00:06If you've got a question and you don't know where to go,
00:09ask Nina for some help, cause she's got a science show.
00:12She makes sense of her senses, while helping all her fans,
00:15by doing her experiments with potions and with bags.
00:18Touch her tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose.
00:24Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:27Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:30Luke, he helps us with her eyes and Felix with our touch.
00:33Ollie sniffs our smells and sends some bells she hears so much.
00:36But it's Ollie's brother, he helps us with our taste.
00:39Send Nina's little neurons and they're coming to your place.
00:42Touch her tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose.
00:48Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:51Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:57Oh, hello. I'm just using my thermometer to measure how hot these beakers are.
01:02I'm trying to find out which of these materials will keep my cup of tea hot.
01:07Because every time I try and have a hot cup of tea...
01:11That happens. I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.
01:20Hi, Nina. Hello.
01:23We've got a question for you.
01:25Why does chocolate melt in our hands?
01:28Oh, what a fantastic question.
01:30Why does chocolate melt in our hands?
01:33So why don't you come down to the lab and we can do some experiments to investigate.
01:37See you soon, Nina.
01:40Bye.
01:41Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one and I know just who to ask.
01:45OK, neurons, time to get to work.
02:04Neurons at the ready, Nina.
02:07OK, today's question is why does chocolate melt in our hands?
02:11Now, which neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
02:15Me! Me! Me! Me!
02:17Will it be...
02:18Fabulous Felix?
02:19I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
02:23Will it be...
02:24Beautiful Belle?
02:25I send messages to Brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
02:29Will it be...
02:30Lovely Luke?
02:31For looking and seeing, day or night, I'll help you with your sense of sight.
02:36Will it be...
02:37Awesome Ollie?
02:38If it's Polly or Whiffy, but you can't tell, my messages help your sense of smell.
02:43Or will it be Baby Bud?
02:45Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
02:52It's Bud and Ollie!
02:56Go Ollie! Go Bud! Go Ollie! Go Bud! Go Ollie! Go Bud! Go Ollie! Go Bud!
03:03Yippee! It's you and me, sis!
03:06Stand by for a taste and smell-a-thon.
03:09Today's question is why does chocolate melt in our hands?
03:12Now, chocolate is something we taste and smell.
03:15So I've chosen Bud and Ollie to help us to work this one out.
03:18Right, I better get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
03:24Bronte likes history, Ruby collects shells and Sakshi loves dressing up.
03:29But they all want to know about melting chocolate.
03:32So today, for one day only, Bronte, Ruby and Sakshi become the experimenters!
03:39Science lab!
03:40Oh, come on in, welcome to my science lab!
03:43Oh, it's lovely to see you all!
03:45Now, your question is, why does chocolate melt in our hands?
03:49So why do you want to know?
03:50When I cook chocolate, it melts in my hands.
03:55And sometimes it comes on my clothes.
03:58And mine.
03:59Oh no, that happens to me too!
04:01So I think we've got some messy investigating ahead of us.
04:05And for our first experiment, we're going to use our senses.
04:08Whoop-whoop!
04:09A senses experiment!
04:11We're ready, Nina!
04:13OK guys, what we're going to do is pick up a piece of this chocolate
04:17and hold it in our hands to see if we can melt it, OK?
04:20But no eating!
04:24And hold it in your hand.
04:28Mmm, chocolate!
04:32So what does the chocolate feel like now?
04:34Gooey.
04:34So the chocolate is changing from being hard to being runny,
04:38almost like a liquid.
04:40Now, when something changes from being a hard solid to a runny liquid,
04:44we say it's melting.
04:46Now, does it still smell like chocolate?
04:49Yes!
04:51Yes!
04:51Yes!
04:52So, melted chocolate still smells and tastes like chocolate.
04:56Hey!
04:57How do we know it still tastes like chocolate?
05:00Oh, well, that's a good point, bud.
