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00:13Hello and welcome to Beechgrove garden just outside Aberdeen. The warmer weather
00:19is doing its work in the garden and so are we. Coming up George is planting a Scottish classic
00:26in the fruit cage. I'm growing up in the vertical garden. Back to basics on beating the weeds.
00:36And how to give your seeds the start they need.
00:41But before all of that it is the time of year where we look at some of the major projects
00:47in
00:47the garden and we have quite a big job on our hands here don't we? Well we have, I mean
00:51this is the grass
00:52and gravel garden and this was planted around about year 2000 and that was a time when grasses were
01:00very much in vogue because they added to the landscape they gave you movement. I guess as
01:05well they're really low maintenance aren't they I mean this is 20 years later that we're back in here
01:09and really great for xeriscaping so low water maintenance gardens too. But what is happening
01:15now is they've just kind of gone beyond the pale. They're just getting a bit old and tired like a
01:22lot of us. So we've got to decide what we want to do. Hence the flags, right? Yep. If it
01:29gets a flag in
01:30it it's coming out. Okay. For example we've got two plants here, that one and that one. These are both
01:35Callum agrostis so one of them's got to go out. I would keep bits of that and I would take
01:41that out.
01:42So what do I do with my flag? Put your flag in it. Okay. Put the flag in it. Right.
01:47So this one here,
01:48you see this one, I would keep maybe a couple of those. Yep. And the rest of them, well I'm
01:53going
01:53to just take out. Put a flag in it. Put a flag in there. I'll put a flag in this
01:57one. I know that we're
01:58supposed to plant in threes. We are but I think they're getting too close together. I'd get rid of two,
02:04I would. Yep. Go on then. That's it. So that's that there. Now we've got a duplication. Just as we
02:10had with the
02:11Callum agrostis, we've got this one here, China Chloa conspicua. That's it there as well. What are you going to
02:16do?
02:17Well, we do, we like to plant in threes but I think this needs to be the star of the
02:23show over here.
02:24So I would get rid of this. Right. Okay. Got a flag in them. Yep.
02:28The other thing which we put into the garden at the same time, because it has linear foliage, it's got
02:33this
02:33tall, slender foliage where Mount Bricius is. Now these are South African plants. They come up with an orange
02:39flower, some with yellow flowers. We had a whole range of them. We'd used them in a little trial
02:44area and we put them in here. I don't know if they fit. No. I don't think they fit. And
02:50I,
02:50what I would like to do is to get rid of all of those. Okay. We could give them to
02:55friends if we
02:56want or we can put them in the area for the dead hedges. You know where that is? Yeah, I
03:01think that'd be
03:02wonderful. It would be a good idea because they can then spread to the heart's content in there
03:05and it's low maintenance as well. So put a label in that. Yep. And I'll do the same here.
03:11There you are. Right. Do you like dilemmas? You like dilemmas? What are we going to do with the
03:16bud leaves? Can I wave a white flag at this one? But the thing is that if we get rid
03:22of them,
03:22then we get rid of something which is very interesting in this garden, in the whole of Beach School
03:27Garden at the end of the season when we get lots of butterflies on them. We don't have big plants
03:32like this elsewhere in the garden. So if we could propagate from those and then plant them somewhere
03:36else, the youngsters somewhere else, that would be the ideal thing. So I would suggest we leave them
03:42for maybe a couple of years. I trust your judgment. While we grow young ones. If we take a lot
03:47of these
03:47things out, we're going to create a lot of space. That might be a good thing. Well, I think so,
03:53because the whole point is to let the wind in and to let them breathe and really sort of billow
03:57around and
03:57do their thing, right? Yeah, because if they're too tight, what happens is that they blow against
04:02one another and you don't actually get the full effect. Now it's time for some handy hints.
04:14Doesn't this look magnificent? This is Trillium chloropetalum, which comes from
04:19Northwest America and it's a woodland plant and enjoys growing in the shade. Now if you remember,
04:24in August last year, I took seed off this and I sowed it. And I sowed it in this tray
04:30here.
