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Sialkot, Pakistan produces most of the world’s footballs, but only a select group of manufacturers hold FIFA licenses. To earn certification, factories must pass a series of demanding performance tests and pay high licensing fees. We visited Bola Gema to see what it takes to meet FIFA standards, and why manufacturers are willing to invest for a chance to cash in on World Cup demand.

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Transcript
00:01This factory produces more than 2 million footballs a year.
00:08And right before the World Cup, demand explodes all across Sialkot.
00:13A city in Pakistan that makes about 70% of the world's footballs.
00:19But only a small percentage of the roughly 1,000 factories here are FIFA certified
00:25because they need to meet some of the toughest standards in sports manufacturing.
00:31For Bola Gema, that means serious precision at every step.
00:36All the way from molding rubber, to dyeing the sheets, cutting up the panels, and finally stitching the ball.
00:44We have skills required in this space.
00:48And we can make the skills of perfection.
00:50We can make proper volume.
00:52We went inside one of the largest factories that's racing to meet global demand
00:58and cash in on football's biggest moment.
01:04Melting rubber is the first step of producing footballs at Bola Gema.
01:10This is a mixing machine.
01:12We put raw materials in it.
01:14Then we make a feeding rule in rubber.
01:17They cut the rubber sheets into the proper size and measure their thickness.
01:22After that, they leave them in a temperature-controlled room to set for 24 hours.
01:27Then the rubber is cut and shaped to form the bladder, which is the inner core of the ball.
01:35Workers inflate this and leave it in steam machines to solidify.
01:40One mistake here can ruin the entire ball, because the bladder determines the shape, bounce, and overall performance.
01:49That's why Mohamed Shaqeel Bhatt checks them at each step of the production process.
02:02The bladders for professional-grade balls go through one more step.
02:06They're wrapped in strips of fabric and tightly wound with nylon thread to lock in the shape and size.
02:14The external layer of the ball is produced in another part of the factory, using massive machines that combine foam,
02:22fabric, and synthetic polymers.
02:25The new material is dyed into different colors.
02:28The entire bonding process is called lamination, and it makes the shell of the ball waterproof and rugged.
02:36The last time, we didn't have a lamination plant.
02:39We had to use lamination materials to our vendors.
02:43Now, we made the lamination plant in-house and produced in-house.
02:48Workers cut those sheets into the panels that will eventually form the balls.
02:54Some of the designs are added in an old-school way, through screen printing.
02:58Where there are more colors, we do digital printing.
03:02Where there are more colors, we do digital printing.
03:02Where there are more colors, we do screen printing.
03:04It's a faster process.
03:07Traditionally, footballs are made of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons.
03:11Years ago, the factory would hand-stitch them together.
03:16After stitching, it's art.
03:17If you're sculpting the ball, the roundness will be better.
03:29So, to scale up, Bola Gema started using sewing machines.
03:33These days, they produce at least three kinds of balls.
03:37First, there are these machine-stitched, entry-level balls.
03:41They can make as many as 6,000 a day.
03:52Once the bladder is inserted, workers cinch it up by hand.
04:03Then they've got the semi-professional balls.
04:06The highest quality, professional-grade balls are joined together using a different technique,
04:22called thermal bonding.
04:24And while it sounds complicated, the first few steps are all done simply by hand.
04:29First, workers line the edges of each panel with a super strong fabric glue.
04:36Piecing them together is like a puzzle.
04:38They refer to a diagram and join them.
04:42Next, the shell is placed in this machine,
04:45where the panels are bonded with the bladder using heat.
04:50This process has been used to make World Cup balls since 2006.
04:58Workers check the weight to make sure it meets the FIFA standard of 410 to 445 grams.
05:05To keep things fair, all balls should weigh the same.
05:09If they're too light, they could easily be pushed around by the wind.
05:12If they're too heavy, they would be difficult for players to control and could even hurt them.
05:19That's why Bola Gema has a lab where they run select samples through a series of performance tests.
