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00:00Andy, I'm so excited. I'm going on a brand new adventure with Nina and the Neurons.
00:04She's looking at new technology, so I'm wearing my cool gadget coat.
00:08Gadget coat? Brilliant! What does it do?
00:10Look at this. I've got here.
00:16A pair of glasses that makes everything go dark.
00:19Aren't they just sunglasses, Alex?
00:23What?
00:24Maybe let's leave the new technology to Nina and her experimenters.
00:28Ingo Digital.
00:30You try it.
00:37If you've got a question and you don't know where to go,
00:40ask Nina for some help, cos she's got a science show.
00:43She makes sense of her senses by helping all her fans,
00:46by doing her experiments with potions and with bags.
00:49Touch her tongue.
00:51Fingers.
00:52Eyes.
00:53Here's here.
00:54Notes.
00:55Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know.
00:58Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know.
01:01Look, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch.
01:04Ollie sleeps our smells and sends some bells she hears so much.
01:07But it's Ollie's brother.
01:09He helps us with our taste.
01:10Then Nina's little neurons are coming to your place.
01:13Touch her tongue.
01:14Thumb.
01:15Fingers.
01:16Fingers.
01:16Eyes.
01:17Use.
01:17Here's notes.
01:19Notes.
01:19Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know.
01:22Yeah!
01:22Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know.
01:29Oh, hello there.
01:31Now, I thought I'd finished making this chair.
01:34Then I found this.
01:36I must have missed something out of the instructions.
01:40Erm, oh, I wonder where it's supposed to go.
01:46Found it!
01:48I hear a beep.
01:49I see a flash.
01:50I wonder what they're going to ask.
01:56Hi, Nina.
01:57Hi.
01:58We've got a question for you.
02:01Computers can do amazing things.
02:03How do they know what to do?
02:05That's a great question.
02:07Computers can do amazing things.
02:09How do they know what to do?
02:11We use computers for absolutely everything.
02:13They're amazing machines that make our lives easier every day.
02:16So why don't you come down to my lab and we'll investigate.
02:19See you soon, Nina.
02:21Bye.
02:22Bye.
02:24Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one.
02:26And I know just who to ask.
02:28OK, Neurons.
02:29Time to get to work.
02:49OK, today's question is computers can do amazing things.
02:53How do they know what to do?
02:55Now, which neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
03:00It's all neurons.
03:02Go Neurons.
03:03Go Neurons.
03:04Go Neurons.
03:06Go Neurons.
03:07Go Neurons.
03:08Go Neurons.
03:09Go Neurons.
03:10All Neurons.
03:11Hip-hop.
03:11Happy to help, Nina.
03:13Today's question is computers can do amazing things.
03:16How do they know what to do?
03:18Now, when we use a computer, we need all our senses.
03:21So all the neurons will be helping us today.
03:23Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
03:29Caleb likes playing football.
03:31Kennedy likes chicken and chips.
03:33Sarah loves gymnastics at school.
03:36Michael Hildy can play music.
03:38I like playing games on my computer.
03:41I can draw on my computer.
03:44But they all want to know computers are amazing.
03:47How do they know what to do?
03:50So today, for one day only, Caleb, Kennedy and Sarah become the experimenters.
03:58Hi, guys.
03:59Hi, Nina.
04:00Welcome to my lab and thank you for your great question.
04:03Computers can do amazing things.
04:05How do they know what to do?
04:06To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
04:10The blue!
04:11A senses experiment!
04:13We're ready, Nina!
04:15First, let's think about how we know what to do.
04:18Quite often, people tell us what to do.
04:20They give us an instruction, like telling us to tidy our room.
04:25Computers always have to be told what to do because they're not people and they can't think like we can.
04:30When you tell a computer what to do, it's called coding.
04:34Coding.
04:35That sounds important, Nina.
04:38Coding is very important, Belle.
04:40It's the instructions for the computer.
04:42And the exciting thing is, anyone can learn how to do it.
04:46Let's do an experiment to understand more about coding.
04:50So in front of you, you each have a white board and a pen.
04:55Now, we're going to draw a picture and I'm going to give you instructions on what to draw.
05:00Are you ready?
05:01Yeah!
05:02Okay, first of all, I would like you to draw a big circle.
05:10Next, I'd like you to draw two smaller circles inside the big circle.
05:18Now, I'd like you to draw a straight line.
05:21And finally, I'd like you to draw an upside-down rainbow shape.
05:29Okay, experimenters, let's see what you've drawn.
05:33I'm not sure what the drawings are.
05:35I think it's a plate with grapes and a curvy banana.
05:39Yum!
05:41Well, that's not quite what I meant.
05:44I wanted you to draw something more like this.
05:47My instructions didn't work, did they?
05:49No.
05:50No.
05:51And why do you think they didn't work?
05:53We didn't know it was meant to be a face.
05:55That's right.
05:56I gave you instructions, but I didn't give you enough detail.
05:59I missed really important things so you didn't know it was meant to be a face.
06:04If you want someone to follow instructions, you have to give them lots of detail so they know exactly what
06:10to do.
06:10And in the same way, people who write computer code have to make sure the instructions are very detailed so
06:17computers know what to do.
06:18Can anyone write computer code, Nina?
06:21Great question.
06:23I know a really exciting place where we can find out more.
06:28Oh, goody.
06:30I love this bit.
06:31I wonder where Nina is taking us.
06:34Oh, maybe we're going on holiday.
06:36Maybe we're going to the seaside.
06:38Hey, everyone, we've arrived.
06:40But it doesn't look like the seaside.
06:43Now, for our next experiment, I'm going to pretend to be a character in a computer game.
