- 1 day ago
The inline-four has many qualities that made it the performance engine format of choice for decades. Ride with Kevin and Mark as they talk about the origins of the inline-four and how we have explored many other engine formats and firing orders/timings, and possibly a few side stories about other things!
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SportsTranscript
00:00Hey, welcome back to the Cycle World Podcast. I'm Mark Hoyer, Editor-in-Chief. I'm with Kevin Cameron.
00:06Our technical editor, today's topic is how motorcycling arrived at four cylinders.
00:10Now, we're going to ignore that we're doing a lot of twins again, but we had an unrelenting drive to
00:16four cylinders, and we want to understand why.
00:19And obviously, Kevin's been thinking about this and has written some things down that we're going to talk about.
00:27Well, it's a curiosity, because during the last few years before World War I, when the internal combustion engine took
00:45to the air in a big way,
00:51it was decided in various ways that four valves per cylinder were correct.
00:57The 1912 French Grand Prix, or properly the Grand Prix of the Auto Club of France, the ACF,
01:08there had been inklings before this that small engines in light cars could be almost a threat to the giant
01:19racers of the previous era,
01:21which were, it was routine for racing cars to have four cylinders and 15 liters of displacement,
01:30which is like 900 cubic inches.
01:34And so those were gigantic things.
01:38But there was a coming push toward smaller and lighter cars, and in 1912, it happened.
01:46The Peugeot, which had been conceived and drawn by three racing drivers and a gifted driver,
01:58draftsman, Ernest Henry, a new synthesis of old elements.
02:08Every element in the design of this car had been seen lots of times before.
02:13Double overhead cams, so various people had done it, been there, done that.
02:21Compact combustion chamber had been talked about as early as 1888.
02:28But all the time in between, there were so many successful side valve engines that it didn't, overhead, underhead, where's
02:40the difference?
02:41And suddenly, here was this combination.
02:46Four valves, double overhead cams.
02:50The valves tilted apart in a compact combustion chamber that did not have any anti-rooms or porches sticking out
03:00of the side with valves operating in them.
03:03And this was the modern four-valve engine.
03:09And yet, when Carlo Giannini and Piero Remor in 1923, both recent engineer graduates,
03:23decided to build a four-cylinder motorcycle engine,
03:27they gave it two valves set at the very wide angle of 96 degrees.
03:35And that persisted in Italian practice into the 1950s.
03:43And even beyond that, when everyone else was narrowing the valve angle,
03:51making the chamber smaller and less featured,
03:58I was curious, where did this come from?
04:03So then I'm reading in volume one of the Grand Prix car by Pomeroy,
04:12one of the great classic volumes on the history of the racing car,
04:18that in the early 1920s,
04:23Guido Fornaca and his team of Superman engineers,
04:28every one of these people went on to have a great career in his own name.
04:35But there they were, the six of them at Fiat.
04:40And the engine they came up with had two valves.
04:44The company was going Grand Prix racing,
04:46was time to show the others who was boss.
04:49And Fornaca's team gave this engine two valves instead of four
05:01and sat at the quite wide angle of 96 degrees.
05:08And the engine had initially...
05:16Well, what was happening was that Fiat started out with six cylinders.
05:23And the question was, is there a relationship here?
05:29And I definitely believe there was.
05:31I believe there definitely was.
05:33That those young engineer students had lately been in the classroom
05:39learning the latest hot stuff on IC engines.
05:43And that was the new Fiat Grand Prix engines,
05:47which had this two-valve combustion chamber.
05:54So then I thought, well, why would they go back to two valves
06:02when four valves had been so thoroughly proven through World War I
06:07and before that, 1912,
06:09when the second French Grand Prix of any size...
06:13I think the French huffed off after 1912
06:19because of some peculiarities.
06:20But in 1914, nearly every car on the starting grid
06:26was closely related to that 1912 Peugeot
06:32designed by the people
06:36often denigrated as the charlatans
06:40because they didn't have engineering degrees.
06:45With all that momentum behind the four valve,
06:49why suddenly go back to two?
06:52Well, the hand-waving argument said,
06:55well, engines were turning to more cylinders.
07:02Well, why was this?
07:05So one of the things we have to take into account here
07:09is what was learned through World War I.
07:16Before World War I,
07:18nearly every IC engine had cast iron pistons.
07:22They weren't terribly heavy
07:24because the technique for casting iron
07:28had been quite refined,
07:30and these cast pistons were thought to be
07:35the only way to go.
07:38Today, we regard aluminum pistons
07:41as the only way to go.
07:46How does this come about?
07:49No one was going to use aluminum pistons
07:52because of their low melting point,
07:54620 centigrade.
07:57Obviously, if iron pistons got so hot
08:01that they were sagging in the center,
08:05there were engines in World War I aircraft
08:08that had struts coming down
08:11from the center of the piston dome
08:13to be supported through a slot
08:18in the small end of the connecting rod
08:20by the wrist pin
08:21to prevent dome sagging
08:23because it was so common.
08:26No person knowing that that's what happened
08:29would put low melting point aluminum
08:31in a piston, except that,
08:35as we've said before on this forum,
08:40that W.O. Bentley,
08:43who was importing a little French car
08:46called the DFP,
08:48had decided,
08:49after seeing a toy piston
08:52on a DFP executive's desk,
08:55decided to make some pistons
08:57for the car he was importing
08:59out of aluminum.
09:03And not only did they work perfectly well,
09:07perfectly well,
09:08they didn't melt,
09:09the domes didn't sag.
09:11Why not?
09:13Because aluminum conducts heat
09:16so much better
09:18than iron-based materials
09:20that it gets rid of the heat
09:23before it can rise
09:26to a sufficient temperature
09:27to melt
09:28or even to sag.
09:32So...
09:33Not that we can't find...
09:34Not that we can't find ways
09:36of doing that
09:37in our two stripes.
09:38Oh, absolutely.
09:39I remember running my fingers
09:42over a piston
09:42that I had just taken
09:43out of a TZ750
09:45and thinking,
09:46what's that flat place?
09:49And then I looked
09:51at a brand-new piston
09:52out of the box.
09:54Oh,
09:56the center is sinking.
09:58That was
09:59bad gasoline
10:01coming in
10:02in 1977,
10:06provoking knock,
10:07which increases
10:09heat transfer
10:10to metal surfaces
10:11in combustion
10:11causing this problem.
10:14But what happened was
10:16W.O. Bentley
10:17produced the Bentley Rotary,
10:19which had aluminum pistons,
10:21and they worked.
10:23And everyone kind of went,
10:25well, if that's true,
10:28maybe I could do it.
10:30And aluminum pistons
10:31became the thing.
10:32So,
10:33aluminum pistons
10:34were lighter
10:35than cast-iron pistons.
10:37That meant that
10:38the connecting rod
10:39could be lighter,
10:40that the bearings
10:41were less loaded
10:42and so produced
10:43less friction.
10:45bottom line,
10:48things that had been
10:49holding back
10:50the development
10:50of RPM
10:51previously
10:53had been changed.
10:55Now it's possible
10:56to go ahead
10:57and let the engines
10:59rev up a bit.
11:00Well,
11:02other things
11:03that had come
11:04from
11:05World War I
11:06were improved metals,
11:08metal alloys.
11:08Metallurgy
11:09had
11:10leaped forward
11:11because
11:12by presenting
11:13severe problems
11:15to engineers,
11:17the engineers
11:19got to work
11:19and came up
11:20with solutions
11:21because who was paying?
11:23National governments,
11:25the big race team
11:26in the sky.
