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Titulo Original: Documentários Cidades Flutuante Mega Construção Discovery Channel
Canal Autor (Nome): Lukevi
Canal Autor (Link): https://www.youtube.com/@lukevi9250
Fonte do Video (Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VuxXKVqaco
Licenca: Este conteudo e reutilizado sob a Licenca Creative Commons Atribuicao 4.0 Internacional (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Note: The original content has not been modified. / O conteudo original foi mantido integralmente.
Canal Autor (Nome): Lukevi
Canal Autor (Link): https://www.youtube.com/@lukevi9250
Fonte do Video (Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VuxXKVqaco
Licenca: Este conteudo e reutilizado sob a Licenca Creative Commons Atribuicao 4.0 Internacional (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Note: The original content has not been modified. / O conteudo original foi mantido integralmente.
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TVTranscrição
00:02Natural disasters, climate change, overpopulation—major problems require even bigger solutions.
00:12It's a new era for engineering.
00:16We can create solutions for everything.
00:20To save New Orleans from catastrophic flooding, the world's first floating city was built.
00:27This is extreme engineering.
00:43Extreme engineering
00:50And it wouldn't be New Orleans without a French Quarter.
00:54Here at New Bourbon Street, we have one of the best ocean views in the city.
00:58In fact, we only have a sea view in this city.
01:12To plan for the future of New Orleans, we must address the city's problems today.
01:19This historic city
01:22Home of Jazz Dixeland
01:25Bay Nets
01:27And street musicians
01:30It is under siege.
01:36Increasingly powerful hurricanes threaten to flood this southern gem.
01:43More than 150 years ago, this was the richest city in the United States.
01:48But in recent years, major floods have left it on the brink of chaos.
01:55Situated at the bottom of a gigantic, bowl-shaped geological depression, New Orleans is surrounded by water on all sides.
02:02the sides.
02:04Lake Pontchartrain, to the north
02:06Lake Borne, to the east
02:08And the Great Mississippi, to the south.
02:12Global warming is increasing the number and strength of storms.
02:18The water level rose almost 30 centimeters.
02:23And at the same time, the weight of the city causes it to slowly sink into the damp Louisiana soil.
02:28At a rate of 2.5 centimeters per year
02:35When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, the storm flooded 80% of the city.
02:48200,000 people were left homeless.
02:51And 1,500 died.
02:55The losses exceeded 80 billion dollars.
03:01About four years later, New Orleans is still trying to rebuild itself.
03:06And it tries to answer a big question.
03:09Can the city be saved?
03:12More than 160,000 residents who left the city during the hurricane have not returned.
03:20But what if this broken community could be rebuilt?
03:25With a radical engineering solution that would raise the city above water forever?
03:31This is the hope among owners of new homes like these, who refuse to give up.
03:36Located in the Lower Ninth Ward, the hardest hit part of the city.
03:40Each of the houses sits more than 2.40 meters above the floodwaters caused by Hurricane Katrina.
03:46Collins Foods has been based in New Orleans for 40 years.
03:49And he is determined not to let another hurricane hit him.
03:53The house was built to withstand winds of 220 kilometers per hour.
04:00It has storm-resistant glass.
04:03A piece of wood can hit it and it won't break.
04:08The floor is 2.40 meters above the ground, resting on piles driven 11 meters deep into the ground.
04:14clayey
04:16This house was built to be used by my great-grandchildren, without a doubt.
04:22This house is safe, as long as there isn't a storm worse than Katrina.
04:27But if the next hurricane brings higher waters than the last time, even she will be submerged.
04:34The next time a hurricane hits, these houses won't hold up.
04:39Because structurally they are the same as the ones that came down the first time.
04:44They are simply new versions of the old system.
04:48It doesn't matter what we do to defy nature or to protect ourselves.
04:54There's no resisting a force like that.
05:06Thus, instead of fighting the inevitable, some engineers propose a daring plan.
05:13Create a floating city.
05:16By severing their ties with the land, the inhabitants will remain forever dry and high up.
05:21And there are financial advantages.
