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00:00American army
00:12A UNIT
00:14It was about 22
00:16on the train.
00:18Do you hear?
00:21The plant is exploding.
00:24There is no reactor unit number four.
00:36We were forced to talk about the real cause of an accident in Chernobyl.
00:44The temperatures in the reactor core were hot enough that the fuel would melt,
00:48like a lava, a highly radioactive lava.
00:55The sarcophagus was built over the destroyed reactor,
00:59but was essentially propped up like a house of cards,
01:03and it was recognized that this was one day going to collapse.
01:06We've seen those brave workers putting the construction together.
01:11We have seen the arch in a nearly ready stage.
01:30The fear that there will be another Chernobyl, it's enough just to say that word,
01:35and that means we're going to get affected.
01:53The Chernobyl disaster on the 26th of April 1986 was the worst nuclear accident in history.
02:02The explosion left wreckage on the ground that will remain radioactive for 20,000 years,
02:10and blasted a cloud of contaminated dust into the sky.
02:15There was really not that much appreciation in the first, not even just days and weeks,
02:22but even the first years, of the extent of fallout that had occurred at quite some distance,
02:29hundreds of kilometres away from the nuclear plant.
02:36Chernobyl remains the worst nuclear accident in history,
02:39but at the time the Soviet state deliberately concealed the danger.
02:45Somewhere, a clear decision was made to not tell the people.
02:55Ala Kravchuk grew up near the plant and was studying music in Kyiv when the crisis hit.
03:02When the accident has happened, nobody was informed.
03:07We did not know about it until a few days later.
03:12We prepared the end-of-year exam, and I am a singer.
03:17So I was extremely sensitive to this dryness in the throat,
03:23but of course that was nothing to do with the physical condition.
03:27It was something which was not visible, but everybody felt it.
03:33Ala discovered what was happening, not from an official source,
03:37but from evacuees fleeing her former hometown of Pripyat.
03:41I learned then from my school friends in Pripyat
03:44that they were greeted by somebody in a hurry saying,
03:48what are you doing? Have you not heard?
03:50There was an accident and the buses are about to arrive.
03:54We have to leave.
03:57This town of 50,000, built for Chernobyl's workers,
04:01was now dangerously radioactive.
04:05You have got levels that are absolutely definitely exceeding
04:10the level you would allow people to be present in
04:14because of the agreed significance of the cancer risk.
04:19Yet critical workers like control room operator Alexi Brias agreed to stay.
04:25to prevent a new crisis in Chernobyl's other three reactors.
04:30After 26 January, I worked for two days on the third block.
04:40I was working for another two days on the third block.
04:41I was working for the third reactor.
04:43The third reactor was stopped immediately after the explosion.
04:46But it was needed to be long, long, long,
04:48to reduce the temperature gradually.
04:51In the middle of the morning, I was back to Ripet.
04:56There was no people.
04:58I knew that they left operators, firemen, police officers.
05:04Then the decision was to finally evacuate the operators.
05:15Within days, only clean-up crews, known as liquidators, remained in a 30-kilometer exclusion zone.
05:22As they worked, radioactive debris continued to billow from the wreckage of Reactor Unit 4.
05:30Chemist Valery Suleimov evacuated soon after the explosion.
05:35Maybe end of May, the Soviet government decided to put some steel structures above
05:45to get the kind of dome over the destroyer.
05:49It was a shelter called a sarcophagus.
05:53It was a tough-outs.
05:55Ala's father, Volodymyr, who'd helped to build Chernobyl, worked on the designs for the sarcophagus,
06:00or object shelter, as it was officially known.
06:04Dad was allocated specifically for this job to create the up-to-date picture.
06:11What is Reactor looking like now?
06:14What was the parameters?
06:16What was the current situation?
06:19It was extremely difficult to get original drawings, because most of them were at the station,
06:26and they were contaminated or non-existent.
06:33We are looking now at the drawings my dad was working,
06:37and the measurements had to be certified very meticulously,
06:42and then see the changes that were done after the explosion.
06:48We are looking at the exploded reactor.
06:53This is what had to be covered, because the lid was blown up,
06:58and has landed in a very odd position.
07:03Dad had a very clear understanding that you have to be there.
07:08You have to see the damage yourself.
07:14The first stage was to get large concrete slabs up against the building.
07:22You basically built a concrete shell with a roof over the top of it
07:27that would act as a reasonable containment of dust and vapours.