11:27So,
11:30when
11:31Fiat
11:32built their
11:34six-cylinder
11:36Grand Prix
11:37car engine,
11:38they had
11:39all of this
11:40wealth
11:42of innovation
11:43to apply
11:45and they ended up
11:46with engines
11:47that were turning
11:48basically twice
11:49as high
11:50as those
11:51of the charlatans,
11:53the three racing drivers
11:54and their
11:55engineer draftsmen.
11:59So,
12:00this was the model
12:01I would contend
12:03for
12:04Giannini
12:05and Remore
12:06when they designed
12:08their four-cylinder engine.
12:09Now,
12:10there had been
12:11four-cylinder engines
12:12before
12:13and
12:14Fabrique Nationale
12:16FN
12:16in Belgium
12:17and arms
12:18manufacturer
12:19also produced
12:20lots of other stuff.
12:21so
12:25their
12:26four-cylinder
12:26motorcycle
12:27had the
12:29crankshaft
12:29fore and aft
12:30so the wheelbase
12:31was relatively
12:33long.
12:35And
12:36the reason
12:37they had
12:37chosen
12:38four-cylinders
12:39was because
12:41four-cylinders
12:43are so much
12:43smoother
12:44than one.
12:45Nearly
12:46all motorcycles
12:47at the time
12:48that the FN
12:49entered production
12:51in 1905
12:52had one
12:53cylinder
12:53and so
12:54it would
12:54persist
12:55for many
12:55years.
12:57Four-cylinder
12:58motorcycles
12:59were gentlemanly
13:00but if you
13:01rode them
13:02in cities
13:02on wet
13:03days
13:04with the
13:05streets
13:05covered
13:06as they
13:06were
13:07with
13:07horse
13:08droppings
13:09and you
13:10got the
13:11back end
13:11sliding
13:12a little
13:13bit
13:14that
13:15great
13:15long
13:15thing
13:15was hard
13:16to
13:16stop.
13:17So
13:18nobody
13:18was going
13:19to build
13:20nobody
13:21at that
13:21time
13:22was going
13:22to build
13:22a motorcycle
13:23with a
13:24longitudinal
13:25crankshaft.
13:27Giannini
13:27and Remore
13:28located their
13:29engine
13:31transversely
13:32and because
13:33the engine
13:34was air
13:35cooled
13:36all cylinders
13:37were presented
13:39to the
13:39oncoming
13:40air
13:41more or
13:42less equally
13:43so it
13:44could cool
13:45itself
13:45whereas
13:47when the
13:47cylinders
13:48are
13:50in line
13:51the
13:52number
13:52one
13:52cylinder
13:53is
13:53cooled
13:53the
13:53number
13:54two
13:54cylinder
13:54is
13:55heated
13:55and
13:56it
13:56gets
13:56worse
13:57the
13:57farther
13:57back
13:57you
13:58go.
14:00Why
14:00were
14:00those
14:01bikes
14:01built
14:01that
14:01way?
14:02Because
14:02they
14:02didn't
14:03make
14:03much
14:03power
14:04and
14:04people
14:04couldn't
14:05go
14:05very
14:05fast.
14:06so
14:06it
14:07was
14:08okay
14:09for the
14:09time.
14:11So
14:14another
14:15thing
14:15that
14:15had
14:15happened
14:16was
14:17that
14:18earlier
14:19back in
14:20the days
14:21of the
14:21giant
14:21racers
14:22and when
14:23I spoke
14:25before
14:25of 16
14:26liter
14:27racers
14:27you've
14:29all
14:29probably
14:30seen
14:30videos
14:31of
14:31the
14:32Beast
14:32of
14:32Turin
14:33which
14:34was
14:34a
14:34Fiat
14:35record
14:36setting
14:36car
14:37into
14:38which
14:39they
14:39had
14:39put
14:39a
14:401700
14:40cubic
14:41inch
14:42Zeppelin
14:43engine
14:45and
14:46it
14:47was a
14:47gigantic
14:48four
14:48cylinder
14:48and it
14:49had
14:49pistons
14:49like
14:50pails
14:52and
14:53it
14:54fired
14:55into
14:56the
14:56atmosphere
14:56through
14:57short
14:57exhaust
14:58stubs
14:58so
14:59that
15:00lovely
15:01flames
15:01shot
15:02out
15:02of
15:02the
15:02left
15:03side
15:03of
15:03the
15:03car
15:03it
15:04was
15:04quite
15:05a
15:05show
15:07Google
15:07Beast
15:08of
15:09Turin
15:09if you
15:10haven't
15:10seen
15:10these
15:11videos
15:11they're
15:12rewarding
15:12they
15:13show
15:13the
15:14elemental
15:15appeal
15:16of
15:17the
15:17internal
15:18combustion
15:18engine
15:20which
15:20is
15:20something
15:21to
15:21think
15:21of
15:22in
15:22a
15:22world
15:22in
15:23which
15:23people
15:23are
15:23kind
15:24of
15:24going
15:24hmm
15:25about
15:26cars
15:27that
15:27go
15:27hmm
15:28hum
15:30instead
15:31of
15:31smoking
15:32off
15:32the
15:32opposition
15:33in
15:34an
15:34electric
15:34you
15:35hum
15:35them
15:36off
15:36well
15:40what
15:41had
15:41happened
15:42was
15:43that
15:43people
15:44like
15:44Mark
15:45Burkett
15:45who
15:46designed
15:46the
15:48Hispano
15:49Suiza
15:50V8
15:51aircraft
15:51engine
15:52for
15:52World
15:53War
15:53I
15:53and
15:54Ettore
15:55Bugatti
15:56who
15:57lived
15:58in
15:58France
15:59with
15:59his
15:59Italian
16:00name
16:00both
16:02of
16:02these
16:03and
16:03some
16:04others
16:04had
16:05built
16:05small
16:06four
16:07cylinder
16:07engines
16:07for a
16:08special
16:09racing
16:09class
16:10that
16:10had
16:11existed
16:13in
16:14the
16:14mid
16:15to
16:16late
16:16teens
16:16early
16:18days
16:181908
16:19and so
16:20forth
16:22and
16:23for
16:24a
16:24class
16:25called
16:25voiture
16:27coupe
16:29de
16:29voiture
16:30meaning
16:30the
16:31minicar
16:32cup
16:34and
16:35these
16:36cars
16:36were
16:37typically
16:38single
16:39cylinder
16:40jobs
16:40to begin
16:41with
16:41and
16:42only
16:43later
16:43when the
16:44rules
16:44were
16:44constantly
16:45being
16:45poked
16:46and pinched
16:47in
16:47hope
16:48of
16:48drawing
16:49a
16:49larger
16:49field
16:50of
16:50competitors
16:50did
16:51advantages
16:52move
16:52to
16:53the
16:53four
16:53cylinder
16:53rather
16:54than
16:54the
16:54single
16:55cylinder
16:55there
16:56were
16:56some
16:56brilliant
16:57innovations
16:58in this
16:59class
16:59this
17:00is
17:00it
17:00was
17:01a
17:01wonderful
17:01sort
17:02of
17:02semi
17:03home
17:03built
17:03class
17:04some
17:05of
17:05those
17:06single
17:07cylinder
17:07engines
17:08had
17:1210
17:12inch
17:13strokes
17:14they
17:15were
17:15typically
17:16in the
17:17range
17:17of
17:171300
17:18cc's
17:19and
17:20they
17:20were
17:20making
17:2135
17:21or
17:2240
17:22horsepower
17:23and
17:23they
17:23were
17:24on
17:24occasion
17:26surprisingly
17:27fast
17:27in
17:29comparison
17:30with
17:30the
17:31beasts
17:31the
17:3310
17:3412
17:35and
17:3516
17:36liter
