- 2 days ago
Endgame- Plan, Calculation
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GamingTranscript
00:00:00Good evening, good afternoon, and good morning, depending on where you are in the world.
00:00:04What I'd like to first do is welcome all the people watching this live on Facebook.
00:00:10I do appreciate that.
00:00:11What I'm going to be doing is I'm going to be starting a...
00:00:16Hopefully this will be a daily series on Endgame.
00:00:20Actually, not daily, but I'll have...
00:00:23This will be the beginning of my series, so not necessarily daily.
00:00:28I may have it multiple times a week, but this will be the first day of the series.
00:00:33It may end up being daily, but for now, I'm going to have different themes for chess instruction.
00:00:41What I'm going to be doing is I'm going to...
00:00:43My objective is to talk about the Endgame.
00:00:47And for this lesson, we're going to talk about King and Pawn.
00:00:50All right, there's not too many of them.
00:00:53But the important thing is not what are the individual moves so much as in what's the technique and what
00:01:02is the reason for why it's played.
00:01:06Now, keep in mind that we're looking for technique and we're looking for strategy.
00:01:10Now, let's talk about this position here.
00:01:13Now, this is white to play here.
00:01:17So, one of the features when we look at an Endgame, we have to look at the features of the
00:01:21position.
00:01:22We notice that Kings are on the opposite side of the board of the Pawn.
00:01:25We have a passed Pawn on A2.
00:01:29Black is way on the other side of the board.
00:01:31Now, when we count how many moves it would take to Queen, assuming white placed the Pawn up two squares
00:01:40instead of one, it would be one.
00:01:42So, it would be one, two, three, four, five, six.
00:01:45Sorry, one, two, three, four, five, six minus the one because we're going up two squares.
00:01:51So, that's one, two, three, four, five.
00:01:55Now, there is something called the square.
00:01:58So, if you can get within the five by five square, so it's one, two, sorry, one, two, three, four,
00:02:05five.
00:02:07One, two, three, four, five.
00:02:09So, what happens is on Black's next move, if he can get within the square, sorry, it's five by five
00:02:16square.
00:02:17One, two, three, four, five.
00:02:20If on Black's next move, he can get to E8 instead of F8, this is a draw.
00:02:25It's an easy way to understand without even calculating it whether it's a win or a draw.
00:02:31First thing I want to explain to you is how to understand the position by looking at it by principles
00:02:46and by certain rules.
00:02:49So, this is a way to understand whether or not you can stop the pawn or not.
00:02:52It's not just strictly analyzing, well, I go here, he goes there, I go, no.
00:02:57First, we need to know that it's called the rule of the square.
00:03:01After White's, after White's move, can he get to that five by five square?
00:03:06So, in other words, if it takes five square, excuse me, if it takes five moves to get to the
00:03:12queening square, what we would draw is five by five.
00:03:16Okay, so we would draw, because it's White's move, now if it was Black's move, let's say it was King
00:03:23F8 and then he played King,
00:03:28excuse me, if he played King, if it was Black to play and he already played King F8, then we
00:03:33could possibly get in the square.
00:03:34Let me show you how that would work.
00:03:38So, basically, the idea is, if it was Black to play, he would get one square away, so on Black's
00:03:45next move, he would be in the square.
00:03:46So, we'd play A4.
00:03:48So, King F8, A4.
00:03:51So, we want to visualize this, okay?
00:03:53King F8, A4.
00:03:56King E8, A5.
00:03:59Notice we have a three by three.
00:04:01Can we get in the three by three square?
00:04:03Well, this was two moves.
00:04:06Black already had a head start.
00:04:09So, what we would do is we'd get, we'd play King D8, right?
00:04:14King A6.
00:04:17King CA.
00:04:18King A7.
00:04:21King B7.
00:04:23Notice we can't play King B8 because the pawn covers that square.
00:04:28So, I play King B7 and now we can stop the pawn.
00:04:31The important thing is to understand the rule of the square.
00:04:34So, it means we count how, first thing we do is we count how many moves it would take for
00:04:40the pawn to promote, right?
00:04:44So, based upon moving two squares on its first move, because it hasn't moved, we will count one, right?
00:04:51One, two, three, four, five.
00:04:54Okay?
00:04:55And then, for the square, we go out.
00:04:57We go up and out.
00:04:59Out.
00:04:59One, two, three, four, five.
00:05:03It is white to play.
00:05:04If it was black to play, you can get in the square by playing King F8 or even King F7.
00:05:11King F8 is more straightforward because you're just drawing to the side.
00:05:16Now, the important, I think it's better to go horizontally than vertically because we need to understand we have to
00:05:22get all the way over to there.
00:05:23So, if we count one, two, three, four, five, or four, five, one, two, so one, two, three, one, two,
00:05:34three, four, five.
00:05:37But, because white's already the tempo ahead, he would have to already be on F8 or F7.
00:05:44So, we can play, for example, simpler is if he already had King F8, then you would play E8, D8,
00:05:52C8, B7, and we can stop him.
00:05:57So, when he goes to play A8, we just think.
00:06:00But, because he's not in the square, let me show you what happens.
00:06:04First, I want to focus on understanding the concept before we do the analysis.
00:06:09We want to have a framework in which we understand how we can calculate, how we can understand what's going
00:06:18to happen without doing all the calculation.
00:06:21So, we have less time.
00:06:22We want to work, focus on the principles and the rules of the endgame rules, just like you have opening
00:06:30rules where you talk about principles with squares, right?
00:06:32Best squares, middle game, right?
00:06:35We have tactics, position of play, all those other things.
00:06:38Endgame, what we want to do is figure out what is our goal, right?
00:06:41How many squares to get there, and can our King catch up with it?
00:06:45We have the rule of the square.
00:06:48For how many squares it goes up is how many squares it goes.
00:06:51For how many squares it goes vertically is how many squares it goes horizontally.
00:06:54Can you get within that area?
00:06:57Okay, so, for example, a4, King f7, a5, King e6, a6, King d6, a7, King c7, and Queen.
00:07:10Now, you see, notice at a7, if black could already play King b7, then he could stop.
00:07:18And then, from this point on, when you get to here, you can already see, okay, it's going to take
00:07:24him two square, sorry, it's going to take you two moves, right?
00:07:28With white to play.
00:07:29If it's black to play, we would just play King c7, and now we're in the square.
00:07:32Why?
00:07:33Because it's two by two.
00:07:34Two away from the next square the pawn's going to go to, or one in front of the two away
00:07:41from the queening square.
00:07:44Okay, so, basically, what it is, is because if the pawn hasn't, so, at this point, right, where the pawn
00:07:50is, are you two squares away?
00:07:54If you're three squares away, one, two, three, you're not within the striking distance because he's only two away.
00:08:00So, the box, the square goes two by two, right?
00:08:04But he's three away, so he can't stop it.
00:08:07This is how you remember.
00:08:08It's called the rule of the square.
00:08:09Here, a7, King c7, and Queen.
00:08:14So, you see how that works, right?
00:08:17Now, I don't want to use the word assume, but I'm just going to show you endgame, basic endgame things.
00:08:25We're not going to focus on how to checkmate with the Queen and the King.
00:08:28This is even more fundamental.
00:08:31We're going to talk about endgame technique, okay?
00:08:34Now, the good thing about endgame is the theory doesn't change.
00:08:39The only thing is, do you know how to play it?
00:08:42But the actual theory of endgame does not change.
00:08:45Unlike opening, which changes every single time there's a world championship match, they discover new things, right?
00:08:51Middlegame, they come up with new lines.
00:08:53Endgame, guess what?
00:08:58Let's know the theory doesn't change.
00:09:00So, all we need to know is each of the major positions.
00:09:04This last time, we're just going to talk about King and Pawn, and we're going to continue on.
00:09:09Let's talk about the second position.
00:09:11Now, here's another thing to understand about this position.
00:09:16First, we want to start off with understanding the position before we calculate.
00:09:21Basically, because the calculation is based upon what the strategy is going to be.
00:09:27Well, what is the strategy?
00:09:29Based upon the understanding.
00:09:30So, we have understanding, strategy, then calculation.
00:09:34Why?
00:09:35Understanding.
00:09:36What is going on?