06:48And you guys are going to tell me what to do using this simple code.
06:53Oh, now look at this.
06:55So this arrow means move forward.
06:59This arrow means go that way.
07:01This arrow means go that way.
07:05The aim of this computer game is to keep me on the green path.
07:10But remember, a computer doesn't think for itself, so I can only follow the instructions that you give me.
07:16So are you ready?
07:17Yeah.
07:18Let's get coding.
07:20OK, what's the first instruction?
07:23Forward.
07:24OK.
07:25And the next instruction?
07:27Turn left.
07:28And turn left.
07:31And forward.
07:32Oh, forward.
07:34Forward.
07:37And next?
07:39Turn left.
07:41What's next?
07:43Forward.
07:45Oh, no, I've moved off the green path.
07:48Oh, what do you think went wrong, experimenters?
07:50You turned the wrong way, Nina.
07:52Yes, I turned the wrong way.
07:54There must be a mistake in the instructions.
07:55But mistakes can happen when people write computer code, so the people that write them always have to check them.
08:02So should we check our code to see what went wrong?
08:05Yes.
08:07This is a plan of the game.
08:09So let's go back to the beginning and follow the instructions.
08:13And if we think an instruction is right, we can put an arrow into the box.
08:18OK, let's start with the very first instruction, which is?
08:21Forward.
08:22Forward.
08:23Do we think that's right?
08:24Yes.
08:25Yeah, well, why don't you put that onto the first box?
08:28Excellent.
08:29Let's have a look at the second instruction, which is turn left.
08:33Is that right?
08:34Yes.
08:35Put it on for me.
08:37Excellent.
08:38Now, what's the next instruction?
08:40Move forward.
08:41Is that correct?
08:42Looks okay so far, Nina.
08:44It's another.
08:45Move forward.
08:49And then it says turn left.
08:51Is that correct?
08:53No, Nina.
08:54Well, what way do you think the arrow should point?
08:56Right, Nina.
08:58Correct.
08:58The arrow should be pointing the other way.
09:02Now that's fixed, let's go through all the other instructions and we'll see if there are
09:06any other mistakes.
09:18Finish me, love.
09:19Hey, well done.
09:20Let's try it again.
09:22OK, guys.
09:23What's first?
09:25Forward.
09:26OK.
09:26Left.
09:29Forward.
09:31Forward.
09:33Turn right.
09:36Forward.
09:38Turn right.
09:41Forward.
09:44Turn right.
09:48Yay! We did it!
09:51Well done, experimenters. Your coding worked really well.
09:55This time I had all the right instructions and I made it to the finish.
09:59But, Nina, it was a really, really, really long list of instructions.
10:05Yes, it was a very long list, wasn't it?
10:07There is a way you can make code shorter.
10:10And there's a really fun experiment we can do to find out how.
10:16OK guys, this time the code has been written out using picture cards.
10:21And you guys are going to follow the instructions on them.
10:24But this list is quite long, isn't it?
10:26Yes!
10:28Can you spot any patterns in our list of instructions?
10:31Red, yellow and green.
10:34That's right. In our code the instructions coloured red, yellow, green always come one after the other.
10:41So instead of having to write out the same instructions over and over again, we could just give the pattern
10:47a name and use the pattern name.
10:49Patterns have names that tell us about them.
10:51So I think this pattern should be called dance.
10:55So each time you see the dance instruction, you know that it means I want you to do those three
11:04moves one after the other.
11:06So let's rewrite the list with the dance card in place of Wiggle, bend your knees and superhero.
11:14The list is much shorter. Let's follow the code. Are you ready?
11:19Yes, Nina!
11:21Wave, jump, dance. Jump, wave, wave, dance. Star jump, dance.
11:41Yay!
11:43Well done, experimenters. That was a great one.
11:46Giving a name to a pattern of instructions can save a lot of time when you're writing computer code.
11:51Let's try out our code on a real computer.
11:59Nice one.
12:04Nice choice. Jump.
12:09And you get to press the green button.
12:26So your question was, computers can do amazing things. How do they know what to do?
12:32And I think we've answered it.
12:33People give computers lists of instructions. This is called coding.
12:39Everyone can learn to write computer codes so they can write programs and tell computers what to do.
12:45If your computer code doesn't work, you have to look through all the instructions in your code to find the
12:51mistake.
12:52When a computer program has a group of instructions that always come in the same order, it's called a pattern.
13:00You can give a pattern a name so you don't have to write out the same instructions over and over
13:06so it saves you time.
13:07So I hope that's answered your question.
13:10Thanks, Nina. Bye.
13:12You're welcome. Bye.
13:14Bye.
13:17If you want to know more about the science that's all around us, go to the Nina section on the
13:21CBeebies website.
13:22Have fun.
13:24Go digital if you want to do it faster. Go digital if you want to do it better. Go digital
13:33if you want to do it faster. Go digital!
13:37Go digital!
13:40Computers and technology help us every day.
13:44Yay!
13:45Making our lives easier in each and every way.
13:48Yay!
13:49They help us understand things and make it very clear.
13:52They make tricky tasks a piece of cake.
13:55I like cake!
13:56If you're trying to understand the world, but the answer is invisible. Invisible.
14:04Use the power of computers. Switch it on, switch it on, switch it on. Go digital if you want to
14:14do it faster. Go digital if you want to do it better. Go digital if you want to do it
14:22faster. Go digital!
14:26Amazing technology is all around us, making our lives faster and easier and giving us an even more exciting future.
14:33So, wherever you go and whatever you do, remember to go digital. See you again soon. Bye!
14:39Bye!
14:41Go digital!