00:00If you got a question and you don't know where to go
00:08Ask Nina for some help, cause she's got a science show
00:11She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans
00:14By using her experiments with potions and with bags
00:17Touch your tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose
00:22Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
00:26Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
00:29Look, she helps us with her eyes and Felix with our touch
00:32Ollie slips our smells and some bells she hears so much
00:35But it's Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste
00:38Then Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place
00:41Touch your tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose
00:46Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
00:50Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know
00:53Oh, hello there, I'm just moving Mr Skeleton
00:58Did you know that the human body has more than 200 bones in it?
01:04That's a lot of bones to look after
01:05So gently does it
01:07There
01:08I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask
01:12Hi Nina
01:18Hello
01:19Hello
01:19We've got a question for you
01:22How do broken bones get better?
01:25That's a great question
01:26How do broken bones get better?
01:28I'd love to know the answer to that
01:30And so would Mr Skeleton
01:32Why don't you come down to my lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate
01:36See you soon Nina
01:38Bye
01:39Bye
01:39Well I'm going to need some help to answer this one
01:42And I know just who to ask
01:44Okay neurons, time to get to work
01:46Okay, today's question is how do broken bones get better?
02:10Now which neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
02:14Me
02:15Me, me, me
02:16Will it be fabulous Felix?
02:20I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch
02:23Will it be beautiful Belle?
02:26I send messages to Brain from ear
02:27If there's a sound I'll help you hear
02:29Will it be lovely Luke?
02:32For looking and seeing, day or night
02:34I'll help you with your sense of sight
02:36Will it be awesome Ollie?
02:38If it's pony or wiffy but you can't tell
02:41My messages help your sense of smell
02:43Or will it be baby butt?
02:45Salty, salty, bitter or sweet
02:47I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat
02:50It's Felix!
02:56Go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix, go Felix
03:04Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina
03:08Today's question is how do broken bones get better?
03:13Because we can feel if a bone is broken
03:15Felix, our touch neuron will be helping me today
03:17Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive
03:21Jack likes pirates and Say likes planting seeds
03:27But they both want to know how broken bones get better
03:30So today, for one day only, Jack and Say become the experimenters!
03:38Hi guys!
03:40Hi Nina!
03:41Oh, welcome to my science lab, it's lovely to see you
03:44Now, your question was how do broken bones get better?
03:47Which is a great question, but why do you want to know?
03:50Because my cousin broke his arm but now it's better
03:54And we want to know how it got better
03:57Oh, I'm glad your cousin's okay
03:58But I think we need to do some investigating to find out more about bones
04:02And for our first experiment, we're going to use our senses
04:06Whoop whoop! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!
04:10Each of us has hundreds of bones inside us, just like Mr. Skeleton
04:16And all of these bones inside of us help us to stand up straight
04:19And get around and move objects
04:23The bones in Mr. Skeleton's chest look just like a cage
04:29Yes, look, and that's because some bones, like our ribs
04:33Are there to protect soft parts of our body
04:36Now, I have some pretend bones here
04:39Now, I'd like you guys to use your sense of sight
04:42To match them to bones on Mr. Skeleton
04:44Can you do that?
04:46Yes, Nina
04:47Yeah, you're right
04:55It's a thigh bone, very good
04:57Okay, Jack, do you want to have a try on your bones?
05:01Oh, well done
05:06That was very quick, excellent
05:09That's the hip bone, very good
05:13Okay, so your turn again
05:14That's right, it's a kneecap, well done
05:22Oh, the last one, where do you think it goes?
05:26I think it's one of them
05:32That's right, it's our calf bone
05:35Super work, guys
05:37Now I would like you to use your sense of touch
05:40To describe how the bones feel
05:42So pick up a bone
05:43Now, does it feel hard or bendy?
05:48They're hard
05:49Yeah, the bones feel really hard and strong, don't they?
05:52In fact, to prove it, listen
05:53Oh
05:54Sounds hard to me, Nina
05:57It is, Belle
05:59So bones are very hard and strong
06:01And that's because of something called calcium
06:04If bones didn't have calcium in them
06:06They'd be all bendy
06:08Ooh
06:09Like this toy bone
06:11Now, do you think it would be a good thing
06:14Or a bad thing to have bendy, rubbery bones?
06:18A bad thing
06:19We need hard, strong bones
06:22So we can stand up and move around
06:24And we get calcium from eating foods like
06:27Fruit and vegetables and cheese and milk
06:29So it's important to eat plenty of calcium foods
06:33Yes! I love those foods!
06:36Glad to hear it, bud
06:37But we still don't know how broken bones get better
06:40To find out more, we need to visit a place
06:43Where people work with bones all the time
06:46So let's go!
06:51I wonder where Nina is taking us
06:54Nina said it's a place where people work with bones all the time
06:59Better sharpen your senses, neurons
07:01We're here!
07:04OK, experimenters
07:06I've brought you to this local hospital
07:07To learn more about how broken bones get better
07:10And this is just the person to help us, Dr Jones
07:13Hello, Nina
07:14Hello, experimenters
07:15Hi
07:15Dr Jones, what can you tell us about our bones?
07:19Bones are amazing
07:20They are one of the strongest things in nature
07:22But sometimes they still break
07:25Yes, even though our bones are very strong
07:27They can sometimes break if we have an accident
07:30Like falling off our bike
07:31But don't worry, it doesn't happen very often
07:33And when people break a bone
07:35They come to a hospital like this
07:37To get it fixed
07:38This picture's called an X-ray
07:41Which shows us the bones inside our bodies
07:43You can see where this bone has broken
07:46We call that a fracture
07:48A what, Tua?