00:09:38Strategy.
00:09:39Based upon understanding what's going on, we need to know, should we move the King or the Pawn first?
00:09:44Okay?
00:09:45Then calculation.
00:09:46Okay, I go here.
00:09:47He goes here.
00:09:48I go here.
00:09:49In what order?
00:09:50Right?
00:09:50We test it out.
00:09:51I go A, B.
00:09:51It's kind of like a combination, right?
00:09:54I go A, B, C.
00:09:55Or should I go A, then C, then B, then D, then E?
00:10:00Okay?
00:10:03So, endgame is different than openings.
00:10:05Openings is speed.
00:10:07Endgame is just getting to the square at the right time.
00:10:10It is timing, just like middle game.
00:10:12Endgame, but it's getting to the square when you need to.
00:10:17Okay?
00:10:18Sometimes, in endgame, what you do is you waste the move, so you push the King away, so you can
00:10:24get to the square you want to, which you wouldn't normally be able to do.
00:10:28So, let's talk about some concepts in the endgame.
00:10:32First concept is opposition.
00:10:36Opposition just generally means that there's one square in between.
00:10:42So, we have, if the king is on C5, we have what's called a diagonal opposition.
00:10:50Look at the geometric pattern, right?
00:10:53Or, right, if we have it sideways, it's called the horizontal opposition.
00:10:59Or if you're in front of, right, let's say my king was over on E5 here, right?
00:11:07Black would have the vertical or direct opposition.
00:11:11Okay?
00:11:12So, here we have the horizontal.
00:11:14Technically, it's a horizontal opposition.
00:11:16But it's the opposition.
00:11:17The idea with the opposition, no matter what type we have, is that it takes away squares away from the
00:11:26king to stop him from penetrating into the position, right?
00:11:32So, his pawn can move up the board.
00:11:34Okay?
00:11:35It's to get space, just like the opening, but also to push away the king so he can no longer
00:11:41make any progress.
00:11:43Think of it like a fence, sort of.
00:11:45Okay?
00:11:45So, why don't you play king C7?
00:11:47Remember, it's a major concept in the endgame.
00:11:49We want to get the opposition.
00:11:51That's first thing.
00:11:55Second thing is, we want to get our king in front of the pawn.
00:11:58Why?
00:11:58Because with the king in front of the pawn, we can protect the king from the opposite kings from attacking
00:12:07our pawn.
00:12:08Now, it depends.
00:12:10If he's behind the pawn and he can take the pawn before we can protect it, of course, that's a
00:12:14different story.
00:12:15But what we're doing is we're taking away the squares.
00:12:17How do we do that?
00:12:18We have to get in front of the pawn.
00:12:21Versus the opposite is the defender wants to get in front of your passed pawn to prevent it from moving,
00:12:28like a blockade.
00:12:30So, how do we get the opposition?
00:12:33Just move up, simply.
00:12:34King C7, King E6.
00:12:36What black's going to try to do is get into the position.
00:12:40Okay?
00:12:41Now, we have to calculate this carefully.
00:12:44So, we understand our plan here is based upon we have a passed pawn and passed pawn.
00:12:51Our plan is to get a passed pawn through the board.
00:12:53First, our understanding is that we have a king to shepherd the pawn to go up.
00:12:58Right?
00:12:59Then, we have our strategy.
00:13:01How?
00:13:02Sorry.
00:13:03We have the understanding, which is the king in front of pawn, so we can shepherd the pawn up.
00:13:09Our strategy is going to be, what is the general way in which that we can get the pawn up
00:13:14the board?
00:13:15Okay.
00:13:17Then, we get to the plan.
00:13:19What is our plan?
00:13:20Okay.
00:13:20Our plan is to push the pawn up the board.
00:13:26And now, we go with the analysis.
00:13:28We want to go in a logical descending order.
00:13:31Okay?
00:13:32When we do this, we want to look at this rationally and logically.
00:13:36Okay?
00:13:37Obviously, we have to calculate.
00:13:38If I go here, he'll go here.
00:13:40I go here.
00:13:41Can I do that?
00:13:42Well, let's calculate it.
00:13:44If we look at the game, b4, king, d5.
00:13:48Let's see.
00:13:49Can we keep pushing the board?
00:13:50Okay.
00:13:51Let's look at this.
00:13:52Right?
00:13:54Black is white to move.
00:13:57If it's white to move, he's two squares away from the king.
00:14:00Okay?
00:14:01Notice with king on c7, he supports the pawn if it gets to b6.
00:14:06It takes him two moves.
00:14:07How do we get ahead of it?
00:14:09We have to be one move ahead.
00:14:11So, we play b5, king c5, b6.
00:14:15Notice if it was black to play, let's go back.
00:14:18Black could stop it with king to c4.
00:14:24Right?
00:14:26So, even if I play to come back to defend it with king b6, we take the pawn.
00:14:30The question is, who is it to move?
00:14:34So, white can get enough moves in so it'd be supported by the king.
00:14:39In this case, with it white to move, black to move, it's a draw because he can win the pawn.
00:14:44It's sort of like a race.
00:14:46Who can get there sooner, right?
00:14:47b5, king to c5, b6.
00:14:52Notice now black cannot get, obviously cannot take the pawn, but this pawn's going to come up.
00:14:57You can't stop it.
00:14:59Such as, let me play king b5.
00:15:00I play b7.
00:15:02King a6, and this becomes a queen.
00:15:05Also, what's going to happen is, if he chases after, that the king will be cut off on this a
00:15:12-file.
00:15:13And, of course, then we just use normal checkmating technique with hitting the opposition.
00:15:19Okay?
00:15:20So, keep that in mind.
00:15:21We have to consider, how do we shepherd the pawn through?
00:15:26What we don't want is we don't want the black to get in front of the pawn.
00:15:32So, what we do is, we move our king up to get the opposition.
00:15:37So, we push the king away, and then we push the pawn up.
00:15:42We have to be careful with this position because even if we have the right plan, right, with the right
00:15:47strategy, etc., we have to calculate it correctly.
00:15:51We have to, it's a race.
00:15:53We need to get our pawn all the way up to b6.
00:15:55So, we have to count one, two, three.
00:15:58Okay?
00:15:58One, two, three.
00:16:01Okay?
00:16:03White was going to move up two squares, not one.
00:16:06If we move up one, black can stop it.
00:16:08Think of it as a race.
00:16:09Okay?
00:16:10Let's go to the next one.
00:16:12I'm going to just double check to make sure everything is going well here.
00:16:20Good to go.
00:16:21Okay.
00:16:22Now, we have our third position.
00:16:27Now, the defender, let's talk about what the defender does, okay?
00:16:31When we look at this position, we see that the king is in front of our pawn.
00:16:37Contrary to the previous position where the attacker was in front of the pawn, defender now is in front of
00:16:43the pawn.
00:16:44How do we know it's a defender?
00:16:45Because the defender is the one without any pawns.
00:16:48So, the queening square is a square where the pawn wants to go to.
00:16:52That's being occupied by the black king right now.
00:16:56So, what we have to do is we have to consider, can we get this pawn up or can black
00:17:05just keep on this square?
00:17:09Well, no.
00:17:10If he didn't have to move, he can, but he has to move.
00:17:13So, king f7, sorry, f7, right?
00:17:16Move the pawn up.
00:17:19Notice, because black is in front of the pawn and the king is not in front of his own pawn,
00:17:24the white king cannot move back.
00:17:26Otherwise, it's a draw, right?
00:17:28Because he'll just play king f7 and that's going to be a draw.
00:17:32So, white plays f7.
00:17:35We have to recognize what is the square where the attacker and the defender wants to be at.
00:17:41Okay, that's the prime real estate.
00:17:43We play f7 now.
00:17:45Why?
00:17:46That's the square where the pawn needs to be.
00:17:49Notice that there's no other squares.
00:17:52The only square black can go to is king e7.
00:17:55Now, look what happens.
00:17:57We have the horizontal opposition.
00:18:00Why?
00:18:01There's one square in between both kings.
00:18:04White has supported the pawn, right?
00:18:07So, now it can become a coin.
00:18:09So, think of this like how can we promote the pawn.
00:18:12That's sort of the game, right?