17:36monsters
17:39and
17:39so
17:40there
17:40was
17:40interest
17:41in
17:41this
17:41class
17:42because
17:42how
17:43can
17:43they
17:43go
17:44that
17:44fast
17:44with
17:45such
17:45tiny
17:45engines
17:48well
17:48of course
17:49the
17:49problem
17:49is
17:51in
17:52dynamic
17:52systems
17:54you
17:55find
17:55that
17:56there
17:56is
17:56a
17:56cascade
17:56effect
17:57that
17:57can
17:58work
17:58either
17:59way
18:01in
18:01when
18:03you
18:03introduce
18:04aluminum
18:04pistons
18:05which are
18:05lighter
18:05and then
18:06you can
18:06use a
18:06lighter
18:07rod
18:07smaller
18:08bearings
18:08etc
18:10that's
18:10working
18:11for you
18:11but in
18:12those
18:12giant
18:13racers
18:13the
18:14huge
18:15engine
18:15required
18:16a
18:16huge
18:16car
18:17with
18:18a
18:18heavy
18:18frame
18:19made
18:19out
18:19of
18:20pressed
18:20thick
18:22quite
18:23thick
18:23sheet
18:23metal
18:24everything
18:25heavy
18:25so
18:27the
18:28light
18:28car
18:28with
18:29much
18:30less
18:30power
18:31and
18:32very
18:34likely
18:34better
18:34road
18:35holding
18:35has
18:38competitive
18:39looking
18:40speed
18:41or
18:41look
18:41like
18:41it
18:42might
18:42soon
18:42be
18:43that
18:43way
18:43so
18:44what
18:45was
18:45happening
18:47during
18:48the
18:49first
18:49world
18:50war
18:50the
18:51US
18:53air
18:55fighting
18:56folks
18:56wanted
18:58a
18:58400
18:58horsepower
18:59aircraft
19:00engine
19:00none
19:01existed
19:02yet
19:02they're
19:03searching
19:04far
19:04and
19:05wide
19:05for
19:06this
19:06400
19:07horsepower
19:08engine
19:08and
19:09eventually
19:11it was
19:12built
19:12in the
19:13US
19:13it was
19:14called
19:14the
19:14Liberty
19:16two
19:16men
19:17designed
19:18it
19:18in a
19:18in a
19:19DC
19:20hotel
19:20room
19:21in
19:22under
19:22a
19:22week
19:24and
19:25meanwhile
19:26these other
19:27fellows
19:27had found
19:28that
19:28Bugatti
19:29in
19:29France
19:30had
19:30said
19:31to
19:31himself
19:31why
19:33these
19:33little
19:341300
19:35CC
19:35jobs
19:36what
19:37what
19:37I
19:37put
19:37two
19:38of
19:38these
19:38four
19:39cylinder
19:39models
19:40together
19:41end
19:41to
19:42end
19:42and
19:42make
19:43a
19:43straight
19:43eight
19:45hmm
19:45that's
19:46working
19:46all right
19:48how
19:49about
19:49if
19:49we
19:49put
19:50two
19:50straight
19:51eight
19:51side
19:51by
19:52side
19:52geared
19:53to
19:54a
19:54single
19:54propeller
19:56well
19:56it
19:56turned
19:57out
19:57to
19:57work
19:58fairly
19:59well
20:00and
20:00the
20:00Americans
20:01were
20:01interested
20:02they
20:03bought
20:03the
20:03drawings
20:04and
20:04brought
20:04them
20:04to
20:05the
20:05US
20:05where
20:05hard
20:06working
20:06no doubt
20:08graduate
20:08students
20:09converted
20:09all those
20:10metrics
20:10into
20:1117
20:1232nds
20:13and
20:13US
20:14dimensions
20:14and
20:16the
20:16British
20:16would
20:17have
20:17done
20:1729
20:1864th
20:19yes
20:20absolutely
20:21so
20:23this
20:24idea
20:24of a
20:25straight
20:25eight
20:28caught
20:29on
20:31Duesenberg
20:31did
20:32straight
20:32eight
20:32soon
20:34everybody
20:35was
20:35doing
20:36straight
20:36eight
20:36beginning
20:37in the
20:381920s
20:39after
20:39World War
20:40I
20:40ended
20:41in
20:41November
20:42of
20:421918
20:43and
20:46straight
20:47eight
20:48showed
20:48that
20:50there
20:50was
20:50value
20:51in
20:52having
20:52if
20:53you
20:54wanted
20:54more
20:54power
20:55in
20:55the
20:55old
20:55days
20:56you
20:56made
20:56the
20:58cylinders
20:58enormous
20:59pistons
21:00like
21:01pails
21:01but
21:02in
21:02this
21:03new
21:03world
21:05rev
21:06the
21:06engine
21:07up
21:08reduce
21:09the
21:09stress
21:09by
21:10giving
21:10it
21:10lots
21:11of
21:11little
21:11pistons
21:12and
21:13you
21:13have
21:14something
21:14the
21:15straight
21:15eight
21:16engine
21:17well
21:18the
21:1920s
21:19were
21:19the
21:19decade
21:20of
21:21the
21:21straight
21:21eight
21:22and
21:23the
21:23idea
21:23of
21:24cylinder
21:24multiplication
21:26was
21:27powerful
21:27so
21:28this
21:29was
21:29an
21:29influence
21:30on
21:31for
21:32Naka's
21:33team
21:33of
21:33six
21:34brilliant
21:34young
21:34engineers
21:35and
21:37it
21:37was
21:37also
21:37an
21:37influence
21:38I
21:39would
21:39think
21:39I
21:40would
21:40contend
21:41on
21:42Giannini
21:43and
21:43Remore
21:44who
21:45are
21:45struggling
21:46to
21:47fund
21:48their
21:48little
21:48project
21:49and
21:51in
21:51in
21:52the
21:52notes
21:53for this
21:54podcast
21:55I wrote
21:56that they
21:56talked
21:57themselves
21:58hoarse
21:59trying
22:00to
22:00interest
22:01backers
22:03in the
22:03project
22:04which
22:05was
22:05a
22:06four
22:07little
22:07cylinders
22:08turning
22:09higher
22:10revs
22:10than
22:11were
22:11possible
22:11for a
22:12500
22:12single
22:14and
22:15making
22:16an
22:17encouraging
22:1735
22:1836
22:19horsepower
22:21well
22:22they
22:23went
22:23through
22:23some
22:24some
22:25noble
22:27backers
22:27who
22:28were
22:29counts
22:29and what
22:30have you
22:30who
22:30frankly
22:32didn't
22:32have
22:32enough
22:33to do
22:34imagine
22:35if
22:35you
22:35were
22:36not
22:37a
22:37crowned
22:38head
22:38of
22:38Europe
22:38but
22:40almost
22:41and
22:42you
22:42had
22:42this
22:42family
22:43money
22:43and
22:43you
22:44had
22:45people
22:45putting
22:46your
22:46clothes
22:46on
22:47every
22:47day
22:50maybe
22:50I'll
22:51back
22:51this
22:51four
22:52cylinder
22:52job
22:52over
22:53here
22:53that
22:53seems
22:54like
22:54I
22:54could
22:54check
22:55in
22:55every
22:55day
22:55or
22:56two
22:56and
22:56see
22:56how
22:56those
22:57boys
22:57are
22:57doing
22:58well
22:59eventually
22:59they
22:59met
23:00Piero
23:01Taruffi
23:02author
23:03of
23:03the
23:04technique
23:04of
23:05motor
23:05racing
23:05a
23:06little
23:06little
23:07red
23:07book
23:09that
23:09talks
23:10about
23:10racing
23:11line
23:11getting
23:12your
23:13mind
23:13right
23:14all
23:15these
23:15things
23:15I have
23:16a copy
23:17in a
23:17bookcase
23:18behind me
23:18here
23:21Taruffi
23:22knew