04:31And if you look very carefully, you think there's nothing coming up. There are the seeds there. See
04:36that? The seeds are still there because they will lie there and put the root down. And then the
04:42following year, that's them there. They've put up their chute. So the moral of the story here is,
04:49and the handy hint for this week is, never throw away a pot of Trilliums one year after sowing.
04:59Now is the perfect time to be potting up our Dahlia tubers to get them ready for the summer.
05:05So what we need is some nice free draining compost. We need quite a small pot that'll keep them quite
05:11restricted and nice and warm. And we also need our tubers. So to begin, we're just going to put in
05:17a wee bit of compost down into the bottom of the pot, lifting our tubers now. What we're going to
05:24do is
05:24just pop them in. Now we want them to be quite high. We don't want to dig them in too
05:28deep. So they're
05:31just going to backfill. So all we're going to do with these afterwards is put them in a nice sunny
05:37spot. And hopefully in the next few weeks, once the risk of frost has passed, they can go outside.
05:56The fruit cage at Beechgrove has been very productive over the years. But you know,
06:00the one thing that has been missing, although we've got a whole variety of fruit, the one thing missing
06:04has been raspberries. We tried them a number of years ago and they didn't really do terribly well.
06:09So they've been missing from the whole fruit cage here. So this year, we're going to plant some new
06:15ones. Now, what was in this bed before were blackcurrants. So they stretched all the way along.
06:21We've taken them all out because we've got other blackcurrants elsewhere and we've cultivated the
06:26soil. We've added organic matter to it. And now we're going to plant some new raspberries. We've got
06:32two different sorts because that's what we grow in gardens normally. We grow autumn fruiting ones and we
06:39grow summer fruiting ones. And the ones that I'm going to show you, first of all, are the autumn
06:44fruiting ones. And this is the variety Sky. Remember, please, when you go to the garden centre to buy
06:53raspberries, you'll get them in a bundle and they often come wrapped in black polythene. When you get
06:59them home, take that black polythene off. Get the roots exposed and put the roots in a bucket of water
07:05to
07:05get them to rehydrate so that the plant is full of water when you plant it. And that gives it
07:10its best chance of growing. Anyway, what I had here was raspberries which have taken out the bundle
07:17and that's them down in the corner here. It's very important to give them as much of a good start
07:22as possible. So this is mycorrhizal fungi which you put around the edge of the hole so that when we
07:27fill
07:28in with the soil that what happens is that the whole plant, then the roots of the plant, gets covered
07:33in the soil and the mycorrhizal fungi. And then on the top of this soil here, we're going to put
07:39some
07:39balanced fertiliser on that. And that's it. So we're now ready to put the plant in. Can I show you
07:47the
07:47roots of these? There we are. These have not been exposed. So these are roots which are still quite moist.
07:55And the idea is to get them into the soil as quickly as possible. What you hope to find are
08:00these little shoots which are coming up there, right? These little shoots that are there are
08:04the canes which will be produced and will fruit this autumn. That's what you've got to preserve. Don't
08:11knock these off and think that they're some weed or other because they're not. So we'll put that in there.
08:15I'll just put them in loosely just now and then I'll show you what I'm going to do.
08:21Right. With this then, if I plant this one in the middle here first. See, there's what we've got.
08:27Now what I want to do is to be able to get this root collar here
08:31planted just about level with the soil. That goes in like that.
08:42So that's it planted. You see, it's as simple as that. And if you want to go even further,
08:50get your foot on it and make sure that the roots are in proper contact with the soil. And that's
08:56it.