07:34More than 90,000 people took part in this building activity.
07:41They were not plant staff.
07:43It was builders from all over the Soviet Union.
07:53So it means approximately 200 days from the decision to completion of this facility.
08:03It's very, very fast.
08:06It's incredibly fast.
08:09Meanwhile, Chernobyl's three other reactors were ordered back online
08:14to deal with power shortages.
08:16So plant workers returned to the exclusion zone,
08:20including nuclear chemists Valeri and his wife Helena.
08:27Our management told us,
08:30you can go to Chernobyl.
08:33It was nothing to do this to destroy the reactor.
08:36We did our regular work as before the accident for unit 1, 2 and 3.
08:51And we started to work in this system.
08:57Two weeks you work at the plant and two weeks away.
09:03We had respirators.
09:06We changed clothes.
09:08We used to travel all the time.
09:10We went to the stations in the respirators, in the protective clothes.
09:18We knew where we are, what we need to do, and in what conditions we are.
09:24We had to go.
09:27For that time, reactor 4 was confined by this object shelter.
09:33And we did nothing for reactor 4. Nothing.
09:39But for workers who were on the front line after unit 4 exploded, like Alexei,
09:45there was no longer a place at Chernobyl.
09:48In the middle of May, they told me that it was all from my dose.
09:54Of course, they were forced to work with nuclear energy,
09:57and to work with radiation.
10:00I had a great radiation care for my right eye,
10:04and my heart, and my eyes.
10:09And there was no permanent disease.
10:13At first, the official death toll was just two, killed by the explosion.
10:19But shortly after, Dr. Alexander Bugar had treated others with extreme radiation burns.
10:26Then there was no permanent disease.
10:29Then the permanent disease was prevented by the Communist Party.
10:34The issue is that I knew, I knew.
10:38But I called my doctors,
10:40who were left in the medical and sanitary area.
10:43And the information was that the majority of firemen and the majority of people died.
10:54Although now far from Chernobyl,
10:56Dr. Bugar had been in close contact with many of the victims.
11:00Yeah, a Chernobyl doctor called me.
11:03He worked a little bit, but again worse.
11:06The main pain, the weakness, the period of pain,
11:10the very poor effects of blood,
11:14the constant, let's say,
11:16the period of pain.
11:21The death toll was later revised to 30.
11:25But some experts believe thousands die from radiation exposure,
11:30with thousands more getting ill.
11:31All of these diseases are chronic diseases,
11:33all of them from radĆofobia,
11:35because we were all very afraid,
11:37and on this emotional stress,
11:39we had to develop these chronic diseases,
11:43these diseases chronic diseases,
11:44which we had to do.
11:45We began problems,
11:47the pain in the body,
11:50the main pain in the body.
11:51My mom recalls,
11:52that I was there not to lose consciousness,
11:54and she then took me to the hospital,
11:56and she directed me to the hospital,
11:57and she directed me to the hospital.
11:58If I took my child's medical card,
12:01it would be more, I don't know,
12:04than a war and peace.
12:08Widespread health problems were just one aspect
12:10of a vast Soviet cover-up.
12:15In the weeks after Chernobyl,
12:18the secret services moved to conceal
12:20the evidence behind the disaster.
12:22The KGB came in,
12:24and all the scientists were told
12:26this must not be released,
12:29you must not discuss this,
12:30what records have you kept,
12:31and they were all removed from them.
12:35After the crash,
12:37I and other engineers,
12:40who worked in the NHS,
12:43were forced to sign the KGB to sign the document.
12:47and we were forced to talk about the original
12:55and the real reasons of the crash on Chernobyl.
13:00Three months later,
13:02Soviet investigators briefed
13:04the International Atomic Energy Agency,
13:07or IAEA,
13:08and clearly pointed the finger.
13:11The Soviet Union,
13:13the message on the whole world,
13:16told us about the reasons of the crash,
13:20and the reasons of the crash,
13:23and the mistakes of the crash,
13:25and the mistakes of the crash,
13:26and the mistakes of the crash.
13:43The report also hinted at problems with the reactor's design.
