to a different

01:09:44political group

01:09:45or a different tribe.

01:09:47It might have to do

01:09:48with, you know,

01:09:49this is supposedly

01:09:50the last stronghold

01:09:51of the insurgency

01:09:53here in Iraq.

01:09:54So it might be,

01:09:55you know,

01:09:56kind of back

01:09:56to a new corner thing.

01:10:00Car bombs

01:10:01have targeted

01:10:01hundreds of innocent

01:10:02Iraqis,

01:10:03including dozens

01:10:04of Sunni Arabs

01:10:05leaving a mosque

01:10:06in Al-Anbar province.

01:10:08Suicide vest bombers

01:10:09killed over three

01:10:10dozen students

01:10:11at Mustansariah University

01:10:13in Baghdad.

01:10:1414 Iraqi policemen

01:10:16were killed

01:10:16execution style

01:10:17while bound

01:10:18and blindfolded

01:10:19last week.

01:10:20The Iraqi vice president

01:10:21was wounded

01:10:22by an assassination

01:10:23attempt,

01:10:24though thankfully

01:10:25and impressively

01:10:26he remains undaunted

01:10:27and is already

01:10:28back on the job.

01:10:30Sometimes the attacks

01:10:32against us

01:10:33either seem to be

01:10:34ignored or assisted

01:10:37by Iraqi security forces.

01:10:39I'm wondering

01:10:40what actions

01:10:41are being taken

01:10:42against people

01:10:43that we might deem

01:10:44to be corrupt

01:10:46or counter

01:10:47to our efforts.

01:10:49You know that

01:10:50in every conflict

01:10:52in our country's history

01:10:53there have been

01:10:54those who said

01:10:55let's toss in the towel.

01:10:58It isn't working

01:11:00they say.

01:11:01It was true

01:11:02in the Revolutionary War

01:11:05George Washington

01:11:06was almost fired.

01:11:08It would be interesting

01:11:09I think to see

01:11:10what the true historians

01:11:13will say

01:11:14of this period

01:11:1420 or 30 years from now.

01:11:18For a parent

01:11:19the thought of burying

01:11:20a son or daughter

01:11:21is unimaginable.

01:11:23Last week

01:11:23the unimaginable

01:11:25became a reality

01:11:26in Walpole.

01:11:27It was a day

01:11:27that brought townspeople

01:11:28together in support

01:11:30and grief.

01:11:31Outside the church

01:11:32Nancy and Andrew

01:11:34Basevitz Sr.

01:11:35watched the flag

01:11:36draped casket

01:11:36of their only son

01:11:37slip into a hearse

01:11:39for the short ride

01:11:40to a nearby cemetery.

01:11:43When my son

01:11:44was serving

01:11:45I was immensely proud

01:11:47of his decision

01:11:49to serve

01:11:49and I was immensely proud

01:11:51of everything

01:11:52that he did

01:11:55I actually felt

01:11:56it was my responsibility

01:11:57to my son

01:12:00to speak the truth

01:12:02as I was given

01:12:04to understand the truth.

01:12:06So you're a conservative

01:12:07but you're an Obama man?

01:12:10I've said that in print.

01:12:11The prospect

01:12:12of an Obama presidency

01:12:13I think is the one

01:12:14where there is

01:12:15some hope

01:12:17of rethinking

01:12:18the emphasis placed

01:12:20on military power.

01:12:27He has kept

01:12:28his promise

01:12:30to responsibly

01:12:32bring you home

01:12:33from Iraq.

01:12:35President Obama

01:12:36ran in 2008

01:12:38making two promises.

01:12:40One promise was

01:12:42elect me president

01:12:43and I will bring

01:12:44the Iraq war

01:12:45to a responsible end.

01:12:46Because of you

01:12:48and the work

01:12:49of those of you

01:12:51in uniform have done

01:12:52we are now

01:12:53able to end this war.

01:12:56The second was

01:12:57elect me president

01:12:58and I will win

01:12:59the Afghanistan war

01:13:00which he described

01:13:02as the necessary war.

01:13:03It is in our

01:13:04vital national interest

01:13:05to send an additional

01:13:0730,000 U.S. troops

01:13:08to Afghanistan.

01:13:09Let me press you

01:13:11on that Andy

01:13:11if we withdraw

01:13:12you will have

01:13:13a country

01:13:13that has

01:13:14allows Al Qaeda

01:13:16and its ilk

01:13:17to operate

01:13:18to train

01:13:18to have bases

01:13:19why is that

01:13:20not a threat?

01:13:21It seems to me

01:13:22that we should

01:13:23at least examine

01:13:24the possibility

01:13:24that there are ways

01:13:26to prevent that

01:13:27from happening

01:13:28that don't require

01:13:29us to maintain

01:13:30tens of thousands

01:13:32of U.S. troops

01:13:32there in perpetuity.

01:13:41Coalition forces

01:13:42launched Operation

01:13:43Odyssey Dawn

01:13:44to establish

01:13:45a no-fly zone

01:13:46over Libya

01:13:46March 19.