05:24Colin Foot's house requires foundations driven deep into the clay soil of Louisiana.
05:30In addition to storm-resistant wood and glass
05:35None of that would be necessary in the new city.
05:38Floating near old New Orleans, rising and falling with the water.
05:42No longer being covered by it
05:48In a way, we are borrowing water from nature.
05:53For this experiment
05:55In the hope that the conclusion of this experiment
05:59Let's make our relationship with nature much better in a global way.
06:04It's not as crazy as it seems.
06:08Current technology allows us to realize this idea.
06:12Advances in materials science
06:14Nautical projects and maritime constructions
06:17They make a floating city possible.
06:22Can we build it?
06:23Yes we can
06:24Whatever it is, we can build it.
06:26It's not a question of being able to build, but rather how to build.
06:33For the floating city to succeed, it needs to do one thing that the old New Orleans failed to do.
06:42Withstanding a hurricane
06:44To do this, designers will have to study Hurricane Katrina and the engineering failures that followed.
06:52Until we learn the lessons of nature
06:55We will continue to have buildings and environments devastated by natural disasters.
07:01And New Orleans is an example of that.
07:08For many, Hurricane Katrina is an example of nature's unpredictable violence.
07:13The storm's onset showed few signs of the fury to come.
07:19Katrina grew from a disturbance that struck the tropics.
07:24And he had his first contact with the continent in South Florida.
07:28At that moment, it didn't seem like a big deal.
07:30The winds weren't even category 1.
07:34When Katrina passed through Florida, the storm suddenly worsened.
07:40He entered the Gulf of Mexico area.
07:43It has the warmest waters in the tropics.
07:46There was a large source of energy there that could be absorbed.
07:50And it happened.
07:51And he grew up.
07:52And it became a really important system.
07:59When the hurricane was heading towards New Orleans
08:01An evacuation alert was issued.
08:06Many left
08:08But others believed that the city's defenses
08:11Dams, retaining walls and canals
08:13They would protect them.
08:14As had already happened in previous storms
08:16But this time it was different.
08:22New Orleans could have withstood the winds and rain brought by Katrina.
08:26But it was the 9-meter-high waves
08:29Triggered by the storm that covered the city
08:37When the hurricane made landfall
08:39On the morning of August 29, 2005
08:41Lake Born overflowed.
08:43And the water flooded the industrial canal that borders the Lower Ninth.
08:47Quickly breaching the retaining walls
08:51At the same time
08:52A wave of 4 and a half meters.
08:54Coming from Lake Pontchartrain
08:55It invaded the canals of 17th Street.
08:57And from London Avenue
08:59Flooding the city
09:03In total, 83 of New Orleans' containment barriers failed.
09:07We can build structures to withstand winds of a certain speed and force.
09:14But the most difficult thing to contain are the giant breaking waves.
09:20An impressive wall of water, 3 to 6 meters high.
09:32Ah, it was a sad thing.
09:34After the storm
09:35Face
09:37It wasn't possible to get here.
09:39I've never seen anything like it.
09:40My house was pushed off its foundation.
09:43But she didn't move.
09:45The rest was taken.
09:47It was impossible to tell what was what.
09:50I never want to go through something like that again.
09:56Experts say it's a floating city.
09:58This would be the most effective way to neutralize giant breaking waves.
10:04But carrying out the project would be an extremely difficult task.
10:07The first major problem is making the city float.
10:12The city's foundation must be designed to be both flexible enough
10:17To withstand turbulent waves
10:19It is stable enough to support hundreds of buildings.
10:23And hundreds of thousands of people
10:25The city would initially be anchored close to the coast.
10:28To take advantage of the resources of old New Orleans.
10:31But the threat of storms and the attraction of fertile fishing areas
10:35It can lead to the complete abandonment of the land.
10:37Floating out to the open sea
10:39Where independent infrastructure would be needed.
10:41To produce energy, food and water.
10:44And robust defenses to protect the population.
10:49It will be a long and complex process.
10:51To move beyond what we have in the ocean now.
10:55For boats and ships
10:56For an entire civilization there with several cities
11:02I want to build something similar to the United States.