13:48this was indeed a very specific Soviet type of reactor the light water graphite
13:57moderated reactor or our BMK type in all reactors neutrons split atoms in fuel
14:06rods releasing heat which boils water producing steam to spin a generator in
14:13most designs the water helps maintain a steady flow of neutrons keeping the
14:19reaction going
14:38all reactors use control rods to absorb neutrons which slows the
14:43reaction down if you take control rods out the power will rise if you put them
14:49in it should decrease it's like driving a car a little bit of fine tuning adjust a
14:54bit to the left a bit on the accelerator a bit on the brake same with the reactor
15:01unusually the RBMK also used graphite to help manage neutron flow in blocks
15:07surrounding the fuel rods and on the end of each control rod
15:15this mix of both water and the graphite was really quite unique and had been
15:20studied in the West and very definitely was known by 1986 to have quite
15:27potentially dangerous operating conditions there were situations of the
15:34positioning of the control rods where you couldn't get them in fast enough you
15:38wouldn't be able to slow the reaction concerningly these situations included
15:44when the emergency stop or scram button was hit
15:48but reactor designs were a state secret so most staff at Chernobyl were not told about this serious floor
16:17of course the Soviet Union got around that by saying here's the rule book don't
16:23operate in those regimes because the psychology was the rule would not be
16:29disobeyed on the 25th of April ahead of planned maintenance unexpected events tore up
16:36the rule book it had been decided that the Chernobyl reactor in late April would
16:43conduct an experiment related to how you bring a reactor back after there had been
16:51perhaps a power cut externally so they started on the 26 to reduce the power from 3200 megawatts
17:02down to half at that time they got a telephone call from the electricity board in Kiev who had
17:11noted that a normal or non nuclear power station had broken down so they said could you please stop
17:22this pause was not part of the plan there were no rules to follow even so once the power shortage
17:30passed the test resumed so the internal configuration of the reactor is being changed and adjusted to
17:38help try to make the experiment work but it is producing what resulted in this unstable condition the
17:47reactivity started to happen which made the reactor just increasing and increasing in power
17:58realizing the reactor was out of control operator Leonid Toptonov hit the scram button exposing that
18:05catastrophic design flaw when that scram button was hit the control rods were going to drop so that
18:11these rods should soak up all the neutrons the only problem was the first bit to enter the reactor had
18:17graphite and that graphite and that graphite that came in further increased the neutron population in
18:22the core so you were then into a thermal runaway producing a lot of steam massive amount of steam there
18:30is a massive expansion and that produces a huge force enough to lift and blow the lid off the reactor
18:43all these materials that were inside the fuel rods all that radioactivity is now up in the sky
19:01toptonov died two weeks later one of the few official deaths from radiation sickness
19:08the reactor operator to their to their death said they didn't understand what had happened they
19:16thought they'd done everything according to procedures as new information came to light
19:24the IAEA issued a revised report suggesting Soviet authorities had deliberately downplayed problems with
19:33the reactor design there was human error associated with what happened at Chernobyl but there was also a
19:39design fault of course the people who were in the control room at the time thought that whatever they
20:01were doing there was a single solution if it was going really wrong which was the scram button
20:18I've stood in that control room wearing PPE and mask etc I've stood with my hand over where
20:26that scram button was and that kind of for me put it all into perspective genuinely at that point in
20:34time they didn't know that pressing that button was going to cause this incident
20:38while the Soviets withheld information and deflected blame for Chernobyl winds had blown radioactive dust across Europe and as news
21:05of the cover-up also began to spread faith in
21:08when nuclear power and nuclear power plunged Chernobyl is a big sort of PR disaster with regards to nuclear technology
21:19just had so many impacts some countries stopped their nuclear energy the fear that there will be another Chernobyl it's
21:28enough just to say that word and that means we're going to get affected we might get radioactivity we might
21:35get cancer because of this
21:39Closer to home the crisis deepened mistrust of the entire Soviet system
21:55The Chernobyl accident caused a lot of concerns and doubt particularly in Ukraine and in Belarus over the manner in
22:06which their republicans are
22:07were controlled from Moscow and the call for independence rose all the greater when they realized how the Chernobyl accident
22:16had been managed
22:19The Chernobyl incident was almost like the sort of straw that broke the camel's back when it comes to the
22:24fall of the Soviet Union
22:35Once the Soviet Union disintegrated hoping to learn the true scale of the disaster former republics opened their doors to
22:43foreign scientists
22:44At that time it was very important for international observers to come in because by then the people were tired
22:52of being lied to tired of not getting all the information
22:58In 1991 I got the chance to go to Chernobyl on a research project where we wanted to measure in
23:07the environment and also study the effects of shielding in the buildings in Pripyat
23:14For example
23:16I made my first entry into the zone and did some sample collection
23:24And you saw mostly deserted houses
23:30Workers weren't living there because if you lived there you'd get radioactivity 24 hours a day