00:18:14Let's go to the next position.
00:18:18Now, this is more complex because it's black to move.
00:18:23Notice before we could just simply play f7.
00:18:25But, you see, that was white to move.
00:18:28Now, if it's black to move, look at what the difference is.
00:18:31King g8.
00:18:32Remember we talked about the opposition?
00:18:34See, what we want to do is, remember I said he has to move but he wants to get to
00:18:39that square?
00:18:39He's going to go there and back like a pendulum.
00:18:42So, he wants to get the opposition to cut off the king.
00:18:45So, he can't just flank him with playing like king f7 or king h7.
00:18:49But, then also he wants to control this queening square on f8.
00:18:53So, he goes back to come back to f8.
00:18:57So, king g8.
00:18:58Then we play f7 because there's no other move here.
00:19:01Because moving the king again back, this is a draw.
00:19:04So, let's f7 check.
00:19:07King f8.
00:19:08And then king f6, what do we have?
00:19:10We have a stalemate because black cannot go anywhere without getting a check.
00:19:14But, there's no other moves for white to play.
00:19:17Therefore, it's a stalemate.
00:19:19So, instead of playing f7, let's look at this.
00:19:24What we're considering here is, we want to consider another move for white.
00:19:30We see that f7 just simply leads to a draw.
00:19:32Because, he's just going to blockade the pawn with king f8.
00:19:36And, of course, if you move away from the pawn, he lose it.
00:19:38Or, king f6 is simply a stalemate, as I said.
00:19:41So, we know that f7 is not correct.
00:19:45Or, I mean, it leads to a draw.
00:19:49So, let's look at another possibility.
00:19:51King g5.
00:19:52The idea is, we want to waste the move to come back.
00:19:55Now, whether or not it's going to be successful is another story.
00:19:58So, king g5, king f7, king f5.
00:20:01Notice, white now has the direct opposition, or the vertical opposition.
00:20:06Direct opposition, right?
00:20:08White is the last one to get into this opposition.
00:20:12Therefore, now, black is compelled to move.
00:20:15So, king f8.
00:20:19Now, here's a tricky...
00:20:20Oops, let's go back.
00:20:23Here's a tricky thing, okay?
00:20:26Black could play king g8, but then we would have king g6,
00:20:30where black would be compelled to move back to f8.
00:20:34And, we'd play the f7 position, similar to the other game.
00:20:38So, black then plays...
00:20:40So, king g5, coming back, king f7.
00:20:43King f5.
00:20:45Now, white has the opposition.
00:20:47Black has to give ground to white.
00:20:49King f8.
00:20:50Now, we have king f4.
00:20:52Why king f4?
00:20:54Because we can see now that king e6 is going to get the diagonal...
00:20:58Actually, sorry, excuse me.
00:21:00Even he can play king e8.
00:21:04So, now, we cannot come in.
00:21:07And, where is he going to go?
00:21:08Push the pawn?
00:21:10See?
00:21:13And, then we play...
00:21:16Then, we play f7 goes to g7.
00:21:21Oh, excuse me.
00:21:22Oh, yeah.
00:21:22So, king e6 and comes back to f8.
00:21:25That's going to be a draw.
00:21:27So, king f4 now.
00:21:29What we want to try to do is go around, okay?
00:21:33Just kind of think of, like, as an obstacle.
00:21:36The black king is an obstacle.
00:21:37We're going to try to go around him to get through, to flank, right?
00:21:42King f4 now.
00:21:44Here, we want to waste the move to get to f4, to get to e5.
00:21:49So, king f5.
00:21:51Now, we can play king f5 now.
00:21:53We have the opposition.
00:21:54King comes back.
00:21:55And, king e6.
00:21:57Notice how we wasted a move.
00:21:58It's called triangulation.
00:21:59You waste a move to go back, to go to the square you wanted to originally go to.
00:22:04Kind of like drawing a triangle.
00:22:05That's why you're going to call it triangulation.
00:22:07King e6, king e8.
00:22:09F7, king f8.
00:22:11King f6.
00:22:13Another stalemate.
00:22:14So, we arrive at the same type of position, but some moves later.
00:22:18So, this is also a draw, too.
00:22:20You see?
00:22:22All right.
00:22:23The difference is, is that black had an extra move.
00:22:28So, this ended up being a draw versus the other one was a win for white.
00:22:32Because he got to that square where black couldn't control.
00:22:36So, let's go to the next position.
00:22:38Now, when we look at the position here, we have to look at the features of the position.
00:22:43We have to look at what is featured, what is shown.
00:22:48So, we see that there, we have a pawn on c6.
00:22:52And, of course, not only, of course, is our pawn on a5.
00:22:56The attacker's pawns on, king is, excuse me.
00:22:59The attacker's king is on a5.
00:23:02And, the defender's king is on a8.
00:23:06Now, we see that because black's king is way on the back rank, he can stop the pawn.
00:23:14If you play an immediate foolish, like such as c7, because king b7, remember something.
00:23:21Black is in the square.
00:23:24So, what white has to do is force him away so the king can get moved up with a gain
00:23:30of time.
00:23:33So, you realize now that c7 doesn't work because king b7.
00:23:38We gave up the control of that b7 square.
00:23:40He's in the square, so we know that black can stop him if he just moved the pawn up.
00:23:45Okay, we know that.
00:23:46What we need to do is push the king away and keep getting the opposition so we can push the
00:23:52pawn up.
00:23:53The question is, when can we push the pawn up?
00:23:56Well, if we go to b6 now, black will get the opposition.
00:24:04If you want to get the pawn pushed up, you need to have opposition to control the squares in front
00:24:09of it so you can push the pawn.
00:24:12Ideally, you would like to have the king over to c7, but you can't because black can just easily, black
00:24:19can stop that with king b8.
00:24:20You can also stop the pawn if it moves up too soon.
00:24:23So, white now gets the opposition after king a6.
00:24:29So, there's only one move for black, obviously, king b8.
00:24:33He can't go to b7 for two reasons, both the king and the pawn.
00:24:37So, king a6.
00:24:39Alternatively, as I say, the mistake would be king b6 because now black has the opposition with king b8.
00:24:47You see that?
00:24:48Now, instead, white is the one with the opposition.
00:24:52In the endgame, you want to be the one with the opposition because it means you control the spaces in
00:24:58front of the king.
00:25:01So, instead, white will continue with king a6.
00:25:05King b8 is the only move for black.
00:25:07And then, now, because we wasted the move to go to a6, now we can go back to the square
00:25:12we originally wanted to.
00:25:13This is, again, triangulation.
00:25:15So, we go to a6.
00:25:17He has to go to b8.
00:25:19Now, we can go to b6.
00:25:20Notice, now white has the opposition because black had to go to a square where it gave white the opposition.
00:25:28Okay?
00:25:29Now, black has two choices.
00:25:32When we analyze this, we need to be in the habit of looking at more than one possibility.
00:25:38This is at the minimum.
00:25:40Two possibilities or more, unless there's only one viable move.
00:25:43Like, for black, after king a6, it was only king b8.
00:25:47Okay?
00:25:47Unless there's something obvious like that where there's only one move.
00:25:51But, let's say after, so, king a6, king b8.
00:25:55Right?
00:25:56We still see.
00:25:57Okay?
00:25:57Common sense tells us if we move the pawn up, it's going to be taken.
00:26:01Right?
00:26:01So, we can't move that.
00:26:02Move the king over.
00:26:04We have the opposition.
00:26:05Control the square.
00:26:06We can support c7 push.
00:26:09So, now this is a critical position for black.
00:26:11What does he play?
00:26:12Well, if he plays king a8.
00:26:17Right?
00:26:18I'm going to get in front of the pawn.
00:26:19Now, this is the feature where white was able to get in front of the attacker.
00:26:27Attacking king wants to be in front of his own pawn because it will push away.
00:26:31It will prevent the other king from winning it.
00:26:36All right.
00:26:37So, now, obviously, c7 is a stalemate.
00:26:43Why is a stalemate?
00:26:44Black doesn't have anywhere to go without being in check.
00:26:47So, this is a stalemate.
00:26:50So, he plays king c7, king a7.
00:26:55Notice, we don't want to play king c8 because it will take an extra move.