11:05From the early 1920s
11:06When the smartest and most dedicated people in the world said
11:11I know that if I go there and work hard
11:13I can make a life for myself.
11:15And to achieve that, we have to lower costs as much as possible.
11:18We need to build smart structures.
11:20To take this hostile environment and make it habitable.
11:23We have to think carefully about potential failures in order to avoid them.
11:27Of course, if we're in the middle of the sea and something breaks...
11:30The problem is big.
11:31There's no stopping at the next gas station.
11:35And then send someone to fix it.
11:37We could be 2,000 kilometers from the nearest gas station.
11:44There is a lot at stake.
11:48New Orleans needs a solution big enough.
11:51To solve your problems
11:54Failure is not allowed.
12:03What is the most logical starting point for the world's first floating city?
12:10Cargo ships?
12:11The largest ships currently sailing the world's oceans.
12:16Cargo ships transport more than 2 billion tons of cargo annually.
12:22They are capable of carrying more weight than any other watercraft.
12:27And it has much to teach the engineers of the floating New Orleans.
12:35Here at the Nazco shipyard in San Diego.
12:38This supertanker of 1,100,000 liters
12:41It's just a few months away from being finished.
12:44But tight deadlines are not a problem.
12:47Because it's a revolutionary process.
12:49It makes building these enormous ships faster than ever before.
12:54Instead of being built piece by piece
12:58This ship is being built in large modules called blocks.
13:04This shipyard is possibly the largest assembly line in the world.
13:07With specialized teams working in parallel across multiple blocks.
13:12Installing pipes, electrical systems, and ventilation systems.
13:16Producing house-sized sessions
13:18Which can be lifted and fitted into place.
13:23Modular construction is the fastest solution.
13:28And it led to an explosion in the size of ships.
13:35The largest one is over 400 meters long.
13:38And a transport capacity of 156,000 metric tons.
13:45It seems incredible that a supertanker can float.
13:50But the secret is the ship's enormous size.
13:56To carry so much weight, the ship needs to distribute it over the largest possible area.
14:03On the other hand, smaller boats don't carry heavy loads.
14:07Therefore, they require a much smaller surface area at the bottom to float.
14:14But the small size brings a disadvantage in another area.
14:18Lack of stability
14:21Just spend 5 minutes in a canoe with a paddle in one hand and a beer in the other.
14:25To quickly understand the effects of instability.
14:29The slightest imbalance in a small boat can be enough to capsize it.
14:34But the enormous size of cargo ships makes them extremely stable.
14:40If you have something that is 10 meters wide, 10 meters long, and 10 centimeters high...
14:46Buoyancy will be distributed over a large area.
14:49And there could be several people walking on top of it.
14:52Which won't make much of a difference in global terms.
14:55Where is the weight, the center of gravity?
14:58Because it is spread over a large area.
15:01This is the secret to a new floating Orleans.
15:04Where there is regular traffic from residents and constant new construction.
15:08They would cause drastic changes in charge concentrations.
15:11If we have a long and wide structure
15:15We can significantly shift the center of gravity.
15:19Without compromising the stability of the structure.
15:25The city's platform could be built in large blocks.
15:29Which would then be fitted together to form a single gigantic structure.
15:33At Nazco, this complex choreography of assembly is the true art of the process.
15:39That's because the blocks don't have standardized sizes or shapes.
15:43In fact, each block is a unique piece of the puzzle.
15:47The assembly requires dozens of workers.
15:50And these two 300-ton cranes
15:56In the shipyard, they are called juices.
16:00Hank Howell is the man who controls them.
16:02My name is Hank Howell.
16:04I control all the cranes.
16:06I am responsible for moving the blocks.
16:09Here at the shipyard, I am the lifting supervisor.
16:12Today, Hank will be making a delicate transport.
16:15He will have to lift and install this diesel engine.
16:18In a 6 by 9 meter space at the stern of the ship.
16:21It is the heart of the entire ship.
16:24But only 8 ropes are needed to lift it.
16:28They are made of Kevlar.
16:29The same material used in bulletproof vests.
