00:00Who faces the most online hate in Europe?
00:06In 2025, just under half of internet users in 20 EU countries encountered messages online
00:13that they considered hostile and degrading towards specific groups of people or individuals.
00:19The highest shares were recorded in Ireland, Hungary, Finland and Slovakia.
00:24In contrast, the lowest shares were in Latvia, Greece, Germany and Lithuania.
00:29These messages targeted different groups of people or individuals.
00:33Most people saw messages that targeted others for their political or social views,
00:37racial and ethnic origin, sexual orientation and religion or belief.
00:42Hostile messages also targeted people based on sex, disability, age or other personal characteristics.
00:49In the last quarter of 2025, Western and Southern Europe registered a higher level of social media toxicity,
00:56according to the European Observatory of Online Hate.
01:00Anti-Semitic content is frequently linked to racist themes with significant overlaps with religion and politics,
01:06highlighting the deeply ideological and conspirational nature of this discourse.
01:11This is followed by anti-Muslim, anti-LGBTQ+, and anti-refugee content.
01:16X was found to be the most toxic social media platform among YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok,
01:23although levels of toxicity have remained stable or even decreased.
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