23:22everyone
23:23he was
23:24an
23:24engineer
23:25driver
23:27and it
23:28wasn't
23:28long
23:28before
23:30the
23:31two
23:31lads
23:32and
23:32their
23:32project
23:33were
23:34introduced
23:34to
23:35Jalera
23:38Jalera
23:39and
23:40Jalera
23:41didn't
23:41get to
23:42be a
23:42captain
23:42of
23:43industry
23:43by
23:43embracing
23:48crazy
23:48ideas
23:49so he
23:50said
23:50you
23:51fellas
23:51show me
23:52something
23:52and then
23:53we'll
23:53talk
23:53and so
23:56they had
23:57to make
23:57their
23:57engine
23:58actually
23:59perform
23:59and
24:00when it
24:01did
24:02Jalera
24:03said
24:04you're
24:04on
24:05with
24:06Jalera
24:06money
24:07the
24:08result
24:09was
24:09a
24:10supercharged
24:11liquid
24:12cooled
24:12transverse
24:14four
24:15cylinder
24:15Grand
24:16Prix
24:17racer
24:17500
24:18cc
24:19which
24:20became
24:21champion
24:22of Europe
24:22in 1939
24:26and
24:28then
24:29when
24:29the
24:31second
24:31world
24:32war
24:32ended
24:34in
24:35Europe
24:35in
24:36May
24:36of
24:3645
24:39people
24:40began
24:40to think
24:41of
24:41racing
24:41again
24:43rather
24:43than
24:44surviving
24:45or
24:46finding
24:47something
24:47to
24:47eat
24:51so
24:54what
24:55happens
24:56next
24:56is
24:57that
24:57remor
24:58is
25:00put
25:00to the
25:01task
25:01of
25:02building
25:02a
25:02bike
25:03for
25:03the
25:03likely
25:05post
25:06war
25:06500
25:06class
25:07and
25:07in
25:081949
25:08it
25:09was
25:09determined
25:09that
25:10these
25:11would
25:11be
25:12unsupercharged
25:13because
25:14unlike
25:15the
25:16FIA
25:17the
25:17International
25:18Auto
25:19Federation
25:19who
25:21carried
25:22forward
25:23the
25:23supercharged
25:24regulation
25:25and ended
25:25up with
25:26only one
25:26competitor
25:27by 1950
25:28because
25:30supercharged
25:30engines
25:31sneeze
25:33and they're
25:34gone
25:34nobody
25:36wanted to
25:37pay those
25:37bills
25:37the FIM
25:39the
25:39Motorcycle
25:40Federation
25:40said
25:41no
25:41supercharging
25:42so
25:43remor
25:44gets
25:45busy
25:45he
25:46builds
25:46a
25:47an
25:47air
25:48cooled
25:48transverse
25:49uh
25:51DOHC
25:52with two
25:53valves
25:53widely
25:54splayed
25:55apart
25:55at
25:5696
25:58degrees
25:58which
26:00is
26:01a number
26:01chosen
26:02by
26:02for
26:02NACA's
26:03legion
26:04of
26:04young
26:06engineering
26:06stars
26:07and
26:08those
26:09engines
26:10were
26:11joined
26:12in
26:121950
26:13by
26:15the
26:15MV
26:15500
26:16transverse
26:174
26:17also
26:18designed
26:19by
26:19remor
26:19who
26:21was
26:21hired
26:21by
26:21count
26:22Augusta
26:24to
26:25design
26:26a
26:26500
26:27and
26:27a
26:28125
26:28single
26:29504
26:30and a
26:31125
26:31single
26:32so
26:32the
26:33MV
26:33was
26:33a
26:34uh
26:36504
26:38air
26:38cooled
26:38two
26:40valves
26:40uh
26:41making
26:4240
26:43something
26:44horsepower
26:44at
26:459500
26:47rpm
26:48and
26:49after
26:52getting
26:52soundly
26:53trounced
26:53by
26:54Norton
26:54mainly
26:55by their
26:56featherbed
26:57frame
26:57in
26:581951
26:59which
27:01was
27:01Norton's
27:02last
27:02um
27:04500
27:05cc
27:06world
27:06championship
27:07the
27:09chalera
27:10ruled
27:11supreme
27:11until
27:121956
27:13when
27:13John
27:14Sertiz
27:15took the
27:15championship
27:16on
27:16the
27:17MV
27:17and
27:19those
27:20motorcycles
27:21were
27:24lauded
27:26to the
27:26point of
27:27boredom
27:27by the
27:28British
27:29press
27:29as
27:30being
27:30the
27:31how
27:32does
27:33it
27:33go
27:33Italian
27:34the
27:35all
27:36conquering
27:37Italian
27:38fire
27:39engines
27:40blood
27:42red
27:42making
27:44a
27:44scream
27:45like
27:45you've
27:46never
27:46heard
27:47before
27:47well
27:49poetry
27:50aside
27:50um
27:52these
27:53motorcycles
27:53were the
27:54model
27:56for
27:57uh
27:58cylinder
27:59multiplication
28:00and
28:01when
28:02Honda
28:02decided
28:03you know
28:04what
28:04let's
28:05uh
28:05let's
28:06win
28:0710 or
28:0815
28:08world
28:08championships
28:09and see
28:09what that
28:10does
28:10to
28:10sales
28:11how
28:11about
28:11it
28:11boys
28:12you
28:12ready
28:12uh
28:131959
28:14they're
28:15250
28:16it was
28:17a
28:17transverse
28:18four
28:19cylinder
28:19but
28:21Honda
28:22brought
28:24RPM
28:25to a
28:26new
28:26high
28:27the
28:28MV
28:29and
28:30the
28:30Jalera
28:30were
28:31sort
28:32of
28:32stuck
28:32at
28:3310,000
28:3410,500
28:35RPM
28:36uh
28:37oh
28:38wait
28:38I can't
28:41can't
28:41turn up
28:42any
28:42higher
28:43revs
28:43Honda
28:44could
28:45because
28:46he just
28:46said
28:46to his
28:48people
28:48do it
28:50and
28:51of course
28:52who
28:53was
28:53paying
28:55not
28:55the
28:56big
28:56daddy
28:56in the
28:56sky
28:57the
28:57air
28:58service
28:59but
29:01all
29:02the
29:02millions
29:02of
29:02people
29:03who
29:03bought
29:03uh
29:04c
29:05100
29:0650
29:07cc
29:07step
29:08through
29:08motorcycles
29:09which
29:10went on
29:11sale
29:11in
29:111958
29:13that
29:14was
29:14the
29:14bill
29:15payer
29:16so
29:17Honda
29:18got
29:18busy
29:18um
29:19with
29:20that
29:20four
29:21oh
29:21the
29:22engine
29:22is
29:23is
29:23is
29:23bending
29:25because
29:25the
29:26the
29:26two
29:27twin
29:27cylinder
29:28crankshaft
29:28of which
29:29a four
29:29cylinder
29:30crank
29:30is made
29:31we're
29:32doing
29:32this
29:32motion
29:33which
29:33is
29:33sort
29:33of
29:34like
29:35trying
29:36to
29:36fatigue
29:36a
29:37bar
29:37in
29:38the
29:38middle
29:38by
29:40terrible
29:40contortions
29:41what
29:43this
29:43did
29:43was
29:43it
29:44caused
29:44the
29:45bottom
29:46of the
29:46cylinder
29:47block
29:47and the
29:48top
29:48of the
29:49crank
29:50case
29:51to
29:52flex
29:52this
29:53way
29:53which
29:53rubbed
29:54the
29:54gasket
29:54into
29:56little
29:56balls
29:57and
29:58caused
29:58leakage
29:59so
29:59they
30:00just
30:00said
30:00you
30:01fellas
30:01figure
30:01out
30:02how
30:02to
30:02make
30:02the
30:03upper
30:03crank
30:04case
30:04and
30:04the
30:04cylinder
30:05block
30:05in
30:05one
30:05piece
30:06that'll
30:06put a
30:06stop
30:07to all