16:32Each rope can support 50 tons.
16:39Hey, good morning
16:41We removed the base.
16:43Then the weight should drop a little.
16:45I believe it will be between 260 and 275.
16:58Hank Howell has overseen more than 700 block lifts in his career.
17:02He states that each of them has unique characteristics.
17:06Because it has a different shape and is fitted in a different way than its neighbor.
17:11As soon as the block is positioned above the ship
17:14It is ready to be downloaded in its place.
17:18And as you can see, the spaces are cramped.
17:21The most important thing here is to descend safely and cause no damage.
17:26Hank and his team work with the crane operators 17 stories above them.
17:31Moving the 280-ton engine back and forth by a few millimeters.
17:37Positioning it perfectly
17:39Finally, Hank authorizes it.
17:40And the motor is supported on the base.
17:47When I started working here, my boss said that building a ship is a dirty, dangerous, and demanding job.
17:53And in this case, I want to make sure we don't look back.
17:56And to say that we could have done things differently.
17:59Whether it's because we hurt someone or because we damaged something.
18:03One of the boys wrote on the helmet.
18:06Chess, not checkers.
18:07That's what we're trying to do.
18:14Nasco transformed the art of shipbuilding into a science.
18:17And the company produces more ships annually than any other shipyard in the United States.
18:23And a new floating Orleans could easily adapt to this modular construction method.
18:29But although cargo ships serve as inspiration for the construction of the city's platform.
18:33There would be significant differences.
18:35The construction of a base large enough to support a city.
18:39It would require a large quantity of steel.
18:41The hull would extend 90 meters below the water.
18:44And the city ship would be larger than the three largest shipyards in the world combined.
18:49But the biggest problem for the city ship
18:52It's because a turbulent ocean would attack from all sides.
18:55Imposing unbearable stress on the structure.
18:59The biggest challenge for engineering is the waves.
19:02Waves are large, unpredictable, and contain tons of energy.
19:10The action of waves in the ocean is not just a matter of water rising and falling.
19:16It moves, actually it spins.
19:18Waves often come from different directions at the same time.
19:22Therefore, we have to consider the worst-case scenario.
19:25If the vessel is being lifted at the ends
19:28That's one thing
19:29But what if it's being lifted at the ends and twisted at the same time?
19:35The fluctuation at the extremities would cause strong tension in the middle of the ship.
19:39A wave that hit him at the wrong time and in the wrong place.
19:42It could cause a complete structural collapse.
19:45In a city built like a cargo ship
19:49Structurally, it's not a very good solution to the problem.
19:52It could be a great solution in terms of buoyancy and stability.
19:56But in structural terms, it would be a headache.
20:00Therefore, building the city like a cargo ship is not the answer.
20:05For a floating city to work
20:08It needs to be big enough at the same time.
20:10To remain stable, yet flexible enough.
20:13To withstand the force of the Gulf waves.
20:16Even the smallest mistake could lead to disaster.
20:26Engineers working on the floating New Orleans will have to push the design tolerances to the limit.
20:31To withstand the turbulent waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
20:36And they also need to learn from the disasters that have struck New Orleans in the past.
20:41Until we learn the lessons of nature
20:44We will continue to have buildings and environments devastated by natural disasters.
20:50We have to admit that we are wrong and that nature is right.
20:55And we must hurry and study nature before it's too late.
20:59And what is nature's answer to the floating platform problem?
21:05Islands of living vegetation floating freely on the surface of lakes.
21:10Extremely strong and very flexible.
21:13Instead of being rigid like a giant floating platform
21:17It more closely resembles a type of flexible membrane.
21:21So, when the waves pull, twist and push
21:25The structural system will yield and flex like a living organism.
21:32Floating islands form when the root systems of aquatic plants...
21:36They merge and detach from the bottom of the lake.
21:39With a thickness of up to 1.80m and an area exceeding 8 hectares.
21:43They are found all over the world.
21:45And here, at Lake Titicaca, in Peru.
21:47They inspired artificial platforms.
21:50Made with plants capable of supporting villages with 2,000 people.