00:27:00Like king c8, king d8.
00:27:02We want to do this in the most efficient manner.
00:27:05So, what we do is, so, after king a8, if he goes there thinking he can just come back.
00:27:10Right?
00:27:11White will take over the square with king c7 stopping king b8.
00:27:15And then, after king a7, think, okay, I got the horizontal opposition now.
00:27:19Oh, white just gets out of the way.
00:27:21King b7 and pushes the pawn.
00:27:23Notice, white now can support c7 and c8.
00:27:27Okay.
00:27:28So, after king b6, white will play king c8.
00:27:31It's a only viable move.
00:27:33Now, what do you think here?
00:27:35You can't approach right and you can't go back, similar to the previous endgame.
00:27:38So, we have to push the pawn.
00:27:40Remember, here's an easy way to remember.
00:27:43Past pawn should be pushed, right?
00:27:46But, because black has one square, which is d7, black will move there and it's not a draw.
00:27:53Now, white just finishes off with king b7 and queening the pawn with c8, obviously.
00:27:59The idea is, we want to get the opposition, waste a move to get to the square we want to
00:28:05go to.
00:28:05Kind of like dancing, right?
00:28:08But, we want to get the opposition first.
00:28:11That way, we push him away and then we continue with the opposition.
00:28:14Why?
00:28:15Because we want to support the pawn.
00:28:17Okay.
00:28:18So, let's continue.
00:28:20Let's go to our next endgame position.
00:28:23All right.
00:28:24When we look at the features of this position here, it is white to play.
00:28:28But, what we need, besides white to play or black to play, we have to see what's going on on
00:28:33the board.
00:28:34We see now that there, we have a direct opposition between the two kings.
00:28:39And, we also see that there is a pawn on e6.
00:28:42We have one passed pawn.
00:28:44Now, remember something.
00:28:45Passed pawns on the side of the board are the most effective because they're hardest to catch up with.
00:28:49Because they're on the opposite side of the board.
00:28:53Okay.
00:28:54Now, where this pawn on e6, he's stopping the king from coming to f7.
00:29:00This can make a big difference.
00:29:03But, because black has the opposition for now, we have to find a way to maneuver around.
00:29:10Go around the obstacle.
00:29:13So, we play king f5.
00:29:16Okay.
00:29:17Now, the defender, when he has his position, we do know because this pawn on e6, we do understand our
00:29:24strategy.
00:29:25As usual, the defender wants to get in front of the pawn and control the queening square.
00:29:30This queening square is the square in which the rook wants to go do to become a queen.
00:29:35Right?
00:29:35That's e8.
00:29:36Right?
00:29:37Pawns only go forward.
00:29:38Right?
00:29:39That's the queening square.
00:29:40So, two things.
00:29:41Black wants to have the defender wants the opposition and defender wants to get in front of the pawn to
00:29:47stop the pawn from queening and then to occupy the queening square if he can hold it there.
00:29:56Okay.
00:29:56So, what white needs to do, we're going to go back, he realizes he can't make any progress by moving
00:30:04the king forward because he can't.
00:30:06Also, we know, similar to the other position, we cannot move the pawn up because he's in the square.
00:30:14Remember, two by two.
00:30:15If we know the magic, what they call magic square or the rule of the square, it's how many squares
00:30:22to the queening square and then how many over.
00:30:26If you can get on your move, if you can get in the queening square or if you're already in
00:30:33that square or if you can get in the square, black ends, the defender can prevent the pawn from queening.
00:30:44Okay.
00:30:45So, white's only option in this case because he can't push the pawn is to try to go around.
00:30:50Now, we don't want to get too far away because if we play king f4 now, we have king f6.
00:30:57Now, we lose the pawn.
00:30:58So, we have to make sure that we can hold on to this pawn, but we want to maintain the
00:31:06pawn where it is, but we need to get our king on the other side.
00:31:10That's our goal, right?
00:31:11So, how do we do it?
00:31:12Well, we just play king f5.
00:31:14Just move the king over.
00:31:16Now, here as black, what we want to do when we see the critical position is pause and say, okay,
00:31:21what are my choices?
00:31:22Well, we have king g8 and we have king f8.
00:31:26If we play king h7 or king h8, I just come in and I get in front of the pawn,
00:31:33right?
00:31:33I go f6, e7, and d8 and it's over because I'm just going to play e7 and win the pawn,
00:31:39right?
00:31:41So, what black wants to do is go around to get in front of the pawn.
00:31:47So, he has two choices.
00:31:49He can play king f8, so he can immediately play king e7 and then king e8, e7, e8, e7, e8,
00:31:55right?
00:31:56And then, of course, but the problem is after king f8, what do we have?
00:32:00We have king f6.
00:32:01So, we have a similar type position now.
00:32:04If we black to play, he'd play e8.
00:32:06I would play e7 and then the same thing.
00:32:09He would have to go to d7 and we go to f7 and then we can just play e7, e8,
00:32:16and win.
00:32:17So, we know that king f8 doesn't work.
00:32:20So, we say, okay, king g8.
00:32:22Black would also like to waste a move.
00:32:24So, if you place king f6, he can play king f8, okay?
00:32:30Black wants to get who...
00:32:32The question is who's going to get the opposition in there?
00:32:35So, king g8.
00:32:37King g6, white gets the opposition.
00:32:40King f8, king f6.
00:32:42Notice, white wasted a move to get over to f6 because if you went through...
00:32:46Right away, black gets the opposition.
00:32:49So, whoever who can hold the opposition is the one who controls the squares in front of it, right?
00:32:55So, what he did was he plays...
00:32:57So, we go back, right?
00:32:59King f5, we go around.
00:33:01King g8.
00:33:03King g6.
00:33:04And king f8.
00:33:06Notice, he didn't immediately play king f6 because black would play king f8.
00:33:13So, we got the opposition with king g6.
00:33:17Then he played.
00:33:18And then when black tried to get in front of the pawn, now white has the opposition.
00:33:24Now, what we're doing is...
00:33:26We said, okay, we want to get our king in the right square.
00:33:30But we want to get to the position where it's winning.
00:33:32How do we get...
00:33:33How do we maneuver to get to that position?
00:33:36So, king f6, we have the opposition.
00:33:39Now, what moves do we have?
00:33:41Well, we know that king g8 is going to lose because I get king e7.
00:33:44So, he has to play king e8 to stop me from playing king e7.
00:33:48But then what do we have?
00:33:50We can just move the pawn to where we want.
00:33:52And then first place would be e7, right?
00:33:56Then, after king d7, we get to the square we wanted to.
00:34:01That pawn pushed e7, not only are you allowing the pawn to push up, right?
00:34:07But it's wasting a move so that way the king can get to f7.
00:34:13See, when we waste this move here, we basically tell the black king he has to move.
00:34:19If only he does, we play king e7.
00:34:22So, you see that.
00:34:24So, you see that.
00:34:27If we look at it back again.
00:34:30Black, if your pawn has the opposition, what we want to do is go around.
00:34:37To flank him, to go around so we can control the square in front of the pawn, right?
00:34:43And then push, move the king up, and then push the pawn.
00:34:48Sort of like a dance, like king, pawn, king, pawn.
00:34:51Like that dance.
00:34:52Okay, let's go to the next position.
00:34:54Now, what we have here when we look at this position here is that black has the diagonal opposition.
00:35:01Why?
00:35:02Because we can see that it is white to move.
00:35:08So, if it's white to move, he could have, yes, played king c6 at this point.
00:35:12But it would be black to move if black just played this move, king c6.
00:35:18This means that black, based upon the position of pawns, had just played king to a8.
00:35:25Because there's no other move to be played, right?
00:35:29So, essentially, white had moved either b6 or king c6, and then he played king a8.
00:35:35It's one of the two.
00:35:36So, what we need to do is, we need to maneuver in which that we give black a square.
00:35:43But at the same time, we want to go around and flank the king.
00:35:49That's called flanking, right?
00:35:50Or shouldering.
00:35:51So, what we need to do is, we can't play king c7.
00:35:55Why?
00:35:56Let's look at this a second.
00:35:58Does that give black a move?
00:36:00No.
00:36:01It's still me.