08:58This one here, same idea. We'll lift that up. It's pushing the soil in round about
09:09and firming it. Okay. Planting autumn raspberries or pruning back autumn raspberries. At this time
09:17of year what you can do is that you can take the tops off. Now this is all growing up
09:24at the top here,
09:25but if I take that off there, right, what that means is that's going to force the buds further
09:31down to grow and especially those buds that are underground. So if I just take these back,
09:38we often used to talk about the fact that you would take them off at knee height. Well,
09:42my knees are a wee bit taller than that, but there you go. That's it. Done like that. Do the
09:47whole thing
09:47all the way along. I'll prune these ones back. And then the summer fruiting ones, which are along there,
09:53will be planted in exactly the same way. When you're buying things from the nursery
10:00and garden centre, think about where they came from originally. Raspberries are a woodland plant.
10:08They grow at the edge of woodland. They like soil, which is full of organic matter. They like semi-shade
10:15very often. And they are things which require treatment in the autumn to prune them back to
10:22get them to regrow the following year. So don't just leave them. Make sure that you cultivate them
10:28properly. And in autumn fruiting ones, make sure that you preserve these little shoots, which are going to
10:33come up through the ground.
10:45So from Raspberry Kings to my vertical garden. Now you may remember last year that I was growing up
10:53instead of out using purpose-built and also pallet planters. This year I wanted to show you something
10:59slightly different. So I'm challenging myself to growing only up to 50 centimetres from my fence here.
11:07And the first thing I'm going to show you is this Asian pear, variety Shin Seiki. It's a bit of
11:14an
11:14unusual pear, but I'm hoping will produce some really, really nice yellow, really crisp fruits,
11:21which will be lovely in years to come. Now the thing with this variety is that it has been grafted
11:27onto
11:28this Pyrus betulifolia rootstock, which is great for this location because not only is it disease resistant,
11:36but it also has great frost and cool temperature tolerance, which will make it great for us up here in
11:42Aberdeen.
11:43So with this, what I'm going to do is get it in the hole and I'm going to espalier it
11:48to keep it nice and tight
11:49against that fence. I'm not going to let it grow out too far this way, but that will just be
11:55trained over the season
11:56and into next year as well, just to keep it nice and tight against the fence. Over here, what I'm
12:02going
12:02to be doing, I have this big planter and what I'm going to do with it first is plant this
12:07star jasmine.
12:08Now you might be wondering why I'm planting a star jasmine when this is all about produce,
12:12but it has a couple of benefits. So first of all, because it's very, very big, really, really tall,
12:19I'm going to grow up here and create a lovely canopy. And this will create this quite nice,
12:25cosy little space that will give us winter interest as well because it's evergreen.
12:30But not only that, and this is where the real benefit comes in, is that it has loads and loads
12:35of flushes of white, really fragrant flowers. So it'll be beautiful smells for us, but also we'll draw in all
12:42those pollinators that I'm going to need, particularly for some of my fruit trees and
12:47other bits and bobs that I'm going to be growing. Now, the first thing I'm going to do with it
12:50is
12:51apply some mycorrhizae. Now, we talk about mycorrhizae quite a lot, so I thought it'd be useful
12:55for you to understand what it is and why we use it. So essentially what it's referring to is this
13:00mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plants. And by applying this to the root systems,
13:07the fungus will actually penetrate into the plant itself and create this really extensive network
13:14of what is called hyphae. And what that will then do is allow the plant to draw up all of
13:20the nutrients
13:20and all of the water from that fungal root system into the plant. But what the fungus gets in return
13:26is some sugars from the plant. Now, for us as gardeners, the other great thing about it is that we'll
13:32be able
13:32to reduce down the amount of fertiliser that we use, which at the moment is getting more expensive.
13:37And it's going to get even more expensive with everything that's going on in the world. Now,
13:41there's a couple of things to bear in mind with it, though. The first is that you will not get
13:45these
13:45mycorrhizae relationships with brassicas. So it's one of those conundrums in the horticultural world.
13:50So if you are growing cabbages and things like that, then mycorrhiza won't really do you any benefit.
