00:09If you've got a question and you don't know where to go, ask Nina for some help, cause
00:13she's got a science show.
00:15She makes sense of her senses while helping all her fans, by doing her experiments with
00:20potions and with bags.
00:21Touch your tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, ears, nose.
00:27Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know, Nina and the neurons find out what
00:32you need to know.
00:33Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch.
00:36Ollie sniffs our smells and sounds and bells she hears so much.
00:39But it's Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste.
00:42They're Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place.
00:45Touch your tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose.
00:51Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:54Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:57Oh, yeah!
01:01Oh, hello.
01:03Oh, I'm having a great day.
01:05I've just finished watching my favourite DVD and munching on some popcorn.
01:09I've watched this film five times now and it still makes me laugh.
01:14Oh, I hear a beep.
01:15I see a flash.
01:16I wonder what they're going to ask.
01:21Hi, Nina!
01:23Hi, guys.
01:23We've got a question for you.
01:25How does a DVD work?
01:27Oh, that's a great question.
01:29How does a DVD work?
01:31I love watching DVDs.
01:32So why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.
01:36See you soon, Nina.
01:37Bye.
01:38Bye.
01:39Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one and I know just who to ask.
01:44OK, neurons, time to get to work.
02:05OK, today's question is how does a DVD work?
02:08Now, which neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
02:11Me!
02:13Me!
02:13Me!
02:13Me!
02:15Will it be Fabulous Felix?
02:18I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
02:21Will it be Beautiful Bell?
02:24I send messages to brain from ear.
02:26If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
02:28Will it be Lovely Look?
02:30For looking and seeing, day or night, I'll help you with your sense of sight.
02:34Will it be... Awesome Ollie?
02:37If it's Pony or Withy, but you can't tell, my messages help your sense of smell.
02:41Or will it be Baby Bud?
02:43Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
02:52It's all neurons.
02:54Don't you hurt? Don't you hurt? Don't you hurt?
03:00Go neurons, go neurons. All neurons, hip-hot, happy to have me now.
03:05Today's question is how does a DVD work?
03:07When we watch a DVD, we use all our senses, sight and hearing to see and listen,
03:13touch and feelings to laugh or cry, and there's often a yummy snack to smell and taste.
03:19So, stand by neurons, I think I'll need help from all of you today.
03:23Right, I need to get the workshop ready before the engineers arrive.
03:37Sometimes films are very low. My favourite films on DVD.
03:43So today, for one day only, Abigail and Eva become the engineers.
03:51Hi, Abigail. Hi, Eva.
03:53Hi, Nina.
03:55Welcome to my workshop, and thanks for your great question, how does a DVD work?
04:00To find out the answer, let's start by using our senses.
04:04Whoop, whoop! A senses experiment. We're ready, Nina.
04:09First, let's have a look and feel of some DVDs. How would you describe them?
04:14It's a round circle.
04:16Yeah, well, they look really simple, but remember, a DVD can hold a whole film.
04:21So let's explore what a film is. Now look at this, guys.
04:26This is what we call a flick book, and it's got a picture on each page, and it's really cool.
04:33Watch this.
04:34Look, the pictures are moving.
04:36That's right, Luke. Did you guys see the pictures moving too?
04:39Yes, Nina.
04:41Have a look at these books.
04:45Each picture is slightly different from the one before and after it, but when we flick
04:50them all together really quickly, whoop, it looks like the pictures are moving.
04:56Films work in the same way. Lots and lots of pictures are shown very quickly on a screen,
05:02and it looks like they're moving.
05:03What about the sounds on films, Nina?
05:06Good question, Belle. Sound is played at the same time to match the pictures as they flick past.
05:14Let's try another experiment.
05:18So your question was, how does a DVD work?
05:21And so far we've found out that films are made up of thousands of pictures played one after the other.
05:28But for DVD players to play films, the pictures have to be broken up into even smaller pieces.
05:35The pictures on a television screen are made up of tiny little squares.
05:41Look at this.
05:43This just looks like a normal picture, but if I zoom in, can you see that it's made of lots
05:50of tiny, tiny squares?
05:52I can see the tiny squares.
05:54Me too.
05:55Excellent.
05:56And I've got another picture that's made of squares over here.
06:01So have a look at this. What do you think it is?
06:04A flower, Nina.
06:05You're absolutely right. It's a flower, and it's just like one picture from our film.
06:11Oh, but we can't put it onto a DVD yet, because we still need to turn the squares in the
06:16picture into a line,
06:18so the DVD player can look at them really quickly.
06:20But how do you turn a picture into a line, Nina?
06:24I have, I'd keep watching.
06:26Watch this.
06:48Keeping the squares in the same order.
06:53Oh, nearly there.
07:00Last row.
07:03Put it on the end over here.
07:07So, what can you see now?
07:10A line of squares, Nina.
07:13Yes, we can just see a row of coloured squares.
07:16But when a DVD player reads a long line like this, it turns it back into pictures so we can
07:22see the film.
07:22But how does the long line fit onto a DVD?
07:27To answer it, we're going to get a bit speedy.
07:32Off we go for another adventure.
07:35Nina said we're getting a bit speedy.
07:37What can that be?