00:36:02So, we can't.
00:36:03King c7 doesn't work, right?
00:36:05So, king b5.
00:36:07Okay.
00:36:08King b7.
00:36:10Okay.
00:36:12So, best playing king b5, black plays king b7.
00:36:17This is a draw.
00:36:18Why?
00:36:19Well, here black had the opposition.
00:36:22King c7 wasn't possible.
00:36:25b7 wasn't possible.
00:36:26Why?
00:36:27Because if you play b7, as in you move the pawn up one, he has control of the queen in
00:36:33square,
00:36:34and he's going to play king b8, and then it's another draw.
00:36:38So, we see what it is.
00:36:41Whoever has the opposition is either going to have a decisive advantage, or he's going
00:36:45to win, or he's going to be better.
00:36:49It all depends on whether he can keep the opposition or not.
00:36:54So, let's go to the next square.
00:36:55I mean, let's go to the next position.
00:36:58Now, what we have here is that the king is in front of the pawn in this position.
00:37:04The defending king, so white is in front of his own pawn, so sort of diagonally ahead,
00:37:12right?
00:37:13So, we've got the pawn on f5, king on e6, and then black's king is on f8.
00:37:19Notice that the king is sort of in front of the pawn, so he can take away the squares
00:37:23like king f7 and stuff like that, right?
00:37:27So, what we want to do is, instead of pushing the pawn, what black's going to do, because
00:37:35he, if he pushed the pawn and played king g8, I'm just going to play king e7, and then push
00:37:40the pawn, and it's going to come up.
00:37:43So, what would happen is, after f6, he's going to get in front of the king and get the opposition
00:37:48himself.
00:37:49So, after, so basically, after f7, we're just going to come back to f8, where we were, and
00:37:55this is going to be a draw.
00:37:57So, what white is going to try to do is, he's going to get the opposition, for sure.
00:38:02So, king f6, king e8, then we have king g7, white.
00:38:07Now, we can support the pawn push, and we can also control the cleaning square at the
00:38:13same time.
00:38:14Now, after king e7, simply just plays f6, king e6, and f7, right?
00:38:22So, the idea is, I was able to flank him coming into g7 to support the pawn push on f6,
00:38:30f7,
00:38:31and f8.
00:38:31See that?
00:38:33Okay.
00:38:34So, that's what that is.
00:38:36The main thing is, can I get the opposition?
00:38:39If the answer is yes, and I can get in front of my pawn, that's the second positive, then
00:38:45we can possibly win the king and pawn ending.
00:38:48So, let's continue on.
00:38:54See, each one is a slight variation of the previous position, but we can see how this progresses
00:38:59forward.
00:39:00So, after king e6, black will play king e8.
00:39:04Well, after f6, right?
00:39:08We have a draw.
00:39:09Why?
00:39:10Because we just play king f8.
00:39:12I can just show you, actually, with the engine to prove it.
00:39:17Right?
00:39:18That king f8 now.
00:39:23Oh, wait.
00:39:24King f8.
00:39:25Oh, wait.
00:39:26It's saying...
00:39:30So, king d8, king f7, right?
00:39:37Sorry, king d8, f7, because you can't play king e8.
00:39:44So, we'll just show you this, king f8 now.
00:39:48f7, similar position again.
00:39:51Right?
00:39:51We waste a move, so the king has to get out of the control of the queen square.
00:39:55Then, we play king e7.
00:39:58See how that works?
00:40:01All right.
00:40:02Let's go to the next position.
00:40:05Again, we have to look at the features.
00:40:07We have something similar now.
00:40:09Actually, let me take off the engine, so we're not looking at that.
00:40:14Black just got the opposition and played f6.
00:40:18Now, what black can do here is play king f8.
00:40:22Why?
00:40:23We stop the king from coming to e7.
00:40:26So, if f7 now...
00:40:30It's a different story.
00:40:32So, after...
00:40:33Oh, sorry.
00:40:33Excuse me.
00:40:34So, here, f6 and king f8 now.
00:40:38And I'm going to show you king f8.
00:40:41Then, with f7, we cut off both squares.
00:40:44And it's only...
00:40:45In other words, you can't go to e8 or g8, so we can go back to the queen square.
00:40:51What we're going to do now is play f7.
00:40:55Okay.
00:40:56So, what's so great?
00:40:57He just goes to g7.
00:40:58Yes, but now I've got king e7.
00:41:02We're going to support the pawn.
00:41:04We're going to control the queen square.
00:41:06And then, it's going to become a queen.
00:41:09Let's go to the next position.
00:41:12Here, we can see that why he has the opposition.
00:41:16How do you know?
00:41:17Well, because black king has to move.
00:41:21So, even if black got the opposition immediately, let's say there was king f6, king f8, and then let's say
00:41:29f5.
00:41:30Right?
00:41:31Black cannot keep the opposition, so he has to either move to g8.
00:41:36Right?
00:41:37Then, I go king e7.
00:41:38That's winning, right?
00:41:39Because we can push the pawn forward, right?
00:41:43Right?
00:41:43Because, of course, you have the same thing again, right?
00:41:46King g7, f6, king g8, f7.
00:41:50Right?
00:41:51King g7, and queen, right?
00:41:54Or, so instead of king g8, we play this position.
00:42:01We have to decide which way we're going.
00:42:03King e8 takes over g7.
00:42:06If he goes to g8, we go to e7.
00:42:12If he goes to e8, then we're going to go to g7.
00:42:16King e7, f6.
00:42:18So, if he goes one way, we go to the opposite way and push.
00:42:22Or, if he goes the other way, we go to the opposite way and push.
00:42:25Okay?
00:42:26So, you see how that works.
00:42:28Let's go to the next one.
00:42:30Now, here, we have to be very careful.
00:42:35Because they're both contesting the queening square on g8.
00:42:38But, now, if it's black to move, white wins.
00:42:45Why?
00:42:47Because he can play, because they're hit, we have the square to go back and forth.
00:42:55So, h7, g6, king h8, and g7.
00:43:00Check.
00:43:00Back.
00:43:01And we queen.
00:43:01But, in this case, if I play g6, it's another stalemate.
00:43:07We always have to give black a move.
00:43:09So, what we're going to do is we have some options.
00:43:12If I play king f8 now to get the opposition, black now will play king h7.
00:43:19Right?
00:43:20And then, if king f7, we go back to h8.
00:43:24Notice, black cannot get onto g6.
00:43:26He'll just come back.
00:43:29So, what we need to do is we need to get in front of the pawn.
00:43:34Right?
00:43:36So, we have two options.
00:43:37Either, obviously, king g6, that's stalemate.
00:43:40The other option is king f6, getting the diagonal opposition.
00:43:44The problem is, after king h7, like I was saying, what do you have?
00:43:49Well, you have, sorry, after king f7, you have king h8 and king g6 again.
00:43:55So, we're transposing into the same position.
00:44:01So, we have king f6.
00:44:03So, essentially, we either have king g6 or f6.
00:44:06So, let's compare the two.
00:44:07So, if you want to know what's the better one, what we need to do is compare the two.
00:44:12Compare a and b.
00:44:13a is king f6 and b is king g6.
00:44:20Okay?
00:44:20So, let's look at the two.
00:44:23So, first, we look at king f6.
00:44:26Looks like we have the opposition.
00:44:28Black can play king h7.
00:44:30You play, so you can play g6 now.
00:44:36King h8, g7, and king g8.
00:44:39That's going to be a draw because you can blockade it.
00:44:41Right?
00:44:42The other option is, after king f7, black is going to come back to h8.
00:44:47And king g6 followed by king g8.
00:44:50That's going to be a draw.
00:44:52Now, after king in south.
00:44:54So, instead of king h7, black could also play king g8 as well.
00:45:00But, this will give white the opposition.
00:45:03King g6.
00:45:04We never want to move to a square where it's going to give the opposite king the opposition.
00:45:10So, after, let's say I move king f6.
00:45:14He doesn't want to play king g8.
00:45:15Why?
00:45:17Because that's going to give white the opposition with king g6.
00:45:20And then, after king h8, we do have king f7 now.
00:45:25Notice with king on g8, he stopped white from coming over to f7.
00:45:29But, with king now having to go to the corner on h8, white can play king f7.