13:56So let's get on to applying. So just lifting my pot, lifting out, rustling up the roots just a little
14:05bit to encourage that growth. I'm going to do just a bit of a sprinkling application. It is a bit
14:11dusty,
14:12so just bear in mind your wind direction. And then in the pole it goes. Get this nicely firmed in.
14:18And I'm aiming for a bit of an angle just to encourage it growing towards the fence and upwards.
14:27And after a bit of a water, I think that will come on quite nicely. Now, the weather is warming
14:33up and
14:33our plants are growing like mad, but so are the weeds. They are everywhere at the moment. So we're
14:38over to Colin Crosby, who is going to give you a guide on how to take them out in Back
14:42to Basics.
14:55Here I am back in the garden and I've been away for a few weeks and my goodness, we've gone
15:00from winter
15:01into spring. And there's one thing that grows faster than anything in the garden and that's weeds. So I
15:07need to get rid of all these weeds that are coming up because there's the old saying, one year seeding,
15:12seven years weeding. And I want to avoid that as much as I can. There's a number of tools you
15:18could
15:18use, the border fork, but I actually think in this occasion, my handheld little weeding device,
15:25it's almost like a small handheld onion hoe. This is what I'm going to use, but I've got to be
15:30careful
15:30because I've got the helleniums I planted last year that I grew from cuttings and I don't want
15:35to damage them. So here goes, there's a great range of weeds, we've got hairy bitterscress,
15:41we've got milky thistle, we've got the epilobium, the annual fireweed that's coming up here,
15:47and all of these have to come out. And you can see how I'm just going underneath the surface,
15:53pulling them out and actually picking them up and putting them into my bucket.
15:58This is a really therapeutic job when you're doing it, and so important, because if you can
16:04get on top of the weeding at this time of year, you'll be on top of the weeding for the
16:09rest of
16:09the gardening season.
16:16Now occasionally in the garden, you get weeds that have got long tap roots, such as dandelions and
16:22docks. And here I've got a great specimen of a dock which is in here. Now if I was to
16:27use this
16:27handheld weeding tool and take the top of it off, the root system would regrow again. What I need to
16:33do with this is actually get the tap root right out of it. So I'm going to use the border
16:38fork,
16:39I need to go down in, and just slowly, slowly, you can see it really has a deep root. Let's
16:47see how it
16:48goes. That looks better. And there we go, there's the long tap root that you get from the docks and
16:55from dandelions. And if I was to leave a tiny little bit like that in there, it would regrow,
17:01and I'd be digging it out again at the end of the summer. I'm just going to throw it again
17:05in the box
17:06there. Great to get it out of the way.
17:18Now if you remember last summer, I was looking at this corner of the garden from up there,
17:23and I realised I need more of this purple Ligularia Britmarie Crawford. But what it means, I need to
17:30lift and divide the purple Ligularia to fill this space. You have to remember a garden is like an
17:36unfinished painting. You always want to make changes to improve it. Now, to dig out the Britmarie
17:43Crawford. Get the spade round about to loosen the root system.
17:53So there's one clump. You see how I'm shaking the soil off it. It's a great time of year in
18:02the spring
18:02to be lifting and dividing perennials. Now you can see in my hand there, there is like a clump
18:10of plants in there. That's certainly going to be one. So just going to get the garden knife in and
18:19split
18:19through it. Got quite a woody root system in the centre there. But I want to get as many plants
18:27as I possibly can. So there we go. There's one plant. And if I'm careful, look at that. I've got
18:36two plants out of there. So what I'm going to do is get my border fork and just start digging
18:46over the soil.
18:49It's going to go all the way to the front. So you can see it's almost like tickling it.
18:56I want to fill in the holes at the back where the clumps came out of.
19:02And that is me ready for replanting.
19:11Lots of moisture on the ground at the present moment. So absolutely perfect for planting.
19:18So you can see where it was in the ground. And it's old level. That's where I want to plant
19:24it now.