30:07that
30:07wriggling
30:08and
30:08writhing
30:09and
30:10it
30:10did
30:10and
30:11later
30:12when
30:12Honda
30:13were
30:13producing
30:14the
30:14hurricane
30:14which
30:15was
30:17one
30:18of the
30:18first
30:20beacons
30:21that
30:21showed
30:22what
30:23supersport
30:24was about
30:25to become
30:27they cast
30:29the cylinder
30:29block
30:29and the
30:30upper
30:30crank
30:30case
30:31in
30:32one
30:32piece
30:36and
30:38oil
30:38and
30:41the
30:42engine
30:42was
30:42in
30:421982
30:43and
30:43he
30:44told
30:44me
30:44that
30:44when
30:45they
30:45tried
30:45to
30:45race
30:46the
30:46Z1
30:47based
30:47super
30:47bikes
30:48that he
30:48built
30:50that the
30:51base
30:51gasket
30:51separate
30:52cylinder
30:53block
30:53and
30:55the
30:55crank
30:55case
30:56below
30:56it
30:57that it
30:58rubbed
30:58the
30:59cylinder
30:59base
31:00gasket
31:00into
31:00little
31:01balls
31:01and
31:02oil
31:02leaked
31:02out
31:03lots
31:04of it
31:05we
31:06can't
31:06have
31:06this
31:08flags
31:09that are
31:10black
31:10are flags
31:11we don't
31:11want to
31:12see
31:12so
31:14they made
31:15their base
31:15gaskets out
31:16of solid
31:16copper
31:20probably
31:20roofing
31:21they were
31:22lasting
31:22long enough
31:23probably
31:24yeah
31:24and
31:26that put
31:26a stop
31:27to that
31:29writhing
31:29of the
31:30crank
31:30case
31:30now
31:32why not
31:33just let
31:34her rip
31:35NSU
31:37unwittingly
31:39did just
31:40that
31:40in 1953
31:41the
31:43motorcycle
31:44federation
31:45decided
31:45all right
31:46you Germans
31:47you've been
31:48bad
31:48but now
31:49we're welcoming
31:50you back
31:51into the
31:51community
31:52of man
31:52and you
31:54can race
31:54in our
31:54series
31:55and
31:58they
31:59decided
32:01to build
32:02a
32:02500
32:03CC4
32:04because
32:05their
32:05chief
32:06engineer
32:06I think
32:07Albert
32:07Roeder
32:09had been
32:09on a trip
32:10to Italy
32:10and on
32:11his way
32:11back
32:11he'd
32:12stopped
32:12in to
32:13watch
32:13the
32:13Swiss
32:13Grand Prix
32:14and he
32:15saw
32:15the
32:15Jalera
32:16we got
32:17to have
32:18ourselves
32:18one of
32:18those
32:19that
32:19is
32:19cool
32:20that
32:21is
32:21where
32:22it's
32:22going
32:24where's
32:24NSU
32:25today
32:25well
32:27they
32:28built
32:28this
32:29engine
32:29and
32:29they
32:29decided
32:31look
32:32at all
32:32the
32:32wartime
32:33engines
32:33that
32:33had
32:33separate
32:34cylinders
32:34you
32:34could
32:35take
32:35any
32:35cylinder
32:36off
32:36and
32:36replace
32:37it
32:37you
32:37can
32:37replace
32:38the
32:38piston
32:38it's
32:39a good
32:39way
32:39to
32:39build
32:40an
32:40engine
32:40separate
32:40cylinders
32:42well
32:43when
32:44when
32:45their
32:45engine
32:45which
32:46had
32:46separate
32:46cylinders
32:47and
32:48heads
32:50camshaft
32:51in
32:51segments
32:52joined
32:52by
32:52little
32:53flexible
32:53joints
32:54it
32:55obliged
32:56it
32:57flexed
32:58the
32:58cylinders
32:59and the
33:00heads
33:00and
33:00everything
33:01else
33:01were
33:04set
33:05into
33:05motion
33:05by the
33:06crankshaft
33:07the
33:08handlebars
33:09grew
33:09to be
33:10like
33:11Randy
33:11Momola
33:12described
33:12on his
33:14TZ750
33:15when its
33:15clutch
33:16was out
33:16of
33:16balance
33:17said
33:17the
33:17bars
33:18were
33:18like
33:18three
33:19inches
33:19in
33:20diameter
33:20and
33:21you
33:22couldn't
33:22hold
33:22on
33:22to
33:23them
33:23because
33:23you'd
33:23burn
33:23your
33:24hands
33:24the
33:25riders
33:25couldn't
33:25ride
33:26this
33:26NSU
33:28parts
33:29broke
33:29off
33:30of
33:30the
33:30frame
33:32the
33:33fuel
33:33in
33:33the
33:33carburetor
33:34float
33:34bowl
33:34was
33:35whipped
33:36into
33:36froth
33:37which
33:38means
33:38that
33:38instead
33:38of
33:39getting
33:39100%
33:40fuel
33:41through
33:42the
33:42needle
33:42jet
33:43they
33:43were
33:43getting
33:44a
33:44large
33:45percentage
33:46of
33:47froth
33:47which
33:47meant
33:48that
33:48suddenly
33:49the
33:49engine
33:50would
33:50lean
33:50out
33:50when
33:51the
33:51vibration
33:52would
33:52begin
33:55the
33:56lessons
33:56of
33:57history
33:57when
34:00the
34:00KR
34:01race
34:01team
34:01Kenny
34:02Roberts
34:03outfit
34:04decided
34:05to
34:05build
34:05a
34:06500
34:06three
34:07cylinder
34:07because
34:07of
34:08a
34:08weight
34:08advantage
34:09in
34:10the
34:10rules
34:13looking
34:13for a
34:14weight
34:14advantage
34:14does
34:15not
34:15recommend
34:15adding
34:16a
34:16balance
34:17shaft
34:17so
34:17they
34:17didn't
34:18and
34:19the
34:19motorcycle
34:21vibrated
34:22fabulously
34:22it whipped
34:23its
34:24fuel in
34:25the fuel
34:25bowls
34:26into a
34:26froth
34:27it was
34:28an
34:28NSU
34:29late
34:29model
34:29as it
34:31were
34:32so
34:35along
34:36comes
34:36retired
34:37Honda
34:38engineer
34:39Oguma
34:40and he
34:41says
34:41you fellas
34:42having trouble
34:43with vibration
34:43I can fix
34:44that for
34:44you
34:45oh
34:46yeah
34:46here's
34:47a
34:47here's
34:48a
34:48setup
34:48we're
34:49not
34:49using
34:49here
34:49in the
34:50drafting
34:50room
34:52Oguma
34:53quelled
34:53the
34:54vibration
34:55and
34:56just
34:57as
34:58the
34:58curtain
34:59was
34:59coming
34:59down
35:00on
35:00500
35:01two
35:01stroke
35:01racing
35:02Kenny's
35:03three
35:03cylinder
35:05set
35:06some
35:06good
35:07qualifying
35:07laps
35:08and
35:08showed
35:09real
35:10promise
35:10but
35:11that's
35:11so often
35:12the case
35:12that
35:13you
35:13finally
35:13get it
35:14together
35:14they
35:15changed
35:16the
35:16rules
35:18so
35:22Honda
35:234
35:23wins
35:24again
35:24became
35:25a
35:26much
35:27repeated
35:27phrase
35:28in the
35:281960s
35:29when
35:30Honda
35:31won
35:31all those
35:32Grand Prix's
35:33that they
35:33had planned
35:33to win
35:34and did
35:36and so
35:37there was
35:38value
35:38in
35:40Honda
35:414
35:41as a
35:42phrase
35:43it was
35:43installed
35:44in
35:44people's
35:45heads
35:45but
35:47it was
35:47the
35:47property
35:47of
35:48Honda
35:48Motor
35:49Company
35:50this
35:52this is