07:50A fracture, bud
07:51A break in a bone is called a fracture
07:54OK, experimenters
07:55Let's see if we can spot a fracture
07:57On a different X-ray
07:59Can you see where it is, guys?
08:03Yes, Nina
08:04There it is
08:05That's right
08:06Thanks, Dr Jones
08:07You're welcome, Nina
08:08Bye
08:08Bye
08:09Bye
08:10So, we've learned that bones are strong
08:13But can break if we have an accident
08:15Or fall over
08:16And when a bone breaks
08:18It's called a fracture
08:19Do you see what that lady has on her arm?
08:25My cousin had one of those
08:27It's called a cast
08:29When someone has a fracture
08:30A doctor often puts a cast
08:32Around the outside of the broken bone
08:34To help it get better
08:35Excuse me
08:37Do you mind if we touch your cast?
08:39OK, Nina
08:39That's how we feel
08:41Feels very hard to me, Nina
08:45That's right, Felix
08:47But how does this hard cast
08:49Help a broken bone to get better?
08:51I've got another experiment back at the lab
08:53That will help us find out
08:54Let's go!
08:55Yay!
08:59OK, now in front of you there
09:01We have three pretend bones
09:03But as you can see
09:04They're all broken into two pieces
09:06Now, experimenters
09:07I'd like you to help me
09:09Put these bones back together
09:10So let's see if we can make them match
09:12OK, find the match
09:15Do they match?
09:17No
09:18Oh, do those match?
09:21Yay!
09:23Excellent
09:23Well, you hold on to that one
09:26Hold it carefully in the middle
09:27Let's see what we can do
09:28Do you want to hold them up?
09:30Do they look like they match?
09:31Yay!
09:32Yay!
09:33So, it must be these ones
09:34Hey!
09:39Excellent work, guys
09:40Now, when a real bone breaks
09:42The two pieces need to fit back together perfectly
09:45For the bone to heal properly
09:46And healing means
09:48When something gets all better again
09:50But how do your bones get better, Nina?
09:53Well, our bodies make a special substance
09:56That's a bit like
09:57This glue
09:58And it sticks the bones
10:00Back together again
10:02When they've been broken
10:02In fact, why don't we put some glue
10:05On the jaggy ends of our bones
10:07And see if we can stick them together, OK?
10:08So when broken bones start sticking back together
10:20It's calcium that helps make the bone grow hard again
10:24And that means they can grow nice and strong
10:28So they're as good as new
10:29OK
10:30How are you getting on, guys?
10:31I'm going to try and put mine together now
10:33Fantastic!
10:34But for the pieces to stick together
10:39We need the glue to become hard
10:41Which is called setting
10:43And that only happens properly
10:45When the pieces stay perfectly still
10:47And that's the same with broken bones
10:50That's like the cast we touched at the hospital, Nina
10:55Yes, it is, Felix
10:57A cast holds a broken bone perfectly still
11:00While the fracture sets
11:01And we are going to make our very own cast
11:04OK
11:06Take a strip of this wet special material
11:10Great
11:11Now we're going to wrap it tightly around our fracture
11:14This is going to dry really quickly
11:22Setting hard
11:24There!
11:29Our hard cast is helping our pretend bones
11:32To stay still while they're sticking back together
11:34So your question was
11:42How do broken bones get better?
11:43And I think we've answered it
11:45We found out that bones are very hard and strong
11:48Because of something called calcium
11:50We get calcium from foods like
11:52Fruit and vegetables
11:53And cheese and milk
11:54And if a bone breaks
11:56It's called a fracture
11:57And a doctor uses a special x-ray photograph
12:00To see the fracture
12:01And then put a cast around the outside
12:04Of the broken bone
12:06That keeps the bone straight and still
12:08This helps the bone join back together
12:11Which is called setting
12:12And our bodies make a special substance
12:15That's a bit like glue
12:17That helps the bone stick back together
12:19Then calcium makes the bone nice and strong again
12:23As good as new
12:24So I hope that's answered your question
12:26Thanks Nina
12:28Bye
12:29Bye
12:29Bye
12:30If you want to find out more about the science that's all around us
12:38Go to the Nina section on the CBB's website
12:40Have fun
12:41Heart's beating
12:43Heart's beating
12:43Lung's beating
12:44Fingers feeling
12:45Mouth's beating
12:47And don't forget your brain
12:48Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
12:52Inside of ah, ah, ah
12:54Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
12:57Come on let's my ladder back
12:59Our handy hands and bendy knees
13:02Stretchy backs and noises like sneeze
13:04We all have brilliant bodies
13:06Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
13:08Every part has a job to do
13:12Even scabs and earwax too
13:14We all have brilliant bodies
13:17Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
13:22Lashes to protect our eyes
13:25Brilliant bodies, brilliant bodies
13:27And don't forget to exercise
13:30Oh I've had a brilliant day
13:33Especially hearing how hard the bone was
13:36Because of calcium
13:38Ah, it's been such a great, dear man
13:41Seeing the broken bones in the x-ray pictures was amazing
13:45It's been a marvellous day
13:47That cast felt really hard
13:50The bones should stick back together in no time
13:53And remember, everyone's body is different
13:56But they're all brilliant
13:57See you again soon
13:58Bye
13:59Bye
14:00Bye
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