23:35But if you went in just for a few hours in a day you'd get low enough levels that were
23:41tolerable for the work
23:43Just all part of a job that has a certain level of risk
23:48That was an experience which was mixed feelings I think because we went into an apartment
23:55You could see dolls and things from kids who were suddenly taken their way
24:02It was a funny feeling to see the empty town
24:07In 1992, Oleksandr Sirota, training as a journalist, returned to Pripyat for the first time since the disaster
24:15I went to the streets and went to the streets and were very important to me
24:22And in the end of the day there was a very important transformation
24:27I only then realized that we could not return to the streets
24:33And in some moments we started looking for the lost archive
24:36It just became interesting
24:37It was in the amateur cinema studio of Pripyat Film
24:40It worked in the local Palace of Culture
24:43This archive was considered lost
24:47Oleksandr searched for a decade before finding an archivist from Pripyat Film
24:52With a treasure trove of footage from their hometown
24:54He hid it in not very specific conditions
24:58It was somewhere in the basement
24:59It was actually open in these horrible banks
25:02And some kind of personal circumstances
25:06It was found to be found to be found
25:08It was found to find those who buy the archive
25:11Well, they found it in the same way
25:15And they found it in the same way
25:16We were confronted with them
25:16And then, during the past 10-year years
25:20We changed them
25:22Probably put them in the same way
25:24More money
25:25Because these people were in a horrible situation
25:27And they were a lot of people
25:29this footage reveals a colorful vision of life in Pripyat before radiation forced residents to flee
25:44in 1993 participated in an expedition to the Chernobyl this town is the town of Pripyat as
25:53you see is a very sad town because there are no inhabitants here we measured radioactivity in
26:00the air in the 30 kilometer zone around the Chernobyl directory to see how dangerous it
26:07was I had higher dose rate on the flight from Stockholm to Kiev than I had when working in
26:16the zero 30 kilometers so but when I visited the sarcophagus then the dose rate went up way up
26:26ten times the concrete and steel shelter built to cover reactor fours radioactive wreckage was
26:34starting to fail Chernobyl sarcophagus meant to last 30 years was crumbling after just 10
26:49the sarcophagus was essentially propped up together so it was like a house of cards it
26:54had holes in it and over time it slowly got worse and worse and it was recognized that this was
27:03slowly slowly declining and one day going to collapse a collapse would throw up a new cloud
27:09of radioactive debris which could spread across Europe once again because of the physical degradation of
27:17the object shelter it was decided to cover the envelope to prevent uncontrolled release contamination to the
27:26atmosphere the international community recognized that Ukraine was in an intensely vulnerable position
27:33in the mid to late 90s and was trying to deal with the consequences of the accident and there was
27:39an
27:39act of solidarity with Ukraine to support them to say that we want to stand with you to provide some
27:44sort of long-term solution that solution was a vast arch called the new safe confinement costing 1.7 billion
27:53dollars Simon Evans helped manage the project for the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development
28:00the arch had two core functions and one was to confine the remnants of the destroyed unit 4 but the
28:08second one was to provide all the equipment and facilities for long-term decommissioning of the
28:14remnants of the reactor I met Simon Evans in the very beginning of the NSC project he was the supervisor
28:27from the bank I was on the controversy my role was to coordinate designers and we did together the
28:38design documents radiation protection and safety for workers was our key priority throughout the
28:45construction there was one area where we were hitting levels that meant workers could work there for
28:51around four minutes a day so the arch was built 400 meters away to protect workers from the impacts of
28:58radiation as you got closer to the old sarcophagus it was a quite exciting times you know it was romantic
29:11time I would say because you see one of the largest facility in the world growing up every day every
29:21year
29:21well I'm proud of that Valery there started working there and he worked there from the first day and
29:28the last day and the last day and the last day and it's good that the western countries
29:34gathered and started to develop this safe confinement and then build this arco and then build this
29:43arco because to figure out the 4th block everything that there was under him in the same Ukraine it was
29:50not
29:56I had been back to Pripyat in 2015 and the new confinement was nearly ready and that was an extraordinary
30:09exciting time we wanted to see it in real life and we were safely taken into the Chernobyl zone we've
30:20seen
30:20those brave scaffolding workers putting the construction together for the first time in decades Chernobyl was
30:29crawling with life new life had also taken over the abandoned town of Pripyat I could not help asking if
30:42if it's possible to drive and see my house the answer was the area where our house was is jungle
30:52now so it was not
30:54approachable but I was promised to be taken as close as possible I saw the ruins of the central concert
31:08hall where I
31:10used to go to various concert events and the beautiful mosaic was there but all the windows were crushed
31:19the exclusion zones are like zombie films but without the zombies in that mother nature very very quickly takes over
31:28something breaks inside you when you see this happen and you walk along the streets where everything was
31:38blossoming in roses and wonderful open spaces and the trees are growing breaking the asphalt nature was claiming
31:46back its territory it's a sort of stark reminder of how fragile human society is it was like a ghost