21:54These islands point the way to a new floating Orleans.
21:57Not a single rigid structure
21:59But hundreds of interconnected platforms
22:02Forming a huge superstructure
22:04Large enough to remain stable
22:07But flexible enough to follow the movement of the water.
22:12From a structural or mechanical point of view
22:15We are not considering a monumental platform.
22:19Who also needs to deal with the forces of nature and the sea.
22:25We're talking about several smaller things.
22:27Which can be connected flexibly.
22:30That can move independently
22:33What if a big wave comes?
22:35The whole thing can move with the wave.
22:37And that's the secret.
22:39And this is how nature would create a giant structure like this.
22:42The same idea is gaining traction.
22:45In a country 8,000 kilometers away
22:54Like New Orleans
22:56The Netherlands has faced the sea for centuries.
22:59The country is located below sea level.
23:01And it is protected by dikes.
23:03Retaining walls similar to dams
23:08But the sea level is rising.
23:11Creating what the Dutch call new water.
23:15Expanding lakes on the outskirts of Amsterdam
23:17That prevent growth
23:19And they threaten to flood the city.
23:23This led to a radical solution.
23:26A growing number of families
23:28It's not avoiding the water.
23:30But he's moving into it.
23:32In floating houses
23:37It's the only way to guarantee your house will stay above water.
23:41And it's a cheap alternative in a city where the new water
23:45It is making land increasingly expensive.
23:48But floating houses aren't perfect.
23:51They are too small and light to be truly stable.
23:54What if there is any turbulence?
23:56They are too dangerous.
23:58But some see the new water as an opportunity.
24:02And they are discreetly promoting an expansion into enemy territory.
24:06It's not a passion
24:08It's a lifestyle.
24:09I live in a country that is below sea level.
24:12There's a lot of water here.
24:14And it worries me that we only build in one way here.
24:19In a static way on Earth
24:21And we have water everywhere.
24:23That's why I'm trying to build in a new way on the water.
24:32This is Cohen's innovative idea.
24:34A revolution for the floating city.
24:37It's a two-story house.
24:39Where the lower floor is below the waterline.
24:42It's a format never before attempted in floating homes.
24:45Which became possible thanks to an innovative hull design.
24:50Most houseboats have a shallow hull.
24:54With a high center of gravity
24:55A naturally unstable format
24:58But Cohen's house has a deep hull.
25:01Which drastically lowers the center of gravity.
25:03In addition, a concrete rim surrounds the entire hull.
25:07It helps distribute the load throughout the entire houseboat.
25:11As a result, the structure is much less sensitive to waves.
25:14More than a traditional houseboat.
25:16And even so, it goes up and down.
25:18With smaller fluctuations in water level
25:20In New Orleans
25:22Deeper platforms in tall buildings
25:24They would give them stability.
25:26And concrete borders would neutralize it.
25:28Weight shifts in the city above
25:32For Cohen
25:33Detached houses are just the beginning.
25:37I think that
25:38Urban development
25:40It's something that doesn't just involve residences.
25:43We don't just design houses.
25:47What we do is
25:48Trying to create a set of solutions
25:52That they can be used
25:54To make a city floating on water.
25:56Cohen is turning his idea into a reality.
25:59And a new floating neighborhood is currently under construction.
26:03Rolf Peters is an engineer hired by Cohen.
26:07This housing complex
26:09With 300 houses in total
26:10It is the first and largest aquatic housing complex in the world.
26:14That's why we have so many engineers and service providers.
26:17To build the best quality homes
26:19This way we will be ready for the future.
26:21To undertake even greater works.
26:24Such expansions are possible.
26:25Why build floating houses?
26:27It's cheaper than conventional houses.
26:31To begin with, you don't need piles driven 10 meters deep.
26:35Like the elevated houses of New Orleans
26:39We can say that building on water is much easier than building on land.
26:45The Netherlands is one big swamp.
26:48All the soil is very soft.
26:49And building here is very difficult.
26:51We need to put many stakes in the ground.
26:54And after 10 years the house starts to look a bit crooked.
