00:00Around our planet, there is a magnetic magnetic beam that blocks the solar radiation.
00:06But is it divided uniformly?
00:08A zone is more fine, and it has a name.
00:11The Anomaly of the South Atlantic.
00:13On the ground, everything goes well.
00:14In orbit, the satellites deraillent in traversing the particles charged.
00:19And finally, this point weak seems to change its shape, to expand,
00:24and some cards show that they even divide in two.
00:28So why is it happening?
00:30And what does that mean?
00:32Well, to understand this weak point, we have to go to the core of the problem.
00:36And of the planet.
00:38A close to 3000 kilometers of depth,
00:41the outer surface of the Earth is an ocean of water and nickel in fusion.
00:46There, the temperature can surpasses the 5000 degrees Celsius.
00:51When this liquid metal develops, it generates electric currents.
00:54And these currents create our magnetic field.
00:58Without this magnetic field, the particles charged from the Sun
01:01will directly hit our atmosphere and start to break it.
01:05But this magnetic field is not a perfect lice and perfect.
01:09It is asymmetric, inclined, in a perpetual movement.
01:13In Africa, some magnetic field curves in the wrong direction,
01:17towards the Earth instead of space.
01:18The scientists call it inverse zones zones.
01:22And they weakens the field above them.
01:25Just above this weak point is the AAS,
01:29the Anomaly of the South Atlantic which I spoke about.
01:32And it changes quite quickly to observe its evolution
01:35in a single decade.
01:36The scientists know it through a mission of the ESA called SWARM.
01:42Three satellites, which cartographically permanently
01:45the Earth's magnetic field in detail.
01:48Their cartes show that the Anomaly
01:50has ended since the middle of the year 2010.
01:53It weakens it and starts to look at a division in two.
01:57Here, on the ground, we are protected by the atmosphere.
02:00But we are still touched indirectly.
02:02If the satellites are falling off,
02:04and most of the people who depend are in low orbit
02:07at a few hundred kilometers of altitude.
02:10On top of the AAS,
02:12the radiation rays are approaching the Earth more than usual.
02:16When a satellite traverse them,
02:17it's like running in a space zone
02:20that's much more charged than normal.
02:23One single wave of particles
02:25can invert a bit in a bus,
02:27corrompere a moment,
02:29clencher a start-up,
02:31or force the satellite in mode survie
02:33where it is all that is sensitive.
02:37Many satellites cross the AAS several times per day.
02:41This means that each passage
02:43is a new coup of day.
02:45Even Hubble does respect it.
02:47Hubble is one of the most famous telescopes
02:49of the AAS,
02:50that's the fastest and most beautiful planets
02:52of galaxies,
02:53of new bulbs
02:54and strange objects
02:55from the lointain space
02:56over decades.
02:57But when he is on the point
02:58to traverse the Anomaly of the Atlantic Sud,
03:00he stops,
03:02he stops,
03:02interrupt some observations
03:03and closes his detector
03:05the most sensitive data
03:06to it until it is out of the zone.
03:10This satellite is too precious,
03:12it's not worth the risk of it.
03:15That's exactly what happened to a Japanese satellite of pointe in 2016.
03:20Japan launched Hitomi, a space telescope rayon X of the new generation,
03:25built to study the most hot and extreme objects of the universe,
03:29such as the stars in explosion and the monstrous black holes.
03:33It had to work for years.
03:35Instead of that, a problem appeared during a passage in the AAS
03:39a caused a cascade of defiance of the attitude control.
03:43The vessel was turning,
03:44it was dislocked,
03:45and the mission was lost a few weeks after the launch.
03:49It's not a simple bug,
03:51it's a scientific program of several years,
03:54worth of billions,
03:55lost in just a month.
03:57So why did the AAS seem to grow and why would it be divided in two?
04:03In Africa, in deep,
04:04the earth is like a gigantic marmite of liquid metal.
04:08A total of billions can change the shape with time.
04:11Imagine you put a powerful hemp one of the pieces of a table,
04:14and above it, there is a fine metal plate.
04:17If you move the diamond at底,
04:19the metal above even moves.
04:21With a single diamond, you get a core.
04:24If you move or add another one to the left,
04:27the base s'enterthing or divide it in two.
04:31The liquid liquid Murray acts like the fibers of the 22nd of the universe.
04:34When the flux changes, it creates weak points in the magnetic field.
04:39If a weak point falls down on Earth, the depression on the top also falls.
04:44If two weak points fall down side to side,
04:47the surface surface can be scattered in two distincts.
04:53And that's where it's fascinating to be a fascinating geology
04:56to become a real problem.
04:58Because if the magnetic field can be reorganized in one decade,
05:02all of which we depend in orbit must adapt.
05:07But is it a weak point in the Atlantic South?