05:03I suppose, for scientific research, maybe we should taste the melted chocolate.
05:08Yay!
05:11Mmm!
05:12Oh, it definitely tastes like chocolate.
05:14What do you think, guys?
05:17I'll take that as a yes!
05:19So, we've learnt that melted chocolate is the same as hard chocolate.
05:24It's just runnier.
05:25Oh!
05:26I think we'd better get washed up before the next experiment.
05:29Hehehe!
05:31So, we know that chocolate melts in our hands.
05:34So, what else can you think of that might melt?
05:37Snow and ice lollies.
05:39Ice cubes.
05:41Ice cream.
05:42Yeah!
05:43Oh, now, here's the wrapper from the chocolate earlier.
05:46What do you think that's made of?
05:49Tin.
05:49Tin.
05:50Silver.
05:51Yeah, it's a type of metal.
05:53Really, really thin metal.
05:56Now, you wouldn't be able to melt this in your hand, would you?
05:58No!
05:59No?
06:00And why not?
06:03Metal doesn't melt in your hand.
06:06Ah!
06:07I was hoping you might say that, because I've got something that might surprise you.
06:12So, goggles on and follow me.
06:15What's Nina talking about?
06:17We can't melt metal in our hands.
06:19Ah!
06:20Maybe Nina's got superpowers!
06:24No, Bud, I don't have superpowers, but I do have a very special metal that you guys
06:30won't ever have seen before.
06:32Now, this metal in here is called mercury.
06:35We've got to be very, very careful with mercury because it's bad for us.
06:39And I don't want the glass to break.
06:42Oh!
06:42I've been keeping it really, really cold.
06:44So, let's see what happens when it starts to warm up again.
06:48So, what does the mercury look like right now?
06:50Hard.
06:51Yeah, it's quite hard, isn't it?
06:53Silver.
06:54Yeah, it's a lovely silvery colour.
06:57Look!
06:58It's starting to melt!
07:01Can you see that?
07:02Yeah.
07:02Yeah.
07:03It's like silvery water.
07:05That is way cool!
07:07Mercury's different from most metals because it melts really easily, even at room temperature.
07:13What is temperature, Nina?
07:16Temperature means how hot or cold something is.
07:19So, room temperature means as warm as a room.
07:22And this experiment has shown us that a room is warm enough to melt mercury.
07:27I think we need to take a trip to somewhere really hot.
07:30Oh-ho!
07:31So, let's go, experimenters, and find out more about melting!
07:40Here we go.
07:41I can't wait to see where we'll end up today.
07:44Nina said we're going somewhere hot.
07:47Maybe we're going...
07:47To the seaside!
07:49Get your swimming drugs, Felix!
07:51Hmm.
07:52It doesn't smell like the seaside.
08:00Now, let me just check where we're meant to be.
08:03Excuse me.
08:04Excuse me.
08:06She's not saying very much, is she?
08:08She's a statue, Nina.
08:10Oh!
08:12Oh, so she is.
08:14Silly me.
08:15Now, what do you think she's made of?
08:17Some kind of metal?
08:18That's right.
08:19This statue is made of a type of metal called bronze.
08:23And to make the statue, the bronze is melted.
08:26So, follow me, experimenters.
08:43Although they are both metals, bronze is not like the mercury we saw in my lab.
08:48Now, bronze needs to be very, very, very hot to melt.
08:51So, these bronze bars need to be put into a special sort of oven called a furnace.
08:58Now, it's incredibly hot, so to be safe, we're standing well back.
09:09So, the solid bronze bars have melted in the red-hot furnace and turned into runny liquid bronze.
09:26One, two, three, up!
09:31Why are the men carrying it like that, Nina?
09:35Well, the melted bronze is really, really hot.
09:38So, they're carrying it on those long rods so they won't get burnt.
09:43They're pouring the hot melted bronze into a mould.
09:47A bit like when we make jelly.