00:45:35And, we set up the position where we want to play anyway.
00:45:38In which that, we can play g6, g7, g8.
00:45:42Okay?
00:45:42So, king f7, king h7, g6, king h8, and g7 check.
00:45:50Okay?
00:45:51Then, obviously, you move the king.
00:45:54And, it's a queen.
00:45:55So, we see king f6 is possible.
00:45:59Okay?
00:46:00So, we look at that option, and we compare to king g6.
00:46:05Well, king g6, king g8, king goes in front.
00:46:12King h6, king h8, g6, king g8.
00:46:16Only one move anyway.
00:46:18g7.
00:46:20Ah, we have king f7.
00:46:22Now, black has one move only, which is king f7.
00:46:27Then, we move our king up to h7.
00:46:29Notice, obviously, we cannot play g8 because he would take.
00:46:32So, we have to play king h7 to support the pawn from cleaning, support the pawn so we can queen.
00:46:39All right?
00:46:40So, those are two main things.
00:46:42If you say, okay, well, then, if they're both going to lead to cleaning, which one should I choose?
00:46:48The one that's faster.
00:46:50Okay?
00:46:52So, g7.
00:46:53So, we look at the...
00:46:54So, we compare, basically, g7 check to king h7.
00:47:00Well, they both win, but...
00:47:05Right?
00:47:06Which one's faster?
00:47:08Well, they're both kind of queen on the same...
00:47:10On the next move anyway.
00:47:12So, they're both in equal position.
00:47:16Equal value.
00:47:17King f6, I think, would be a little better if I were to choose.
00:47:20Simply because...
00:47:22With this, you have to be careful about playing king g6 because you have to calculate whether king g8, if
00:47:30you can hold, go back to g8 and h8.
00:47:33But, in this case, it can't because after g8, right?
00:47:38So, after king f6, right?
00:47:40When we looked at that, right?
00:47:41King g8, right?
00:47:46We just get in front of the pawn.
00:47:49We get the opposition.
00:47:50He has to move.
00:47:51And then we play king f6.
00:47:53Remember, we're going to waste the move.
00:47:54Get the opposition.
00:47:56Then...
00:47:56So, it compels him to move.
00:47:58Then we play king f6.
00:48:00That's the idea.
00:48:01That's the old triangulation.
00:48:04So, let's go to our next example.
00:48:09Here, the pawn is not so as far advanced.
00:48:12That's going to be easier for the defender.
00:48:15But, not easy.
00:48:17What's going to happen is it's going to take some more calculation.
00:48:20First thing we want to do, the defender.
00:48:23Are we in the square?
00:48:25Okay.
00:48:26Well, how many squares to get to there?
00:48:28Here, and both vertical and horizontal.
00:48:33Yes, we are in the 4x4 square.
00:48:36Are we in the square?
00:48:38If no, can we get in the square?
00:48:40If the answer is no, then we can defend it.
00:48:43If the answer is yes, we can.
00:48:44So, if either answer is yes, then we can defend it.
00:48:49In other words, we can get in the square.
00:48:51We should be able to defend it.
00:48:53Let's say white to play here.
00:48:55He plays king d5.
00:48:57Okay.
00:48:59Now, alternatively, when you look at this, we want to look at more than one option.
00:49:04We notice that if he plays d5 right away, black would like to play with what's called the distant opposition,
00:49:11where we have an odd number of squares in between, and that will not be beneficial.
00:49:19So, after d5, black will play king 8.
00:49:23Okay.
00:49:24And he was going to head towards the queening square, which is d8 anyway,
00:49:28which is where the pawn would need to go to queen anyway.
00:49:31And so, that's called the queening square.
00:49:33I'm going to refer, I won't keep explaining what the terminology means after I've explained it.
00:49:38So, yes, black will be able to get to the queening square, and then he'll have much better chances of
00:49:48defending.
00:49:48The only way to know is by pure calculation.
00:49:51Which, at cursory glance, because black is in the magic square, the 4x4 square, he should be able to defend.
00:50:01So, white basically has two options.
00:50:03We can play king e5, in which case black has the opposition with king e7.
00:50:10That's not going to be ideal.
00:50:12I already told you d5 itself is wrong because he plays king e8.
00:50:17And the real bad only endgame is, can, in the king and pawn in games, can the king get the
00:50:23opposition?
00:50:25Okay.
00:50:27What, of course, at the same time, defending is wrong.
00:50:31So, because king e5 leads to black getting the opposition e7, white decides on king d5.
00:50:37Well, he can get the diagonal opposition with king f7, but I get king d6, which stops him from playing
00:50:46king e7.
00:50:47So, what happens is, he can play king e8, and we have king c7.
00:50:51And then, of course, we just need two moves to get within range for the king to defend it.
00:51:00So, we have to calculate 1, 2, and then 1, 2, right?
00:51:061, 2, 3, right?
00:51:09But because white is moving, are we going to move first, he's going to, black won't be able to stop
00:51:15the pawn.
00:51:16So, king d5, general principle, get the king in front of the pawn, get the king in front of the
00:51:23pawn to defend the pawn,
00:51:24and also to eventually get the opposition and push away the other king.
00:51:28So, king d5, king e7, sorry, king d5, king e7, king c6.
00:51:37Notice how he's going around.
00:51:41Because we want to control the 1 square in front of the queen in square to get control, okay?
00:51:49Also, we want to get our king in front of the pawn.
00:51:52So, king c6, king d8, king d6 now.
00:51:58Okay?
00:51:59We want to get control.
00:52:02We want to get the opposition so we can get control of the squares in front of our own king.
00:52:09So, king c8.
00:52:10Now, we have king e7.
00:52:12Notice how when we had the opposition, we had to move away.
00:52:17Then we can get control of the queen in square and also the pawn either directly in front or diagonal
00:52:25to the queen in square.
00:52:26Because now we can push the pawn up the board.
00:52:29King c7, d5, king c8, d6, king b7, and d7.
00:52:36Notice, when we had control of the square in front of the queen in square,
00:52:42as long as it's not too many moves, right?
00:52:45Such as we have control of d6, right?
00:52:49If it's white to play, he just simply just plays the obvious d5 move.
00:52:54See, notice that the white king is already in the best square.
00:52:57So, we're going to keep...
00:52:58He's already gotten to that.
00:53:00That's like sort of like stage 1 or step 1.
00:53:03Get to the best square, right?
00:53:05And control the squares in front of the queen, right?
00:53:07And then move the pawn up.
00:53:11Okay.
00:53:11Notice, if it was black to play, he's going to play king c6 to go to d5, right?
00:53:18Then if he plays king...
00:53:19What is it?
00:53:20King e6, right?
00:53:22We're going to try to go to c7.
00:53:25So, d5, straight forward, king c8, d6, king b7, d7.
00:53:30Just march the pawn up the board.
00:53:33The important thing is we've got the king in front of the pawn.
00:53:36And then we went around to flank the king.
00:53:39So, we can control the square of d7 next to the king.
00:53:43Just like if it was the opposition.
00:53:45And then when we did that, we wasted a move to get the opposition.
00:53:48And then once he had the opposition, he had to give way.
00:53:52So, we can get in with king e7.
00:53:55Let's go to the next position.
00:53:58Now, what we have here is with black to play.
00:54:06We noticed with white to play, king d5 was the move.
00:54:09Now, with black to play, what white wants to do is get over towards the queening square.
00:54:14Because at some point, he has to go there anyway.
00:54:17So, black has two options.
00:54:20We want to play king e7.
00:54:21No, because of king e5.
00:54:24Right?
00:54:24King e7, king e5.
00:54:25You see that?
00:54:26King d7, king d5, king e7, and king c6.
00:54:30Similar to the previous position.
00:54:32Right?
00:54:33So, what white wants to do, he has the distant opposition where we have an odd number of squares in
00:54:39between kings.
00:54:39And we're moving towards the queening square.
00:54:42So, king e8, king d5.
00:54:45Alternatively, we could transpose with king e5 and king e7.
00:54:48And that would not be best for white because black made the opposition.
00:54:53And the thing is, after d5 now, we have...
00:55:01So, d5, we have king e8, king e7.