35:54how
35:54advertising
35:55works
35:56it puts
35:56words
35:57into your
35:58head
35:58that you
35:59can't
36:00forget
36:00and
36:01it
36:03exerts
36:03subtle
36:04influences
36:05on your
36:05behavior
36:06when
36:08Honda
36:08built
36:09the
36:09CB
36:09750
36:10those
36:11people
36:14went
36:14into the
36:15showrooms
36:15and bought
36:16them
36:16in large
36:17numbers
36:18we were
36:19reinforced
36:20though
36:20right
36:20I mean
36:21that's
36:21what it
36:21was
36:21we were
36:22reinforced
36:22it's why
36:23you
36:23it's why
36:24you want
36:24a
36:25Ducati
36:26Panigale
36:26street bike
36:27because it
36:28it's being
36:29reinforced
36:30by you
36:30watching
36:30MotoGP
36:31and Superbike
36:32and you
36:32look at
36:33that and
36:33go
36:33that's
36:34that
36:34shape
36:35that
36:35color
36:36that
36:36sound
36:36it
36:37absolutely
36:38means
36:38performance
36:39and that's
36:39what
36:39that's
36:40where the
36:40Honda
36:404
36:41just
36:41I mean
36:43in addition
36:43to being
36:43technically
36:44a great
36:44motorcycle
36:45it
36:46it was
36:47already
36:48resident
36:48that's
36:48it's
36:49brand
36:50you know
36:50Harley
36:50Davidson
36:51Indian
36:52victory
36:53made
36:53victories
36:54for 15
36:55years
36:55and they
36:55struggled
36:56to sell
36:5610,000
36:57units
36:57as soon
36:58as Polaris
36:59bought
36:59Indian
36:5910,000
37:01units
37:01a year
37:01as soon
37:02as Polaris
37:02bought
37:02Indian
37:03they did
37:04the work
37:04they delivered
37:05a bike
37:05it doubled
37:06sales
37:06in one
37:07year
37:07Indian
37:08in the
37:08first
37:09year
37:09sold
37:10as many
37:10or more
37:11bikes
37:11than
37:11victory
37:11probably
37:12more
37:12we just
37:13don't know
37:13the numbers
37:13because they
37:14didn't make
37:14the numbers
37:15public
37:15but
37:15through
37:16calculation
37:17we feel
37:18this
37:19so it's
37:19that
37:19resonance
37:20of
37:21reinforcement
37:22it's
37:22it's
37:23you know
37:23it's resident
37:24in your
37:24mind
37:24in your
37:25heart
37:25so
37:26so I
37:28think
37:28that it's
37:30delightful
37:31to be able
37:32to
37:32harken
37:33back
37:34and think
37:35that some
37:37of the
37:37influences
37:38that
37:39created
37:39the
37:40transverse
37:41four-cylinder
37:41motorcycle
37:42came from
37:44Bugatti's
37:46decision
37:47to make
37:47a straight
37:48eight
37:50and then
37:51people
37:52noticing
37:52these
37:53straight
37:53eights
37:54they can
37:55turn
37:55high
37:56revolutions
37:56without
37:58breaking
37:58connecting
37:59rods
37:59and piston
38:00skirts
38:00and so
38:01forth
38:01which did
38:02happen
38:02with
38:03larger
38:04cylinders
38:04the idea
38:06of cylinder
38:07multiplication
38:08and high
38:09rpm
38:09equaling
38:10power
38:11was
38:12on occasion
38:14taken
38:15too far
38:16a
38:19consortium
38:20of
38:20interested
38:22parties
38:22manufacturers
38:23with money
38:24to spend
38:25in Britain
38:25created
38:27an outfit
38:28called
38:29British
38:29Racing
38:30Motors
38:30BRM
38:31and
38:32at the
38:34tail end
38:35of the
38:36supercharged
38:371500 cc
38:38formula
38:39for
38:39formula
38:40one
38:401947
38:42BRM
38:44built
38:44a
38:45V16
38:48and
38:49the
38:50V16
38:51never
38:52accomplished
38:53anything
38:54and
38:56the
38:56reason
38:57for this
38:57was pointed
38:58out by
38:58Mercedes
39:01race team
39:02manager
39:02Alfred
39:03Neubauer
39:04who
39:05said
39:06this is
39:07a
39:08wonderful
39:09design
39:09too
39:10bad
39:10you
39:11lack
39:11the
39:11resources
39:12to
39:12properly
39:12develop
39:13it
39:14so
39:15four
39:17cylinders
39:18became
39:19the
39:19norm
39:21CB750
39:22was
39:22joined
39:23by
39:23Kawasaki
39:24Z1
39:25the
39:27Suzuki
39:28GS
39:28and
39:29all of
39:30Yamaha's
39:31rather
39:31confusing
39:33inline
39:34fours of
39:34that
39:35early
39:35period
39:35and
39:37that
39:38was the
39:38way
39:39you
39:39built
39:39motorcycles
39:39for
39:40years
39:41and
39:41years
39:42now
39:43at the
39:44present
39:44what we
39:46have is
39:46a
39:47system
39:48of
39:48economy
39:49that
39:50changes
39:50weekly
39:52with
39:54announcements
39:54that
39:55cause
39:55the
39:55value
39:56of
39:56stocks
39:56to
39:57oscillate
39:57menacingly
39:58and
39:59people
40:02don't
40:03think I
40:03want to
40:04make a
40:04major
40:04expenditure
40:05just now
40:06well how
40:07about if
40:07we can
40:07make our
40:08motorcycles
40:08cheaper
40:09by
40:10eliminating
40:11two
40:12cylinders
40:12and
40:13instead
40:14giving
40:15the
40:15engine
40:15a
40:16lovely
40:16Euro
40:175
40:18torque
40:19curve
40:19torque
40:20everywhere
40:22hmm
40:25can I
40:26go for
40:27a test
40:27ride
40:27yeah
40:28here's
40:28the
40:28keys
40:29this
40:30thing
40:30is
40:30great
40:32I'll
40:32take
40:32it
40:33well
40:33that's
40:34how
40:34it's
40:34supposed
40:35to
40:35work
40:36and
40:38reduced
40:38parts
40:39counts
40:39are
40:40occurring
40:41throughout
40:42industry
40:44manufacturers
40:44of jet
40:45engines
40:45the orders
40:46come down
40:47reduce
40:48the number
40:48of
40:49compressor
40:49stages
40:50that
40:51means
40:51that
40:51each
40:52stage
40:52has
40:52to
40:53achieve
40:54a
40:54higher
40:55compression
40:56which
40:57means
40:59don't
41:00let
41:00those
41:00air
41:00foils
41:01stall
41:01fellas
41:02because
41:03then
41:04the
41:04effect
41:04is
41:04going
41:05to
41:05blow
41:05out
41:05the
41:06front
41:06of
41:06the
41:06engine
41:06flames
41:08from
41:09compressor
41:10stall
41:10we
41:10don't
41:10want
41:11the
41:11passengers
41:11to
41:12see
41:12that
41:12no
41:13that's
41:14bad
41:14but
41:17it
41:17is an
41:18efficient
41:18way to
41:19proceed
41:19to say
41:20how many
41:21parts of
41:21this
41:22complicated
41:22possibly
41:23over
41:24complicated
41:24machine
41:25can we
41:26eliminate
41:26along with
41:28what it
41:28cost to
41:29put them
41:29there
41:29so
41:32I
41:32think
41:33that
41:33this
41:34accords
41:36well
41:36with
41:37the
41:37nature
41:37of
41:37the
41:38motorcycle
41:38which
41:39is
41:39simplicity