31:59town it
32:00wasn't that beautiful place that once I knew
32:12six years after construction began on the new safe confinement the arch was complete but to cover the radioactive
32:20wreckage it had to be slid into place a two-week job we were constantly told by the engineers don't
32:29you dare put
32:30us under pressure to do this fast we're going to do this correctly and that's what we allowed them to
32:34do it was amazing to be perfectly honest because you had this world's biggest movable structure inching
32:43in synchrony it was really something quite spectacular and they did it this enormous structure came to the final
32:54place and was fixed there it was so exciting it was intensely complicated but it happened when it slid over
33:10the old
33:10reactor many people described it as healing a wound that enabled Ukraine to look to the future with the
33:15confidence that they had the infrastructure required to deal with the lethal inheritance of Chernobyl the arch was
33:24designed to last 100 years which is long enough to slowly and very carefully dismantle the contaminated ruins inside
33:34you can think about the decommissioning challenge of Chernobyl as being like trying to eat a mammoth
33:38the only way you can eat a mammoth is a small chunk at a time
33:45the idea was to essentially use hanging robotic systems to reach down and start to physically take
33:51the top off the sarcophagus and then reach into the core and grab by grab remove the residual graphite
33:59and fuel materials if you don't have the confinement any aerosols that you make will escape into the air
34:06they'll be carried by the wind and you have no control over where that material goes
34:12a year later Tom Scott brought more state-of-the-art technology to the cleanup effort
34:19this is spot this is our four-legged robot friend
34:23we were the first people in the world to take a spot robot and deploy it on a nuclear site
34:28it just happened to be Chernobyl which is also the most notorious
34:34so the purpose really of what we're doing is to use robots to go into places that are dangerous enough
34:40that you don't want to send a human being
34:44we went into the space around the sarcophagus so that we could control spot and read out what he was
34:50recording
34:52it was amazing experience I was always struck every time that we went in it's a bit like a cathedral
35:00so big and it's so quiet
35:04this is a really historical place people have died there but it's just the size of it and the silence
35:11is really striking
35:13there is one object buried here which only a robot like spot can safely inspect
35:19the temperatures in the reactor core were hot enough that the fuel would melt
35:24in this material it flows essentially a bit like a lava but a highly radioactive lava
35:30it's what we call corium because it's molten core material
35:34and it flowed down into the basement and quite famously it formed a structure called the elephant's foot
35:39which is incredibly radioactive structure and the intensity is such that if you were going to spend several minutes
35:46next to it then radiation sickness would be quite likely
35:51what we were working towards was getting a better understanding of the degradation of the material
35:57and potentially even retrieving that material as part of decommissioning to allow us to start to contain the risk a
36:04lot better
36:08the reactor is just one source of intense radiation that must eventually be cleaned up
36:15Tom and his team also studied several others across the exclusion zone
36:21after the liquidators finished with all of their efforts all of the vehicles the helicopters they were all congregated together
36:29in this graveyard
36:30and they still sit there today
36:34there are some tankers which still have radioactive inventory inside the tanks
36:39those are some of the most radioactive things on the site in fact
36:42so there's a really big decommissioning job there to be done which will take many decades
36:50with the arch secure and international experts collaborating on the cleanup
36:55Chernobyl became a symbol of hope instead of fear
37:08I woke up because a friend of mine who is Russian has called to say I'm really sorry
37:16and I at that moment I didn't understand what what she means
37:22she said I'm sure it will be over and everything will be fine please forgive
37:29I said what do you mean and that was the morning when Russian troopers have attacked Ukraine
37:39In February 2022 the Russian army entered Ukraine and swiftly headed for Chernobyl
37:46call call from my son from Canada
37:51hey hey there are you sleeping it was around 6 am
37:56yes I still sleeping
38:00war is started
38:05my insider at Chernobyl plant showed me the picture of the camera from the main entrance to the administrative building
38:14of the plant
38:15and I saw the Russian tanks on the square before the administrative building
38:23Chernobyl was the first site occupied as a result of the invasion because they came down through Belarus
38:29and it enabled them to have a direct line to Kyiv
38:34the majority of the nuclear infrastructure was left undamaged
38:39however there was a tremendous amount of damage to non-nuclear infrastructure
38:44roads for example bridges
38:47site access fundamentally compromised
38:49a lot of looting and damage of for example computers fire equipment
38:54all this sort of stuff which put the site in a tremendously fragile state
38:59the Russians also besieged the town of Slavutich
39:03where most Chernobyl workers were living
39:05as were Valery and Halina Sulimov
39:08when they captured the KS
39:10they hit the line that went to Slavutich
39:14we were 5 days without electricity
39:19some time without water
39:22without heating
39:23it was cold
39:24it was dark
39:26and scary
39:30and spring
39:3225
39:33one
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39:34two
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39:43In our social networks, our friends started to tell each other that let's go to the street, to a protest
39:54meeting.