09:50The mould is the shape they want the statue to be.
09:53When the bronze cools down, it will become hard again and they'll have a hard bronze statue.
09:59Like our silent friend earlier.
10:01So, we've discovered that some things, like bronze, need to be very, very hot to melt.
10:07But we still don't know why chocolate melts in our hands.
10:10So, I think we need to do one final experiment.
10:13So, come on guys, let's go back to the lab.
10:17So, we know that chocolate melts in our hands, but let's get experimenting to find out why!
10:22Yay!
10:24OK!
10:25So, Bronte, you've got three candles in front of you.
10:28Ruby, you've got three pieces of butter.
10:30And Saxxy, you've got the chocolate.
10:32OK, take one of your experiment items and sit it in the middle of this mat, OK?
10:38Next, we're going to place our second item onto this metal plate.
10:43Now, the metal plate is hotter than room temperature because it's sitting on some hot water.
10:48So, I'm going to be very careful.
10:50Hot water can burn, you know.
10:53And a piece of chocolate.
10:55And a candle.
10:57Great.
10:59And finally, can you please pick up your last item, hold it in your hand, and we're going to see
11:05if we can melt it.
11:07Let's have a look and see what's happening on the metal plate.
11:10I'll use Neenacam.
11:13Oh, it's all runny now.
11:15So, the metal plate was hot enough to melt everything.
11:20And how are your hands doing?
11:22Oh!
11:24It's getting a bit messy.
11:26How's your candle doing, Bronte?
11:28Hard.
11:29So, the heat from your hands was warm enough to melt the butter and the chocolate, but not a candle.
11:36OK, now what's happening on the mat?
11:37My butter's melting.
11:39Oh, it's getting all gooey around the bottom.
11:42But the chocolate and the candle are still hard.
11:46So, room temperature is only warm enough to melt the butter.
11:49Your hands are warm enough to melt butter and chocolate, but the plate over the hot water is hot enough
11:57to melt all three.
12:01So, your question was, why does chocolate melt in our hands?
12:05And I think we've answered it.
12:07We discovered that when things melt, they change from a hard solid to a runny liquid.
12:12And most things melt even hard metals like bronze, but different things melt at different temperatures.
12:20Some things melt at room temperature like this butter, but other things like this chocolate need more heat to melt.
12:28And our hands are warmer than the room, and they're warm enough to melt chocolate.
12:32So, I hope that's answered your question.
12:35Thanks, Nina. Bye!
12:37Bye!
12:39Bye!
12:44Why I'm trying?
12:44If you want to know more about the science that's all around us, go to the Nina section on the
12:48CBeebies website.
12:49Have fun!
12:54Lab coat on, Nina
12:55Lab coat on, Ollie
12:57Safety gloves on, Nina
12:59Safety gloves on, Felix
13:01I'm going to get your goggles, Nina
13:03Goggles are on, Luke
13:05I think we're ready
13:08We do experiments in the lab
13:11In the lab
13:12In the lab
13:14Bubbling experiments in the lab
13:17In the lab
13:18Go, Nina
13:18In the lab
13:20We say we're popping steam and smoke
13:23We need protection, don't we, folks
13:26We always put our safety first
13:30Shoo-bee-doo-bee-doo-bee-doo-bee
13:32We do experiments in the lab
13:35In the lab
13:36Go, Nina
13:36It's been a marvellous day
13:39The melted chocolate felt all gooey and sticky
13:43I've had a fabby day
13:45The chocolate tasted just as yummy melted
13:48Oh, I've had a brilliant day
13:51Hearing all about how statues are made by melting metal
13:55I really enjoyed myself today
13:57The butter melted really quickly
14:00And smelled delicious
14:02Our day's been bursting with sensational experiments
14:05I hope you've enjoyed it
14:06See you soon
14:07Bye
14:08Bye
14:09Bye
14:09Bye
14:10Bye
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