05:25When the sample is ready, we test the machine on the machine.
05:29The machine shoots a football at about 50 km an hour up to 2,000 times to make sure it
05:41maintains its shape and stitching.
05:44Whatever the process is, we can see the quality together.
05:48If we skip the quality anywhere,
05:51then it will become a big blunder.
05:55It will be a big mistake in front of us.
05:56And the factory can't afford any mistakes.
06:00Because the next step is getting a four-year license from FIFA.
06:04The initial cost for that is about $25,000.
06:08It includes advanced royalty fees paid to FIFA.
06:11But if Bola Gema sells more balls than expected,
06:15they have to pay an additional $2 per ball for the top quality models.
06:20Then there's a long list of other hidden costs too,
06:24like joining the World Federation of the Sporting Goods Industry.
06:27That's around a $1,900 annual fee.
06:31And buying mandatory insurance.
06:33That's another $1,800 a year.
06:50Bola Gema also has to send samples for testing to one of FIFA's labs in the UK, Germany or Switzerland,
06:57which costs them $3,500.
07:14And to keep that license active,
07:21the factory needs to conduct an independent audit every year,
07:25which costs them around $10,000.
07:28Still, that license can be revoked at any time if FIFA finds mistakes.
07:33They perform random quality checks on licensed balls
07:36by picking them up at retail stores and testing them.
07:40Being certified doesn't mean these balls are headed to the World Cup.
07:44But major brands and sponsors are now more likely to order from this factory.
07:49And that can transform the business.
07:52Bola Gema sells more than a million extra balls during a World Cup year.
07:57And with around half of FIFA's certified manufacturers located in Sialkot,
08:03the city is cashing in big time.
08:06The industry here dates back long before the World Cup.
08:10In the late 19th century, local artisans began making balls for British colonists,
08:15a skill rooted in Sialkot's long history of leather craftsmanship.
08:34Today, roughly 8% of the city's population works in football production.
08:39But the sport isn't very popular in Pakistan, even among folks who work at Bola Gema.
08:45So we are not going to watch, but not playing.
08:48I also play cricket.
08:50Just in the case of cricket, like Pakistan,
08:52I think 99% of the cricket play.
08:55I play badminton.
08:57It's a hard time for you.
09:00If you play with your friends,
09:02then you play badminton.
09:05Even badminton rackets are made in Sialkot,
09:08which is considered the sporting goods capital of the world.
09:14After the finishing touches, workers deflate the balls and pack them.
09:18None of their stock is sold in Pakistan.
09:21It's exported across Europe, the Middle East, and the U.S.,
09:25where tariffs have made it hard to do business.
09:27It's a wire.
09:28It's to pay 19% of the sports wall.
09:31It's unnecessary.
09:33It's not a necessary item.
09:37So the American market has a lot of affected.
09:44The factory sells the lowest quality mini balls
09:47at a wholesale price of about $2 each,
09:51while the highest quality FIFA-licensed balls
09:53go for around $25.
09:56For Bola Gema, there's just a 10% profit margin.
10:00The real money is made later in the supply chain,
10:03when footballs like these sell at sports stores
10:06for a higher price tag of nearly $200.
10:09And with football still the world's most popular sport,
10:14Bola Gema doesn't see business slowing down anytime soon.
10:26After labouring over each cut, stitch, and quality check,
10:32the team finds joy in seeing the final product.
10:35After a while, when you have a football,
10:39it's a very good feeling.
10:41It's like a newborn baby.
10:44It's very good.
10:45Our homegrown product is a homegrown product.
10:46When our homegrown product is played in the world,
10:49when the name of Pakistan comes,
10:50it's a very good feeling.
10:52And it's really happy.
10:54You'll be happy.
10:55But, as always,
10:55we'll be happy.
10:55You want to be happy.
10:55We'll be happy.
10:55We'll be happy.
10:56Have a happy wedding.
10:57Amen.
10:59Happy wedding.
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