19:25And in it goes. Firming it round. Whenever you plant, always give it a good firm,
19:32just to stop birds or anything pulling them out. This will be a mass of purple foliage and
19:39daisy flowers. Probably won't look at its best this year. But next year, when it settles down,
19:45it will just look wonderful.
20:00At the start of the series, Brian gave a back to basics guide on sowing seed for veg and salad
20:07crops.
20:07But some seeds do need a wee bit of extra attention and treatment to ensure that really good germination,
20:15really kickstart them off. And the reason for that is really, when you look here, you can see with this
20:22brassica, we've got really inconsistent germination. We've got a couple of cells that there's nothing
20:26growing in at all. And we've got some that are much smaller than the others. So with a wee bit
20:32of treatment,
20:32these might have been more consistent. So what do we mean by treatment? Well, we're really looking
20:39at that mimicking of nature. And there's a bunch of different ways that we can do it. So the first
20:44of which I've got some lupin seeds here. And what we can do with these is soak them kind of
20:49overnight,
20:5012 hours or so will do a really good job. What it does is it just softens the seed coat.
20:55That means
20:56that when you sow them, they should germinate that wee bit quicker and much more consistently,
21:01because they've all had the same amount of water for the same amount of time. And it just gets them
21:06on their way. Now, another option that we have as well is what's called scarification. So this is just
21:13a kind of a mechanical sort of rubbing. And it's breaking down that seed coat, again, just to help
21:19the water absorb up into the seed coat consistently. So to do this, we have some morning glory here. And
21:28this seed's actually quite helpful because it has this wee point that we can grab onto. And it can
21:33be a bit tricky. So bear with me if they go pinging off everywhere. So we'll just grab it like
21:38this,
21:39like that. We've got some sandpaper, a nail file will do just as good as well. And we're just going
21:45to take the seed and give it a wee bit of a rub, give it a few at a time.
21:50And we're just looking for
21:52that seed coat to break down. And that's absolutely perfect. And what that'll do is it'll just let all
21:58the water soak in, breaks down that coat that's very, very hard and otherwise could take a really
22:03long time to germinate. Now, next, what we have over here is echinacea. So echinacea is something that
22:08you can get at the garden centres just now. And they may have been treated before you buy them. But
22:14we want to just be sure. And what echinacea need is a cold stratification. So this is a period of
22:20cold,
22:21mimic in winter. So what I would recommend with those is that you pop them in the fridge for a
22:25couple of weeks before you sow them. And then when you sow them, put them in a nice warm space.
22:30And that just tells them that spring is here, wake up and start to germinate.
22:35Now, finally, we have something that needs surface sowing. So this is a eucalyptus seed.
22:42Now, these are itsy bitsy. So let me just get these out for you here and just show you these.
22:48Now, what do we mean by surface sowing? Well, it is literally just sowing on the surface.
22:54And why do we do it? So really, the science behind it is that these seeds have a pigment
23:01in the seed coat called phytochrome. And what that phytochrome does is it absorbs all of the sunlight
23:06and it just tells the seed, now is the time to germinate. It breaks that dormancy that is existing
23:12within the seed at the moment. So if we were to sow these too deeply, they may not germinate at
23:18all,
23:18or they might just take a wee bit longer. So to do that, we're literally just going to
23:22sow them on the top, just like this, nice and gently placed. And with that, you could add a
23:31wee bit of vermiculite just to stop them from blowing away. And then what we're going to do
23:36is we're going to bottom water them to basal irrigate. And that'll just let the water soak up
23:41through the compost and not disrupt the seeds on the top too much. You could give them a wee mist
23:46just to help them kind of settle in, but we don't want to let them bury deep because then, you
23:52know,
23:52that kind of defeats the purpose of that surface sowing because they need that light to germinate.
23:57So what I'd recommend is just do a wee bit of research. If you're really interested in buying
24:01certain seeds, absolutely go for it. But just look up what do they need to really get them on their
24:07way
24:07and kickstart them so you have a really successful summer.