41:40people
41:41have
41:41tried
41:41to
41:42make
41:42all
41:42sorts
41:43of
41:43alternative
41:43front
41:44suspensions
41:46in
41:47in the
41:4780s
41:47Honda
41:48and the
41:49French
41:49Elf
41:50fuel
41:50company
41:52sponsored
41:53a project
41:54to build
41:55an
41:55alternative
41:56front end
41:56racer
41:57the
41:57Elf
41:58Honda
42:00and
42:00it
42:02showed
42:03promise
42:03but
42:04telescopic
42:05forks
42:06just
42:06became
42:08better
42:09that's
42:10where
42:10the research
42:11was going
42:11yeah
42:12twins on
42:13the street
42:13now
42:15we're
42:16not
42:16seeking
42:16the
42:16highest
42:18specific
42:18output
42:19possible
42:20we're
42:20not
42:20seeking
42:20to win
42:21a world
42:21championship
42:22with a
42:22parallel
42:23twin
42:23that's
42:24so we
42:24can reduce
42:25the parts
42:25and we
42:26can't
42:26we're not
42:26spinning them
42:27to astronomical
42:28revs
42:28but if we
42:29go to
42:29MotoGP
42:30no one's
42:31running
42:32a twin
42:33nobody's
42:34running
42:34a twin
42:34nobody's
42:35running
42:35a twin
42:35and
42:37all of
42:39these
42:39yep
42:39Claudio
42:40Domenicali
42:41once said
42:42to me
42:42when we
42:44considered
42:45entering
42:45MotoGP
42:46we thought
42:47well we
42:48are a
42:48company
42:49that builds
42:49twins
42:49let's
42:50evaluate
42:50a twin
42:51and he
42:53said
42:53the first
42:54thing that
42:55stopped us
42:56or that
42:56discouraged us
42:57was the
42:58enormous
42:58diameter
42:59of the
42:59piston
43:00how are
43:00you going
43:01to burn
43:01this
43:02this
43:03ballroom
43:04sized
43:04combustion
43:05chamber
43:05in
43:08the
43:08tiny
43:09amount
43:09of time
43:09available
43:10at
43:11competitive
43:12RPM
43:15they
43:16didn't
43:16want
43:16to do
43:16it
43:17later
43:18they
43:19built
43:191200
43:20cc
43:20world
43:21super
43:21bike
43:22engines
43:22that
43:22had
43:23pistons
43:23nearly
43:24that
43:24big
43:24and
43:25they
43:25found
43:26that
43:26they
43:26were
43:26actually
43:27not
43:28bad
43:28at
43:29burning
43:29those
43:30big
43:30chambers
43:30but
43:31they
43:31didn't
43:32want
43:32to
43:32jump
43:32in
43:32based
43:33upon
43:33the
43:33assumption
43:34we're
43:34Ducati
43:35we can
43:36do
43:36anything
43:36we decide
43:37to
43:37do
43:39because
43:40nobody
43:40wants
43:41to
43:41have
43:41a
43:41public
43:42failure
43:43so
43:44they
43:44went
43:44with
43:45they
43:45said
43:45well
43:46it's
43:46it's
43:47actually
43:48a
43:48V
43:48twin
43:48times
43:50two
43:51V4
43:52and
43:52they've
43:52done
43:53well
43:53with
43:53the
43:53V4
43:55but
43:56the
43:57cylinder
43:57multiplication
43:58idea
43:59Honda
44:00of course
44:01went
44:02very
44:03far
44:03with
44:03that
44:03their
44:04five
44:04cylinder
44:04125
44:05revved
44:06to
44:06what
44:08was
44:08it
44:0820,000
44:09nearly
44:1021,000
44:11and
44:12the
44:13same
44:13size
44:13pistons
44:14in
44:15the
44:1550
44:15cc
44:16twin
44:16of
44:161965
44:17peak
44:19power
44:1921.5
44:21so
44:23the
44:25idea
44:25of
44:25cylinder
44:26multiplication
44:26can
44:28work
44:29but
44:30it
44:30almost
44:31didn't
44:31because
44:32what
44:32happened
44:32in
44:331964
44:34was
44:35the
44:36they
44:37made
44:37the
44:37twin
44:38they
44:39developed
44:39its
44:40ability
44:40to
44:41suck
44:42in
44:42the
44:42maximum
44:43charge
44:44and
44:44burn
44:44it
44:44efficiently
44:45and
44:45so
44:45forth
44:46but
44:47it
44:47was
44:47being
44:47eaten
44:48up
44:48by
44:48friction
44:50and
44:50by
44:51friction
44:51I
44:51don't
44:51necessarily
44:52mean
44:52rubbing
44:53all
44:54things
44:55that are
44:55consuming
44:56power
44:56in an
44:57engine
44:58are
44:58considered
44:58to be
44:59friction
45:00and
45:01so
45:01they
45:01brought
45:02in
45:03Shoichiro
45:04Iremadri
45:06who
45:06was
45:08quite
45:08a
45:08young
45:09man
45:11and
45:11he
45:12first
45:13ran
45:14through
45:14the
45:15soup
45:15up
45:15stuff
45:15to
45:15make
45:16sure
45:16everyone
45:16had
45:16done
45:17that
45:17properly
45:17and
45:18they
45:18had
45:19okay
45:21now
45:22I
45:22have
45:22to
45:22kill
45:22the
45:22friction
45:23and
45:24the
45:25changes
45:25that
45:25he
45:25made
45:26he
45:26shrank
45:27the
45:27pistons
45:27away
45:28he
45:28was
45:28on
45:29the
45:29verge
45:30of
45:31if
45:32they
45:32had
45:34liquid
45:35cooled
45:35engines
45:36and
45:36oil
45:36cooled
45:37pistons
45:37they
45:38could
45:38have
45:38done
45:39it
45:39I
45:39think
45:39but
45:42he
45:43just
45:43took
45:44stuff
45:44away
45:44from
45:45the
45:45crankshafts
45:46from
45:47everything
45:47that
45:48could
45:48possibly
45:49shed
45:50weight
45:51he
45:53put
45:53an
45:53end
45:54to
45:54enclosing
45:55the
45:55crankshaft
45:55in
45:56a
45:56close
45:56fitting
45:57cylindrical
45:58case
45:59instead
46:00the
46:00crankshaft
46:00was
46:01bolted
46:01to
46:01the
46:01bottom
46:02of
46:02the
46:02cylinder
46:02block
46:03and
46:03it
46:03was
46:04all
46:05emptiness
46:05below
46:07that
46:07so
46:07that
46:08oil
46:08that
46:09flew
46:09off
46:09of
46:09the
46:09crankshaft
46:11that
46:12was
46:12the
46:12last
46:12the
46:12crankshaft
46:13saw
46:13of
46:13it
46:14until
46:14it
46:15was
46:15collected
46:16by
46:16the
46:17scavenge
46:17pump
46:18and
46:18sent
46:19to
46:19the
46:19delivery
46:19pump
46:20and
46:20came
46:21around
46:21again
46:22the
46:22next
46:22cycle
46:22so
46:25with
46:26this
46:26friction
46:27anti-friction
46:28work
46:30which
46:30by the
46:31way
46:31was
46:31reproduced
46:32in so
46:33many
46:33production
46:34bikes
46:35remember
46:35reading
46:35about
46:36it
46:36one
46:37manufacturer
46:38after
46:38another
46:38would
46:38say
46:39oh
46:39we've
46:39put
46:39holes
46:40in the
46:40cylinder
46:41walls
46:41near
46:41bottom
46:42center
46:42so
46:43that
46:43as
46:43one
46:43piston
46:44is
46:44going
46:45the
46:46other
46:46piston
46:46is
46:47receiving
46:48the
46:48air
46:48we've
46:49made
46:49it
46:49holes
46:51had
46:51rounded
46:51edges
46:52so
46:52the
46:53molecules
46:54would
46:54say
46:54that's
46:55for