26:58In the water, all we need to do is create a floating foundation.
27:01What if we could make the foundation a little bigger?
27:04More than a floating house
27:06We will have a very stable platform.
27:08To build the house you want.
27:11Houses can be built in enclosed spaces.
27:14And transported to their destination.
27:16Here at ABC Arkenbaum
27:18Near Amsterdam
27:2022 floating houses are being built.
27:24Each house begins to be built in one of the work areas in the factory.
27:28The so-called dry burrow
27:32When the concrete undershell is finished
27:34Construction of the upper part begins.
27:36With the merger of home and platform
27:38Making the whole strong and inseparable.
27:45After it is finished
27:46The house is carried by the water to its final destination.
27:50Each house takes 4 months to build.
27:53Within 5 years
27:54All 300 houses in Amsterdam will be ready.
27:57And the efficiency of this production model.
27:59It would be even bigger in New Orleans.
28:07Thousands of buildings could be constructed.
28:09In just a few years at a factory on Earth
28:11Then carried away by sea
28:13Up to the city and interconnected
28:16Patronized platforms
28:17With prefabricated buildings
28:19They would allow for the rapid growth of the city.
28:21Expanding exponentially in all directions.
28:27And the residents could move into their floating homes immediately.
28:32After disasters, such as in the case of Katrina.
28:35People are becoming a little more willing to accept these technologies.
28:41These things will only be accepted after a major disaster.
28:47A new Orleans along the coast is possible.
28:50But the engineers want to go further.
28:52Completely severing ties with the continent.
28:55To achieve this, it is necessary to find a self-sustaining way.
28:59To provide food, water and electricity.
29:01For the city's 300,000 inhabitants
29:03It's not an easy task.
29:05But it's not impossible.
29:13Building a floating city would take several years.
29:17To start a fleet of industrial tugboats
29:20It would take a year just to assemble the 25 square kilometers of floating platforms.
29:28The city will become the largest floating structure on the planet.
29:33Larger than all cargo ships combined.
29:41But as it takes shape
29:42The city by the sea would innovate in another way.
29:47How it floats
29:48It would be possible for the entire city to change location whenever it wanted.
29:57But while a new mobile Orleans presents new opportunities
30:00It will also present sustainability challenges.
30:03Close to the mainland
30:05New Orleans could utilize the old city's service network.
30:08But once far from the coast and on the move
30:11The city would have to extract its resources from the ocean.
30:15Initially, we will have to plant on the mainland.
30:17Importing many things from there
30:19With the growth of the economy
30:21Cities are getting bigger.
30:22They will be able to become more self-sufficient and self-sustainable.
30:25The seeds for a fully self-sufficient floating city.
30:29There are currently
30:30On cruise ships
30:36Their function is to keep passengers comfortable.
30:39Fed and hydrated 24 hours a day
30:42In the middle of the ocean
30:43For a week straight
30:45The secret to living comfortably in the middle of the ocean.
30:49It's electrical energy.
30:50Energy powers all the systems on a cruise ship.
30:54From water supply to waste disposal
30:57These diesel engines are the ship's power plants.
31:00They operate the electric generators, each producing 11,500 kilowatts per day.
31:08Energy is divided into two different systems.
31:11Two-thirds go to the ship's propulsion system.
31:15Called ASIPOD
31:16And the rest powers all the other systems on the ship.
31:20New Orleans could produce and distribute energy in the same way.
31:25Motors would power generators.
31:27And the energy would be distributed through a network installed on the floating platforms.
31:31But such a system would have to be 100 times larger.
31:38And it would consume a lot of fuel.
31:42A cruise ship needs 1,100,000 liters of diesel per day.
31:46A floating city with 300,000 inhabitants.
31:49And a much larger infrastructure.
31:51I would need a thousand times more.
31:55Burning that amount of diesel would cause an environmental disaster.
32:02Instead, the new city could power its generators with alternative sources.
32:08Wind turbines produce the same amount of energy as the diesel engines of a ship.
32:12Solar panels could provide additional energy to the electrical grid.