40:13We heard some gunshot, machine guns. And then they pulled out the grenades.
40:26From there the officers came, they stood. We moved to them and shouted, come home, come home, come home, come
40:34home, come home.
40:56The retreating Russians ransacked Chernobyl.
40:59The retreating Russians ransacked Chernobyl.
41:35They left the arch and its deadly contents unharmed.
41:39However, as the war dragged on, they left the arch and its deadly contents unharmed.
41:57On the 14th of February, in the early hours of the morning, a Russian drone hit the north side of
42:03the confinement.
42:07This drone attack, 14th of February this year, I was completely destroyed.
42:16I was absolutely horrified.
42:19The drone hit the facility and it caused a fire on the membrane in the cladding, which spread all across
42:27the north side of the arch.
42:29And also spread over to the south side and damaged the ceiling membrane of the arch.
42:40The main volume of the arch underneath the arch is kept under pressure so that you have the air, the
42:48tendency for the air never to go outside to minimise the release of radioactive contamination from the old facilities.
42:57So when you burst a hole in the side and you start to fire, what happens is the fire gets
43:01sucked through the structure.
43:03And so there's very, very significant fire damage on the inside.
43:11One of the problems was that it wasn't just the area where the drone hit.
43:16In order to put out the fires, the fire brigade had to cut some 300 holes in the steel structure
43:21of the arch.
43:23And that could have led to some radioactive material escaping out into the air.
43:29The two core design functions of the arch have been fundamentally compromised.
43:33And the 100 year design life technique arch has been basically destroyed.
43:40I felt everything.
43:43I was angry.
43:44I was shocked.
43:45I did not know what to do.
43:48What I can do.
43:49And what the consequences might be.
43:55There were thousands of people working there to create it.
43:59And there was a drone that needed to destroy the work of thousands of people for many years.
44:09I do not believe we can get the full design functionality, but we will try to be as close as
44:20possible.
44:20What the Russians are now doing is an act of nonsense.
44:26It is an act of barbarism, an act of violence, an act of humanity.
44:31The arch is just a small part of what they already destroyed in Ukraine.
44:39So to speak about it, to talk about it, to say it is almost impossible.
44:51The drone strike and the war have left an uncertain future both for Chernobyl and the people who have lived
44:59with its legacy for four decades.
45:03In the year of Chernobyl catastrophe, when we were much younger than today, it was a kind of adventure.
45:16Really.
45:17We did not feel the fear.
45:24I am proud of it.
45:26I am proud of it that I was to be attached to this.
45:28It was really nice.
45:29It is really nice.
45:29That we helped our hard work to deal with what happened to there.
45:35We both were theŠøŠ»ŃŃ of the bullpen and the war.
45:47We are honored to have a very big part of this world.
45:56Let us know where we are.
46:15Forgotten heroes and critical choices, the world's biggest clean-up after the world's
46:20worst accident, Chernobyl, 48 hours to escape, is streaming now.
46:24Nine o'clock tomorrow and both international relations and a credibility in ruins.
46:29the concluding part of Suez, 24 hours that broke the British Empire.
46:34Celeb Gogglebox is here next.
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