00:55:04Oh, sorry.
00:55:05We have king...
00:55:06Oh, sorry.
00:55:06D5, d7.
00:55:08Notice, you cannot play...
00:55:10You can't play king e5.
00:55:15You step back and get the opposition.
00:55:18Right?
00:55:19So, we go to e8.
00:55:23E6, and then d8 would control the queening square.
00:55:26So, instead, again, what we want to do is to say, okay, how do we get to the position where
00:55:32we are winning?
00:55:34We want to get to the ideal square, so how do we do that?
00:55:37Okay.
00:55:38We play king d5.
00:55:39Similar to the other position.
00:55:43Black can play king d7.
00:55:46So, when we look at the position, what do you think?
00:55:48Is this winning or losing?
00:55:51Is this drawn for black or losing for black?
00:55:54Well, let's see.
00:55:56Black has the opposition, so where are we going to play?
00:55:58We notice that the pawn on d4 can't move, so we move the king.
00:56:02In which case, if you play king e5, we play king e7.
00:56:07So, let me show you with the analysis that this is correct.
00:56:12You see?
00:56:13King c5, king c7.
00:56:15King e5, king e7.
00:56:17Notice, it's a draw.
00:56:18King f5.
00:56:21If you move to king f5, then we get in front of the pawn king d6.
00:56:27Notice, we don't have king e5 because d6 covers that square, and the objective is to get over to d5.
00:56:35So, this is equal.
00:56:38Let's go to our next position.
00:56:42See, the important thing is to recognize how you can get the opposition, right?
00:56:49And then, how can we get to the square where we are in the ideal position, okay?
00:56:59So, now here we notice that black has the opposition for now.
00:57:09Because white did not move last because it's white to move.
00:57:14That must mean that either white moved up, for example, g3, or he moved into the opposition with g5.
00:57:25But with white to move, it must have meant that black moved last.
00:57:29So, if black moved last, he must have played king g7 from either g8, any of the squares next to
00:57:35it, right?
00:57:36Because he can't have moved on the squares that, like, for example, f6, any of the squares in front of
00:57:40the white king.
00:57:42So, black just apparently has played king g7 because that's the position now.
00:57:47So, white to play.
00:57:49This is the situation.
00:57:51Black has the opposition.
00:57:52How do you make headway?
00:57:54Well, you've got to waste the move to get to the position.
00:57:58You've got to use your pawn to waste the move so the king will get out of the way.
00:58:04So, what do you do?
00:58:05You play g4.
00:58:06So, black has basically two options.
00:58:09We can go either f7, h7, h8, f8, or g8.
00:58:19Okay?
00:58:19So, let's say he goes f7.
00:58:21We go king h6.
00:58:23If he goes h7, we're going to go king f6.
00:58:27And the other option is we could play, if we play g8, I'm going to go g6.
00:58:33And if he goes f8, let me show you.
00:58:42If black plays f8 now, you just move up the board.
00:58:47Why?
00:58:47We have this extra tempo gaining.
00:58:50So, king g8 now, g5.
00:58:54See the same pattern?
00:58:55And we go king h8, and then king f7 wins.
00:58:59And, of course, the opposite is true.
00:59:01If he goes f8 now, king h7 is winning.
00:59:05See that?
00:59:06So, let's go back.
00:59:09So, g4.
00:59:10This is the idea is to waste the move.
00:59:12So, black has to move out of the way.
00:59:14So, g4, king h7.
00:59:16And then what we do is we play king f6.
00:59:18Why?
00:59:19We're going to go around to flake the king so we can support the pawn push.
00:59:25So, black has quite a bit of options here.
00:59:27We can play king h6, in which case I'm going to push the pawn.
00:59:30He goes up.
00:59:31And then we're going to get the opposition again to push the pawn again.
00:59:35Okay?
00:59:36Otherwise, the king will get in front of the pawn.
00:59:38We don't want that.
00:59:39The other option is to play king g8.
00:59:41Again, white will get the opposition.
00:59:44The king will move.
00:59:44And king h7 is winning.
00:59:46Why?
00:59:46Because after king f7, white can support the pawn after g5, g6.
00:59:52Right?
00:59:53g5, g6, g7, g8.
00:59:55That's a matter.
00:59:56So, king f6 now.
00:59:58King h8.
01:00:01Right?
01:00:02So, it looks like, okay, black has the opposition.
01:00:05But not.
01:00:07So, here's the thing.
01:00:10We don't want to be in a hurry to play king f7 now.
01:00:13Very dangerous.
01:00:14Why?
01:00:15Oh, actually.
01:00:16Sorry.
01:00:16Excuse me.
01:00:17The engine says it's winning.
01:00:22Okay.
01:00:23King f7.
01:00:24King h7.
01:00:25And we can push the pawn.
01:00:26That's true.
01:00:27So, as long as black has the move, we can do that.
01:00:30That's true.
01:00:31King g6 now.
01:00:34Right?
01:00:35We'll see.
01:00:35King g6.
01:00:38Right?
01:00:41King g8.
01:00:43King g5.
01:00:44Again, we're using g5 to waste the move.
01:00:46So, we get over to the f7 square.
01:00:48King h8.
01:00:51King f7.
01:00:52King h7.
01:00:52And similar, as we saw before, g6.
01:00:55King h8.
01:00:56King g7 and king h7.
01:00:57And, of course, we're going to queen.
01:00:59So, what we did was we transposed back into the position where we want to.
01:01:03We just wasted a move to get to there.
01:01:05See that?
01:01:09So, don't worry about analyzing everything, understanding the position, and how we're
01:01:14going to get to a certain square.
01:01:16And using our pieces so we can force the other king to move.
01:01:22So, either we're going to have to make sure we give him a move.
01:01:25He's either going to go to h7 or f7.
01:01:28We're either going to get in with f6 or h6.
01:01:31You see that?
01:01:32Okay.
01:01:34Let's continue on.
01:01:38Here, we can see the position.
01:01:41White either played a6 or king b6.
01:01:44Or, excuse me.
01:01:46Yeah, no, sorry.
01:01:48Yeah.
01:01:49So, either white had b6 and black played king b8.
01:01:55No, sorry.
01:01:56So, okay, yeah.
01:01:57So, you already had this position.
01:02:00Yeah, so you probably played king b6, king b8, and a6.
01:02:04Now, it's black to play.
01:02:06Notice he doesn't have any squares to get in front of the pawn.
01:02:09He can go back to the queening square.
01:02:12But, guess what happens.
01:02:14This is a draw.
01:02:16Notice here the point is black cut the opposition, but then can control the queening square by occupying it.
01:02:23Black now controls the square in front of his opposing king.
01:02:28And then, the pawn is also stopping the pawn from moving.
01:02:32So, that's going to be a draw as well.
01:02:36So, let's go to the next game.
01:02:38Now, here we can see the white's already flanking black.
01:02:43Okay?
01:02:44But, so with white, we see it's obvious.
01:02:47We want to play king g7, right?
01:02:51And then, just push the pawn, h1, off the board.
01:02:54Very straightforward, right?
01:02:55So, seeing that that's black's point, and seeing that the black king needs to be in, get the opposition,
01:03:04and get in front of the king, and get to the queening square, black plays simply king f8.
01:03:11So, f7 will give, sorry, excuse me, h5 will give black king g8.
01:03:18That's king h6, king h8.
01:03:21And then, we're going to have a draw.
01:03:22So, what we need to do is, we need to figure out, let's say, okay, we know we can't move
01:03:32the pawn up because we're allowing him to get into g8.
01:03:35So, we say, okay, we don't want him to have g8.
01:03:37So, what's the logical move?
01:03:38We'll be playing king h7 ourselves, right?
01:03:41Logical enough, right?
01:03:43King f6.
01:03:45Now, we move our pawn up.
01:03:46Why?
01:03:48Because we're already on the best square for the king as it is.
01:03:51And so, we're just going to, again, we're wasting a move so the king can get out of the way,
01:03:58right?
01:03:59So, if he plays even king f8 here, right, we play h6, right?
01:04:06Then, the king has to move.
01:04:07Then, we play king g8 and then h7, h8.
01:04:11So, let's say, instead of playing king h6, now we see the king that's able to get in front of
01:04:17the other king, right, to go to the queening square on h8.