07:39Maybe it's a roller coaster.
07:41No!
07:43I hope not.
07:44Roller coasters make me all messy.
07:47Panic over, Felix.
07:48I don't see a roller coaster, but I do see lots of circles.
07:54So you asked how does a DVD work?
07:57And so far we've discovered that the pictures on a television are made up of tiny squares.
08:02To play a film, a DVD needs thousands of pictures and sound on it.
08:07And these pictures have to be turned into a long line so the DVD can read them quickly and we
08:13can watch the film.
08:13But how does a long line fit on a DVD?
08:16Let's investigate.
08:18Now, what shape is a DVD?
08:21A circle.
08:22A circle, yeah, you're right.
08:23It's a round shape.
08:24So to fit a line onto a DVD, it needs to go around in a spiral shape, just like this.
08:32Ooh.
08:38Oh, oh, I love spirals!
08:46We are going to pretend that this spiral track is like a really big DVD.
08:51Now, guys, can you see the coloured flags are all around?
08:54Well, I want you guys to imagine that each flag is a piece of picture on the spiral line ready
09:01for us to read.
09:02And as we already know, television pictures are made up of squares, so we're going to pretend that this grid
09:09is our television screen.
09:10So, Eva, you are going to be the DVD player.
09:14I'd like you to run around the track and each time you find a coloured flag, which is a piece
09:19of picture, I want you to shout out and tell us the colour.
09:23And, Abigail, you're going to be the television screen.
09:26It's your job to take the information from Eva, the DVD player, and show it as a picture on your
09:32screen.
09:33OK, let's play the DVD.
09:37Three, two, one, go!
09:39Blue!
09:40Blue! Get a blue, get a blue!
09:43Quickly, over here, darling. I'll get it up here.
09:45Yellow!
09:46Find a yellow, go, go, go!
09:49Blue again!
09:51Blue!
09:51Oh, well done, Abigail.
09:53Blue again!
09:54Go, grab a blue.
09:58Blue again!
09:59Excellent work, Abigail.
10:00Yellow!
10:01Yellow!
10:02Yellow! Well done, Eva, you're doing brilliantly!
10:04Yellow!
10:06Oh, yellow!
10:07Oh, oh!
10:08Blue!
10:10Blue!
10:12Blue again!
10:15Blue!
10:16Oh, blue!
10:17Blue!
10:18Oh!
10:19Yellow!
10:21Oh, yellow!
10:23Yellow!
10:25Yellow!
10:28Yellow!
10:31Well done!
10:34Another yellow!
10:36Green!
10:36Green!
10:37Green!
10:38A green!
10:39Yellow!
10:40A yellow!
10:42Green!
10:43Green!
10:47Green!
10:48Green!
10:49A green!
10:51Oh!
10:53Well done, Eva.
10:53Come back over!
10:55Yay!
10:56Yay!
10:56The TV has shown a picture from the DVD!
11:00Well done, DVD player!
11:02Well done, television screen!
11:04Look what you've made together!
11:06It's a picture of a...
11:07Dog!
11:08Yes, it is!
11:10What a great experiment!
11:12Eva, our DVD player, read the picture messages and told them to Abigail, our television screen,
11:19and the TV screen showed the squares of colour in order and made a picture!
11:25Now, a real DVD has lots of pictures on it in an even longer line, and once a DVD player
11:32has read a picture, it moves straight on to the next one really, really quickly.
11:36It can read 24 pictures every second, and that's how we can watch films.
11:43Great work, engineers!
11:46So you asked how does a DVD work, and I think we've answered it.
11:51We discovered that to watch a film, you need thousands of pictures and sound playing really fast.
11:57And we also discovered that pictures on television screens are made up of tiny squares.
12:03DVDs contain lots and lots of square pictures that have been broken up into a long, spirally line.
12:09The DVD player reads the squares very quickly and makes them back into a picture on our TV screens.
12:15And thanks to some very clever engineering, we can enjoy watching our favourite films.
12:19So I hope that's answered your question.
12:21Thanks, Nina!
12:22You're welcome!
12:30We've had a brilliant time learning all about how a DVD works.
12:36If you want to know more about the science and engineering that's all around us, visit the Nina section on
12:42the CVV's website.
12:43Have fun!
13:06You've got to solve a problem, but you don't know how to do it.
13:10It's time to go engineering!
13:15When you want to lift it, stick it, pump it, bend it.
13:20It's time to go engineering!
13:25Go engineering!
13:27Go engineering!
13:29When you need to fly it, make it, shape it.
13:34Go engineering!
13:36Go engineering!
13:38When you want to build, go engineering!
13:42Go engineering!
13:45Ah, it's been such a great day, man!
13:49The flick book was amazing!
13:51I really enjoyed myself today.
13:54Just a shame I couldn't smell Nina's lovely flowers.
13:57I've had a fabby day, especially when they made the big spiral!
14:02And remember, engineers help to build the world around us.
14:06They make things work and use science to solve problems.
14:09See you again soon.
14:10Bye!
14:11Go engineering!
14:12Go engineering!
14:13Nina and you!
14:14Go engineering!
14:15Go engineering!
14:17Go engineering!
14:17Go engineering!
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