05:10Or is it a weak point in the Atlantic?
05:12Or is it a sign of something bigger, like an inversion of the Earth?
05:18You see, the Earth's magnetic field are not always fixed.
05:23The North and the South are exchanged many times.
05:26The North magnetic field can deteriorate,
05:28and end up changing the place with the South magnetic field.
05:33Wait, what does that mean concrètement?
05:36Well, the supporters assembled in Tribune North
05:38will be encouraged from the opposite side.
05:41But, trêve of plaisanteries.
05:43The Earth's magnetic field will not turn back and become a world in reverse.
05:47It's the liquid liquid that changes its schéma d'écoulement.
05:50And all the magnetic field is reorganized.
05:54Like every natural process, it does not happen at all.
05:57The Earth can first break,
05:59se fragmented in an inadequate zone,
06:01and be chaotic at a moment,
06:03before stabilizing again.
06:05It's this unstable phase that would be the most critical for the satellites.
06:09We know that it's already happened.
06:11When the hot water is cold in the forest,
06:15the small grains of metal
06:16align with the Earth magnetic field
06:18and remain hidden in this direction.
06:22Well, later,
06:23scientists can read this orientation
06:25as an aiguille of a hole in the stone.
06:28A famous case is the event of Lachan,
06:31it's about 41000 years old.
06:34Well, I wasn't there.
06:35But during a time,
06:37the Earth's magnetic field
06:38has greatly affected,
06:39then it's partially reversed
06:41before returning to place.
06:43The most simple idea,
06:44it's that the liquid liquid
06:46at the heart of the Earth
06:47has circulated in an impossible way
06:49during a time,
06:50grouvant the magnetic field.
06:52Aversion of the poles
06:53is the extreme version of this brouillage.
06:56The Atlantique Sud
06:57is a local version,
06:59more modest.
07:00The two are produced
07:01because the liquid liquid
07:03in deep depth can change.
07:05The AS
07:06does not mean
07:07that an inversion
07:07will necessarily arrive.
07:09It shows just
07:10that the surface
07:10can become irregular
07:11when what happens in the bottom
07:13moves.
07:14If the anomaly evolves,
07:16there is another spatial problem
07:18that can hit
07:18beyond this Atlantic zone
07:20the Atlantique,
07:20the meteorites
07:22the Earth.
07:23Sometimes,
07:23the Sun launches
07:24a huge wave of gas
07:26burning,
07:26and the Earth
07:27will be able to
07:27move to the Earth.
07:29It's called
07:29a coronary mass
07:32or EMC.
07:34Some of these
07:34clouds
07:35will be able
07:35to go to a million
07:36and a half of km
07:37per hour.
07:38If one of them
07:39is facing the Earth,
07:40it turns out
07:40the magnetic field
07:41and turns out
07:42the Earth.
07:43This secouss
07:44injects of energy
07:45in the space
07:45around the Earth.
07:47It's a radio sign
07:49perturbe
07:49the GPS
07:50and, in the extreme case,
07:52they push
07:52the electric currents
07:53into the long
07:54lines
07:54at high tension
07:55on the ground.
07:56Ah!
07:56And it also produces
07:57an auroraes
07:58to cut the souffle.
08:01In March 1989,
08:04a strong
08:04storm
08:05has caused
08:06a panic
08:07in Quebec,
08:08plonging 6 millions
08:09of people
08:09in the dark
08:10for hours.
08:11Another example.
08:13In May 2024,
08:14a powerful
08:15storm
08:16geomagnetic
08:16has disturbed
08:17certain signals
08:18satellites
08:18and radios,
08:19poussant
08:19the aircraft
08:20to modify their routes
08:22and repoussant
08:23the auroraes
08:23even more
08:24in the south
08:24than usual.
08:25The Sun
08:26doesn't always
08:27hit the same
08:28intensity.
08:29In the most active phase,
08:34it emets
08:35more eruptions
08:35and more
08:36giant nuages
08:37of charged particles
08:38which makes the
08:39strong storms
08:40more probable.
08:41And in this moment,
08:42we are precisely
08:43in one of these
08:44intense phases.
08:45So,
08:46the risks
08:47of the space
08:47are higher
08:48than a few years.
08:50But if it's more
08:51inquieting,
08:52it's especially
08:52because of our
08:53modern mode
08:53of life.
08:54We depend
08:55of satellites
08:56and electrical networks
08:57more than ever.
08:58So,
08:59a stormy
09:00which offered
09:00a nice evening
09:01could now signify
09:03bugs
09:04signals,
09:05GPS
09:05crashes
09:06and very
09:07expensive
09:08renewable
09:08engines
09:08to really
09:08encourage
09:08them
09:08to
09:08use
09:08a
09:09feel
09:09like
09:13the
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