01:13:48Meanwhile

01:13:49yesterday marked

01:13:50the definitive end

01:13:51of the Gaddafi regime

01:13:52in Libya

01:13:53and there too

01:13:54our military

01:13:55played a critical role

01:13:56in shaping

01:13:58a situation

01:13:59on the ground

01:14:00in which

01:14:01the Libyan people

01:14:01can build

01:14:02their own future.

01:14:03At least 3,000 people

01:14:05died last year

01:14:06trying to reach Europe

01:14:07by crossing

01:14:07the Mediterranean

01:14:08flimsy vessels

01:14:10provided by

01:14:10people smugglers

01:14:11proving no match

01:14:13for the high seas.

01:14:14I've made it clear

01:14:15that I will never

01:14:16hesitate to use

01:14:17our military

01:14:18swiftly,

01:14:19decisively

01:14:19and unilaterally

01:14:21when necessary.

01:14:24That's why

01:14:25we're going

01:14:26after Al Qaeda

01:14:26wherever they seek

01:14:27a foothold.

01:14:30Obama says

01:14:31we're going to

01:14:31abandon the methods

01:14:32that have not worked

01:14:33not to rethink

01:14:34basic policy

01:14:35but to embrace

01:14:37a different set

01:14:37of methods

01:14:38to continue the war.

01:14:45Rather than

01:14:46invading

01:14:46and occupying countries

01:14:47we're going to

01:14:48place a greater emphasis

01:14:49on airstrikes

01:14:51missile firing drones.

01:14:53Actually we'll have

01:14:54three

01:14:54so perhaps

01:14:55instead of being

01:14:5573

01:14:58and therefore

01:14:59the American

01:15:00people

01:15:01once more

01:15:02disengaged.

01:15:16Iraq seems to be

01:15:18disintegrating

01:15:19as terrorist

01:15:19organization

01:15:20ISS

01:15:21now controls

01:15:22Mosul

01:15:22Iraq's

01:15:23the second-largest city.

01:15:25Fallujah

01:15:26and much of

01:15:27Ramadi

01:15:27parts of

01:15:31Baja,

01:15:32Tukret.

01:15:37Though significantly

01:15:38outnumbered

01:15:39ISIS managed

01:15:41to overwhelm

01:15:43entire divisions

01:15:44of the Iraqi army

01:15:45many of whom

01:15:46removed their uniforms

01:15:47and ran.

01:15:48When we elected

01:15:50President Obama

01:15:50I think the

01:15:51expectations

01:15:52were that

01:15:53he was going to

01:15:54score an A.

01:15:56Remember he's the guy

01:15:57that upon

01:15:57being inaugurated

01:15:59received the

01:16:00Nobel Peace Prize.

01:16:01He doesn't deserve an A.

01:16:02He probably deserves

01:16:03about a C.

01:16:04Why does this matter?

01:16:05Why should people care

01:16:06about what's happening

01:16:07in Iraq

01:16:08given the problems

01:16:09we have here at home?

01:16:10These are vital,

01:16:11vital U.S. interests

01:16:12in Iraq.

01:16:12Number one,

01:16:13the counterterrorism,

01:16:14the al-Qaeda threat.

01:16:14Number two,

01:16:15just the supply

01:16:16of energy resources

01:16:17to global markets.

01:16:19Iraq through 2035

01:16:21will account

01:16:22for 45%

01:16:23of all of the growth

01:16:24in oil energy exports.

01:16:25If Iraq were to collapse

01:16:27in a major civil war

01:16:28and sectarian war

01:16:29the effects

01:16:31to our own economy

01:16:32here at home

01:16:32would be quite serious.

01:16:36Good afternoon everybody.

01:16:37Please be seated.

01:16:43It is a great honor

01:16:45to return

01:16:46to the National Defense

01:16:48University.

01:16:50Can you tell

01:16:52some of the people

01:16:52their lives

01:16:53are as precious

01:16:54as our lives?

01:16:55Can you take the drones

01:16:57out of the hands

01:16:58of the CIA?

01:16:59Can you stop

01:17:00the signature strikes

01:17:01of killing people

01:17:02on the basis

01:17:04of suspicious activities?

01:17:05We're addressing that, ma'am.

01:17:09In early 2015

01:17:11I received an email

01:17:12inviting me

01:17:13to have lunch

01:17:13with the president

01:17:14in the Oval Office.

01:17:17And first I thought

01:17:18it was a joke.

01:17:19It turned out

01:17:20not to be a joke.

01:17:21I reported

01:17:22to the Oval Office

01:17:23and we had lunch

01:17:25one-on-one.

01:17:28He clearly

01:17:29had either read

01:17:30my books

01:17:31or had been

01:17:33briefed on

01:17:34my books.

01:17:35I had gone in

01:17:37with a list

01:17:37of things

01:17:37I wanted

01:17:38to suggest

01:17:38to him.

01:17:42I suggested

01:17:43a serious

01:17:44evaluation

01:17:46of

01:17:48the origins

01:17:49of our wars

01:17:50and their conduct.

01:17:54I know I talked

01:17:55to him about

01:17:56the all-volunteer force.

01:17:58I mean,

01:17:59why are the

01:17:59American people

01:18:01detached

01:18:03from our wars?