01:04:21And that's going to be a draw.
01:04:23But, after h5, we wasted a move so black has to get out of that square.
01:04:28Notice, white was able to play king h7 to get in front of the pawn and also to push the
01:04:34other king, to prevent the other king from getting into the position.
01:04:38So, after h5, king f8, we waste a move and we play h6 again.
01:04:42Why?
01:04:44Because, here's the thing.
01:04:45We don't want to immediately go to h8 because then our own king is in the way of the pawn.
01:04:50So, what we have to do is to say, okay, we're going to waste a move so the king has
01:04:54to move out of the way.
01:04:55So, let's say h6, king f7, king h8.
01:04:59King f8.
01:05:01I'll be here is the problem now.
01:05:05After h7, king f7 is a draw, right?
01:05:11Because, in this case, white has no move without getting in check because you can't, of course, move the king
01:05:18next to the other opposing king.
01:05:20And the pawn in h7 has nowhere to go.
01:05:23Here's the important strategy why black was able to draw this because he was able to get his king in
01:05:28front.
01:05:30So, even after king h7, black got the opposition.
01:05:37So, white, yes, wasted a move, but black was able to cut off the squares over to g7 and also
01:05:45to g8.
01:05:47H6, go to h7.
01:05:49Remember, I told you if you go to h8, he goes to f8, and then where do you go?
01:05:55His only move is h7, similar to the game, and then plays king f7, and that's a draw.
01:06:01So, essentially, you're just transposing back in the position, and that's a draw.
01:06:07Let's go to the next position here.
01:06:09Just let me close this off.
01:06:11I'm only going to use the analysis engine just to prove the analysis on something.
01:06:19Now, here we're getting a little bit more complex.
01:06:21Oh, okay, sorry, excuse me.
01:06:23This will be our next position for next lesson here.
01:06:26This is work versus bishop.
01:06:28Let's go back to our previous position, okay?
01:06:31Notice here, defender always wants to get in front of the other king to defend.
01:06:36So, if we look at the other positions, right, black was able, the defender was able to control the queen
01:06:42in square.
01:06:46With king a8.
01:06:51So, it didn't matter, because with black to play, this is drawn.
01:06:59Now, even with white to play, it's still drawn, because a7 and king a8, you can't make any headway.
01:07:07So, the important thing here is that black can control the queen in square, and he also has the opposition
01:07:15as well.
01:07:16Okay.
01:07:17So, that will conclude our king and pawn lessons for the end game.
01:07:22There are many variations you can do.
01:07:26Technically, you could do, like, pawn, you can do one for each file, right?
01:07:31But the important thing is one's on each side of the board, and then one in the center, and then
01:07:39there's more variations, okay?
01:07:40But just to get the idea of how to play it out.
01:07:44When I had the one in the center, it's similar if the pawn was on c5 or any of the
01:07:49other ones.
01:07:50It's a similar idea.
01:07:52Because as the attacker members take these, you know, from the lesson, we want to take these takeaways.
01:08:04The defender wants to get in front of the pawn and get the opposition.
01:08:08And then, finally, get to the queen in square and control it by going back and forth, right?
01:08:14If the defender has the opposition and can keep the opposition, it means that white will not be able to
01:08:24support the pawn without some sort of stalemate.
01:08:28Of course, the attacker wants to do the opposite.
01:08:30The attacker wants to get in front of the pawn.
01:08:32They have the opposition to force the king away on the other side.
01:08:36Okay, go back, right?
01:08:40So, like, for example, in this position, right?
01:08:46King got in front of the pawn, right?
01:08:49And he just flamed around.
01:08:51He got the opposition, right?
01:08:54Wait, because we got in this opposition, he said, okay, I've got to keep in front of the queen in
01:08:59square.
01:08:59Then he got the opposition, and then he went over to the square he wanted to go to.
01:09:05Essentially, white-eyed's idea was either he wants to get the king on C7 or E7.
01:09:11So, if black goes one way, he would go the other.
01:09:14And that's just how it goes.
01:09:17Okay.
01:09:18What I'm going to do is I'm going to put the hardest positions, and I'm going to post these on
01:09:27Instagram, okay?
01:09:29The basic positions, okay?
01:09:35Oops, sorry.
01:09:36Oops, that's not a lot.
01:09:38What happened here?
01:09:39Sorry.
01:09:40Sorry.
01:09:44For more fundamental, for the most basic positions, I'm going to, I'm not going to have those posted on Instagram,
01:09:56but for the more advanced ones, okay?
01:10:04What we're going to do is, such as this position here, white to play, right?
01:10:14I'm going to have those as white to play, and we can review the positions, and you can solve them
01:10:21as a puzzle.
01:10:23These are very thematic positions in the endgame to know, okay?
01:10:27Pass pawns in the middle, right?
01:10:30If it's already advanced, king goes around it.
01:10:33If it's not as advanced, king goes in front of it.
01:10:36They're just general rules to remember, and then remember that pass pawns on the side of the board are more
01:10:41effective because they're harder to stop.
01:10:43And then the idea is king in front of the pawn, take the opposition, keep the opposition, and control the
01:10:49queening square, right?
01:10:51And then, finally, the last principle was use your pawn to waste the move so you can force the king
01:10:57out of the way, so you can go up.
01:10:59And so even if we go back and forth, the pawn's always wasting a move, so eventually black has to
01:11:05get out of the way, and then we can control on either side to control the queening square, okay?
01:11:12So always the square that's diagonal to the queening square that the attacker wants to defend.
01:11:21Defender wants to get in front.
01:11:23That's just how this works strategically.
01:11:26All right, so I'd like to think, I'd like to take this time to thank all the people watching this
01:11:33on Facebook.
01:11:36And for all, and also for the people watching recorded version here on Facebook, I'd also like to thank you
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01:12:14Or if you don't know the principles and ideas and strategies, now you know them now, right?
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01:12:26That way you'll have access to all the content on my channel, as I certainly do have a variety of
01:12:33content on this channel for you to view and enjoy.
01:12:35And I'm going to increase the variety, so it's not just going to be in-game, it's not just going
01:12:39to be my game,
01:12:39it's going to be like end-game, middle-game, openings, and how do we play it out, right?
01:12:46We want to see the principles, and then we want to see the execution.
01:12:49So we're going to have a variety of stuff, so stay tuned for it.
01:12:53I'm going to have a chess series, and I want to get my name out here so you know I'm
01:12:58offering this instruction for you, value added.
01:13:01And then later on, I will have some sort of free download where you can get this supplementary material,
01:13:09and then later I will offer some coaching as a supplement to it.
01:13:15But first, I want you to understand how this works and be able to have the material.
01:13:19So then, if you need coaching or need some help with it, such as you need some help with end
01:13:27-game or something,
01:13:29you need a little more help, I'm definitely going to be available for that for coaching.
01:13:32All right?
01:13:33Also, if you haven't already, please click the bell button.
01:13:36That way you'll be notified of all my future videos.
01:13:39That way, when a new video of mine comes out, you won't miss it because you'll be notified accordingly.
01:13:45So I'd like to wish you a great day wherever you are in the world.
01:13:49I'd also like to wish you a wonderful weekend.
01:13:51Have a great weekend, relaxing weekend, and I'll certainly talk to you next time.
01:13:57Stay tuned for possibly either a video tomorrow and or Sunday, and then starting out Monday.
01:14:04I'm going to try to do this.
01:14:06I can't guarantee every day of the week, because typically Sundays I like to take off,
01:14:11but five to six days a week, I want to work on chess content,
01:14:15and I want to see you as me being available as someone who's going to provide this chess instruction
01:14:20and also help your game, especially at the lower levels.
01:14:24These types of things I'm talking about are very fundamental.
01:14:26These are the types of things that are most practical, things you need to know first,
01:14:30because these are more practical, these are more likely to come up.
01:14:34So I'm going to show that accordingly.
01:14:38All right.
01:14:39So if you have any questions, suggestions, feel free to put it in the comments.
01:14:45But until then, I'll talk to you next time.
01:14:49Bye for now.
01:14:50Bye.
01:14:52Bye.
01:14:53Bye.
01:14:53Bye.