32:16But the greatest source of energy available to a floating city
32:20It would be the ocean itself.
32:21It is a method of generating energy called ocean thermal energy conversion.
32:27The basic idea is that water temperatures in the sea vary greatly from the warmer surface to the warmer water temperature.
32:33To the very, very cold depths
32:35And this temperature difference can be transformed into electrical energy.
32:42The principle is the same as that used in heat pumps found in refrigerators and air conditioners.
32:48A thermodynamic engine is placed between a high-temperature reservoir and a low-temperature reservoir.
32:55The heat generates steam that travels from one reservoir to another.
32:59Turning a low-pressure turbine and producing electricity.
33:06By drawing energy from the ocean, the city would have an endless supply of fuel.
33:10And this would be fundamental to meeting another constant need of the inhabitants.
33:15Water
33:19Humans need 3 liters of water per day to survive.
33:22But seawater is not drinkable.
33:25Consuming seawater would fill the human body with salt.
33:29Leading to cellular dehydration.
33:31Which in turn would cause fainting, unconsciousness, kidney failure, and brain damage.
33:40This ship forces seawater through an engineering labyrinth that essentially removes the salt.
33:47980,000 liters of water are sucked up by the ship daily and pumped into the desalination tank.
33:54The water is filtered, reducing salinity by 3,500%.
33:58But the process also removes essential minerals needed by the body.
34:04Thus, a machine replenishes the minerals.
34:07The water is then sterilized and stored in these tanks with a capacity of 1,900,000 liters.
34:15The floating city could produce its water in the same way.
34:18But the infrastructure would have to be 100 times larger to process approximately 110 million liters of water per year.
34:26day
34:29But although a ship can transform saltwater into drinking water
34:33Saltwater is useless for agriculture.
34:38All the food consumed on a cruise ship comes from outside.
34:42A week-long trip requires 770 tons of food.
34:47Including 23,000 kilograms of red meat.
34:5048,000 kilograms of chicken meat
34:52And 115,000 heads of lettuce.
34:54This land-to-ship supply chain is suitable for short voyages.
34:59But a floating city would need to be self-sufficient for much longer periods.
35:07Far from the coast, the floating New Orleans would be free to explore a new resource.
35:13The ocean itself
35:16Genetically modified fruits and vegetables that can be grown in saltwater.
35:20They could be grown in rooftop gardens.
35:22Fishing communities would once again thrive in the open sea, far from the coast.
35:30The mobile city could follow the fish south across the gulf.
35:35As the city moved away from the coast, it would still need a way to resupply itself with essential goods.
35:41But the Gulf of Mexico is volatile.
35:45The city would need support during difficult times.
35:51And this may be the engineering answer that New Orleans is looking for.
35:58These are unmanned surface vessels or USVs.
36:02A fleet of highly adaptable remotely controlled boats
36:06Currently being developed here at the Submarine and Naval Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island.
36:14Today, for the first time, the navy is taking control of its newest equipment.
36:18They are testing the boat's maneuverability in the icy waters of Newport.
36:26The temperature is below zero.
36:28But that's no problem for this remote-controlled boat.
36:32The USV is invulnerable to weather and ocean conditions that are unbearable for a human being.
36:38Approaching 11 knots
36:46New Orleans will not have overcome all obstacles until it faces a final test.
36:54Hurricane season
36:58If New Orleans becomes a floating city
37:01Major storms will frequently test the ingenuity of its engineers and the faith of its residents.
37:14Imagine that the fishing season carried the floating city 500 kilometers offshore.
37:18And thousands of tourists are in the French Quarter at the end of summer.
37:223,200 kilometers away, a tropical depression forms off the coast of South America.
37:28She already has a name, Lolita.
37:32Hurricane season is finally beginning.
37:42Typically, most systems originate along the Atlantic Ocean.
37:47And the Bermuda High pushes these systems across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean and the eastern United States.
37:55United
37:56From June to September, the region receives approximately 10 storms.
38:01Phil Ferrell's job is to keep an eye on the skies.
38:06As a meteorologist in Miami, Florida, he predicts storms like Hurricane Andrew.