01:18:04I mean,

01:18:05there is a very

01:18:06simple answer.

01:18:07It's because

01:18:08unless you volunteer

01:18:09to sign up,

01:18:11you,

01:18:12your family,

01:18:13you are untouched

01:18:14by these wars.

01:18:19On each of the points

01:18:20I made,

01:18:21his basic response

01:18:22was,

01:18:24that's a really

01:18:25good idea.

01:18:28Now let me

01:18:29explain to you

01:18:30why I can't

01:18:30do that.

01:18:32And I came

01:18:33away thinking

01:18:33that even

01:18:35when a

01:18:36president

01:18:36like Obama

01:18:37tries to reach

01:18:38outside the

01:18:39bubble

01:18:39and hear

01:18:41other voices,

01:18:43even if that's

01:18:44undertaken

01:18:46seriously,

01:18:48that it's

01:18:49unlikely to have

01:18:50any real effect.

01:18:51because after

01:18:53an hour

01:18:53in the Oval

01:18:54Office,

01:18:54I left

01:18:55and this

01:18:57staff

01:18:58is still there.

01:19:00Congress

01:19:00is still there.

01:19:02The New York

01:19:03Times and

01:19:03The Washington

01:19:03Post and

01:19:04NBC News

01:19:05are still

01:19:06there.

01:19:09And they

01:19:10create

01:19:11the operating

01:19:12environment

01:19:13which constrains

01:19:14a president.

01:19:17And during

01:19:18my administration,

01:19:20I,

01:19:21we,

01:19:21all together

01:19:22destroyed

01:19:23the caliphate

01:19:24and now

01:19:25we want

01:19:26the countries

01:19:27in the region

01:19:29to police

01:19:29their own borders.

01:19:31We don't want

01:19:31to be a

01:19:32policeman

01:19:33in this case.

01:19:34But we're

01:19:34keeping the oil.

01:19:35Remember that.

01:19:36I've always said that.

01:19:37Keep the oil.

01:19:44The folly

01:19:45has now been

01:19:46laid bare.

01:19:46The news

01:19:47of the day

01:19:48is one more

01:19:48president

01:19:50campaigning

01:19:50to bring

01:19:51the troops

01:19:51home

01:19:51only to

01:19:52continue

01:19:53the war

01:19:53once in

01:19:54office.

01:19:54And this

01:19:55time without

01:19:56even the

01:19:56pretext

01:19:57of a

01:19:58coherent

01:19:58strategy.

01:19:59We took

01:20:00action last

01:20:01night to

01:20:01stop

01:20:02a war.

01:20:04We did

01:20:05not

01:20:05take action

01:20:07to start

01:20:08a war.

01:20:09This is a

01:20:10war we've

01:20:10been fighting

01:20:11for 40 years.

01:20:12A war we fight

01:20:13because we

01:20:14believe our

01:20:15way of life

01:20:15depends on

01:20:17access to

01:20:17oil against

01:20:19local people

01:20:20who don't want

01:20:22us to

01:20:23dominate their

01:20:24politics.

01:20:32When people

01:20:33say to me

01:20:33thank you

01:20:34for your

01:20:34service I

01:20:35just ignore

01:20:35it.

01:20:36I find it

01:20:36annoying.

01:20:37But more to

01:20:38the point

01:20:38it's pretty

01:20:39clear within

01:20:39the ranks

01:20:40of the

01:20:40active

01:20:41duty

01:20:42military

01:20:42that

01:20:43phrase

01:20:43is a

01:20:44red flag.

01:20:46If I

01:20:46say to

01:20:47a soldier

01:20:47thank you

01:20:48for your

01:20:49service

01:20:50I'm

01:20:51making

01:20:51myself

01:20:51feel

01:20:52good.

01:20:54I'm

01:20:55making a

01:20:55pretense

01:20:56of fulfilling

01:20:57some sort

01:20:58of

01:20:59obligation

01:21:00or

01:21:00responsibility

01:21:00and having

01:21:02thanked you

01:21:03for your

01:21:03service I

01:21:04have now

01:21:04acquitted

01:21:05that

01:21:05responsibility

01:21:06and I

01:21:07can

01:21:07therefore

01:21:07go about

01:21:08my

01:21:08business

01:21:09feeling

01:21:10virtuous.

01:21:12As

01:21:13citizens

01:21:13we have

01:21:14a responsibility

01:21:14to be

01:21:16seriously

01:21:16concerned

01:21:17about the

01:21:18well-being

01:21:18of our

01:21:19soldiers.

01:21:19And that

01:21:20serious

01:21:21concern

01:21:21simply

01:21:22doesn't

01:21:22exist

01:21:22in our

01:21:23country.

01:21:24What we

01:21:24have

01:21:25is

01:21:25gestures.

01:21:49and

01:22:07after

01:22:17which

01:22:18in

01:22:18the

01:22:18ways

01:22:18are

01:22:19able

01:22:19to

01:22:19can be

01:22:19Amém.

01:22:49Amém.

01:23:21Amém.

01:23:49Amém.

01:24:20Amém.

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