24:21Right. What are we going to do today? What is the man up to now? Well, we're going to be
24:25taking some
24:26cuttings off a fig. If you're down south at the moment, you'll find that the figs have got leaves
24:31on them. And that's just a wee bit too late to take cuttings. Up here in Beechgrove near Aberdeen,
24:38we've got a cooler climate. And as you can see, some of the figs have not even produced any growth
24:43at all. There's no leaves or anything showing on them. So that is an ideal time to take the cuttings.
24:48And taking a cutting of this is quite simple. Straight across at the base, right, so you cut the cutting
24:53straight at the base, and then you go up, what, about six inches, maybe 150 millimeters, and then you cut
24:59at an angle. And why do you do that? So that if you drop this, when you pick it up,
25:05you know exactly
25:05which way the cutting has got to go in when you insert it into the compost. The slanted bit's at
25:10the
25:10top and the flat bit is at the bottom. Now the idea is that what we're going to do here
25:16at Beechgrove is
25:17that we're going to produce a standard fig. So that'll be one which grows as a straight stem and then
25:24has a
25:24bushy top. A bit like these lollipop roses that you get and things like that. So that's what we're
25:30after. But in order to get them to that stage, I need to root a number of cuttings first. So
25:36that's
25:36why we've made the cuttings. Next thing is to think about the environment that we're going to put them
25:41in. So we've got just an ordinary potting compost. It doesn't need to be terribly fancy. My theory is
25:48that if we have something which will hold the cutting upright and has moisture in it, then it'll
25:54allow the things to root as long as we put it into the right sort of environment. So what I've
25:59got here,
25:59look at that, there's an old lemonade bottle. And what I'm going to do here is, there's the flat end
26:04of
26:04the cutting, there's the pointed end. That gets inserted in there and I'll just firm that in like that
26:10and then I'll give that some water. Don't worry about it, I'll give it some water. That gets put, gets
26:15covered
26:16up with the other side of the bottle. And that'll be left like that. Once it's watered, it'll be left
26:21like that, possibly for, you know, right up until about July or August, when we hope that it will
26:26have sprouted into growth and be ready to separate out and pot on. And in order to make sure that
26:33we
26:33get enough, because sometimes horticulture can be a bit of a nuisance and you don't just get all the
26:38results you want. I've got another series of cuttings and they're going into this pot here. I'm just going
26:43to put them around the edge, just reasonably close into the edge. And that one goes in there. So
26:51there's enough here. And if I just firm that down, there we go. And in this case, in this instance,
26:57that'll give it a little bit of water so that we get the cuttings in close contact with the compass.
27:07Then that's important. If we don't do that, there'll be air pockets between the cutting and the compass.
27:13Then that means that it won't root. It'll just dry out. So what do we do next? Put a lid
27:19on it,
27:19as they say. Put a lid on it, George. There you are. And we've got a little vent on the
27:23top of that.
27:25Well, you maybe don't have one of these at home, but you might have a big plastic bag.
27:29And a big plastic bag over the top of that will just serve the same purpose. It creates an environment
27:34which allows the cuttings to stop losing excessive water. And it keeps that area moist. And that helps
27:42cuttings from drying out. Because now it's a race between life and death. These have got to produce
27:47roots before they dry out and desiccate.
27:56Well, that's all from us for now. Yes. Next week, Brian and Kirsty are here. And Kirsty
28:03is growing a crop of hops to see how they'll do this far north. Wow. And also, Brian is going
28:09to be
28:10here in the rain garden that he set up last year. Yeah. And we're off to Callum's allotment in Leaven,
28:15so a busy programme. It certainly will be. It really will. But remember, you can catch us on
28:20iPlayer and we have hints and tips on social media too. Yeah. All there. So, in the brilliant sunshine,
28:26we'll see you next time. Bye for now. Bye.
28:56Bye.
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