38:11Which caused losses of 27 billion dollars in 1992.
38:15And Hurricane Katrina, which brought 450 millimeters of rain to South Florida, is on its way to New Orleans.
38:23Unfortunately, the storms are getting worse every day.
38:26This is because global warming is increasing temperatures in the Atlantic.
38:30And hot water fuels hurricanes.
38:34That's bad news for a floating city.
38:37Since the 1960s, the water temperature in the Gulf of Mexico has increased by one-tenth of a degree.
38:45It may not seem like much.
38:46But if it continues to get warmer, it will provide extra energy for hurricanes to become larger and stronger.
38:55Fueled by the summer heat, Storm Lolita is moving faster and faster.
39:02Tropical Storm Lolita is gaining strength in the Atlantic.
39:05We'll keep an eye on this and let you know if there are any changes.
39:09When Lolita enters the Gulf, it is strengthened by the energy of the warm water currents there.
39:16The storm is growing rapidly.
39:18The winds exceed 160 kilometers per hour.
39:22And the waves reach heights of over 6 meters.
39:25Tropical Storm Lolita is now a full-fledged hurricane.
39:29Gaining momentum as the Gulf winds carry it toward the floating city.
39:34Hurricane Lolita is growing, this one is going to be big.
39:39If you're in the open sea, you're on your own.
39:43The waves are coming towards you, getting bigger and stronger each time.
39:48Forming a destructive wall of water
39:50How can you protect yourself from this?
39:52It's a very difficult thing.
39:57But the new city is built to withstand such storms.
40:01Up to a certain point
40:02The waves pass under the modular platforms instead of crashing over them.
40:08And the damage caused by the wind is minimal due to the city's low profile.
40:12But although the defenses are adequate for smaller storms
40:16Whether category 1 or 2, more powerful hurricanes are a different story.
40:24In the ocean, storms change intensity without warning.
40:28The strength of a storm can change drastically in a matter of hours.
40:32And that is the greatest danger of these systems.
40:35We can prepare for its arrival.
40:38But it is very difficult to prepare ourselves for its strength.
40:44In old New Orleans, residents deal with hurricanes by fleeing from them.
40:49Mandatory evacuations during Hurricane Katrina saved many, but not all.
40:54Planners of the floating city don't want to take any risks this time.
40:57There is no reason to confront these monsters.
41:01None
41:02Because you're always going to lose.
41:04However well protected the city may be
41:06No matter how strong you think she is
41:09Get out of the way
41:11The winds are reaching 220 km per hour.
41:14The waves appear to be extremely dangerous.
41:17We may face another Katrina.
41:23Evacuate 300,000 people in rescue boats.
41:26Or on unmanned vessels
41:28That wouldn't be realistic in rough seas.
41:31Even if this can be done
41:33Perhaps there isn't land close enough to disembark the people.
41:37Some propose another solution.
41:39Instead of evacuating people
41:41Every city could be designed to escape danger.
41:46This could be done with the help of modern propulsion technology.
41:50Azipod Call
41:52The Azipod is a combination of propeller and rudder capable of moving the ship in any direction.
41:58And it flips easily.
42:02A series of Azipods could be installed beneath the floating city.
42:06Giving it maximum propulsion power
42:08And total freedom in any direction.
42:11But faced with a category 5 hurricane
42:13Approaching at 40 km per hour
42:15The city would have to move quickly.
42:23The tall, heavy city center modules could be extremely difficult to move quickly.
42:29But people could be evacuated to residential modules.
42:33They would leave before the storm.
42:40Regrouping kilometers away in calm waters
42:48It's a project that many consider impossible.
42:51Even hasty.
42:53But a new New Orleans city is not just possible.
42:56Perhaps it is essential.
42:58It's the creation of an experimental stage.
43:01Where will we take the most sensitive technologies we have today?
43:05And the most sensitive social structures
43:08And then we say
43:10Let's try this.
43:13A new New Orleans
43:15It would bring hope.
43:16Uniting a dispersed community
43:18And allowing the proud city to rise above its problems once and for all.
43:25Music
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