46:55me
46:55porting
46:56the
46:57airflow
46:57inside
46:57the
46:58engine
46:58case
46:58we've
46:59seen
46:59this
46:59I think
47:01Suzuki
47:01showed
47:02that
47:02one
47:02year
47:02on
47:04a
47:04750
47:04maybe
47:05everybody
47:05was doing
47:06that
47:06kind
47:07of
47:07thing
47:08and
47:09the
47:09point
47:09of
47:10origin
47:10for
47:10it
47:12was
47:13that
47:131965
47:1650
47:17cc
47:18rc
47:18115
47:19I
47:20guess
47:20and
47:21turning
47:2121.5
47:23now
47:26this
47:27these
47:27engines
47:28had
47:28little
47:29refinements
47:29like
47:30chevrons
47:31formed
47:33into
47:33the
47:34od
47:35of
47:35the
47:35big
47:36end
47:36roller
47:38cages
47:38which
47:39you've
47:40seen
47:40little
47:40chevrons
47:41like this
47:42on oil
47:42seals
47:43they're
47:43intended
47:43to
47:44discourage
47:45oil
47:45from
47:45going
47:46out
47:46and
47:47encourage
47:48it
47:48to
47:48stay
47:48in
47:49where
47:49it's
47:49supposed
47:49to
47:49be
47:50sealed
47:51they
47:51did
47:52it
47:52with
47:52bearing
47:52cages
47:53in
47:54an
47:54effort
47:54to
47:55remove
47:55oil
47:56from
47:56the
47:56bearing
47:57so
47:57that
47:58it
47:58could
47:58not
47:58be
48:00sheared
48:00to
48:01produce
48:01friction
48:04all
48:04these
48:05little
48:05details
48:06added
48:06up
48:06to
48:07another
48:08world
48:08championship
48:09so
48:10uh
48:13we
48:13have
48:14the
48:15concept
48:16of
48:16cylinder
48:17multiplication
48:17which
48:18provided
48:19so much
48:20to
48:21motorcycling
48:22over the
48:22years
48:23now
48:24because
48:25of
48:25other
48:25outward
48:26circumstances
48:27we're
48:27um
48:28not
48:30officially
48:31limited
48:32to
48:32twins
48:32but
48:33twins
48:33are
48:33the
48:33type
48:34of
48:34engine
48:35architecture
48:36that is
48:36currently
48:37successful
48:38in the
48:38marketplace
48:39and
48:40those
48:40engines
48:41i
48:42would
48:42suspect
48:43being
48:44given
48:44euro
48:45five
48:46power
48:46curves
48:47are
48:48much
48:50easier
48:50to
48:50ride
48:51well
48:51than
48:52the
48:52rev
48:54happy
48:54600s
48:55600
48:56fours
48:58so
48:59give
49:00a little
49:00lose
49:02a little
49:02yeah
49:03they are
49:03fun street
49:04engines
49:04i mean
49:04i think
49:05we all
49:06enjoy a
49:06high revving
49:07four
49:07i think
49:08back to
49:08the
49:08original
49:09r7
49:10yes
49:11the
49:12homologation
49:12special
49:13one of
49:13the best
49:13sounding
49:14inline
49:14fours
49:15i've
49:15ever
49:15heard
49:16love
49:16it
49:16absolutely
49:17you know
49:18rattling
49:18back and
49:19forth to
49:19work
49:19you know
49:19we don't
49:20want to
49:20shift
49:20at 14
49:21000 rpm
49:22necessarily
49:23maybe a
49:24few times
49:25but can't
49:26we just
49:26rattle down
49:26the road
49:27and get
49:27there
49:27but
49:28officer
49:28it sounds
49:29so great
49:30it does
49:31it's it's
49:31it's an
49:32argument that
49:32usually doesn't
49:34work
49:36so
49:36you know
49:37we talked
49:38about
49:38you've been
49:38talking about
49:39cylinder
49:39multiplication
49:40and
49:42of course
49:42packaging
49:43and the
49:44length of
49:44a crankshaft
49:45on a
49:46straight eight
49:46you know
49:47we'd be
49:48challenged to
49:48fit a
49:49straight eight
49:49on a
49:50motorcycle
49:50you're also
49:51making the
49:52crankshaft
49:52on a
49:53straight eight
49:53you know
49:54twice as
49:54long as
49:55it would be
49:55on an
49:56inline four
49:56so you're
49:57getting this
49:58rigidity
49:58the ability
49:59to make
50:00the four
50:00cylinder
50:00into the
50:02brick house
50:03that it
50:05would not
50:05would not
50:06flex you
50:06got five
50:07main
50:08bearings
50:09four rod
50:10bearings
50:11going back
50:12to mgb's
50:12of course
50:13they had
50:13an inline
50:14four with
50:15three mains
50:15one in
50:16the middle
50:16and one
50:17on each
50:18end
50:18and you
50:19know you
50:20got more
50:21crankshaft
50:21wagging
50:22you know you
50:23always talk
50:23about the
50:23elephant ears
50:24flapping on
50:25a yes
50:26like a
50:26triumph
50:27parallel
50:27twin
50:27those twins
50:28you know
50:29they basically
50:30yeah
50:31and it's
50:33true
50:33so there's
50:34no center
50:34support
50:35bearing
50:35it's just
50:36there's two
50:37pistons
50:37360 degree
50:38whipping up
50:39and down
50:39and there's
50:40no support
50:41in the middle
50:41so it works
50:42fine as long
50:43as you don't
50:43ask too much
50:44of it
50:44but as soon
50:45as you ask
50:45too much
50:46of it
50:46or you ask
50:47more
50:47it says
50:48no
50:48so the
50:49four
50:50allows you
50:51to support
50:52with these
50:53bearings
50:53and it
50:54allows you
50:54to package
50:55in a
50:56thing that
50:57fits beautifully
50:58in a motorcycle
50:59why not
51:00a V4
51:00well V4s
51:01do work
51:01great
51:01but also
51:02packaging
51:03when you're
51:03trying to
51:04get air
51:04in the top
51:05and exhaust
51:06out the
51:06back
51:06and out
51:07the front
51:07like an
51:07inline
51:08four does
51:09make a
51:10tremendous
51:10amount
51:10of sense
51:11now you
51:11talked
51:12about
51:12the
51:14the
51:15CBR
51:151000
51:16RRR
51:19and talking
51:20to the
51:21Honda
51:21engineer
51:21who said
51:22well up
51:22to about
51:2215,000
51:25it's fine
51:26but then we
51:26start to get
51:26you know
51:27vibrations in
51:28the crank
51:28and then
51:28the valve
51:29train
51:29and you
51:31you lose
51:31an advantage
51:32there and
51:32that's why
51:32everyone does
51:33the V4
51:34in MotoGP
51:35to shorten
51:35the crank
51:36it's even
51:37more compact
51:37gives you an
51:38extra 2000
51:39revs basically
51:40was what he
51:41was saying
51:41yeah amazing
51:44one of the
51:45things that
51:46was learned
51:47in World War
51:48One
51:49was
51:52details of
51:53how to
51:54make a
51:54crack
51:55resistant
51:55crankshaft
51:56and that
51:57was an
51:58element
51:58in this
51:59many
52:00small
52:01cylinders
52:01revolution
52:04for
52:05aircraft
52:06cranks
52:06they began
52:07to bore
52:08the
52:09main
52:11journals
52:11and
52:12the
52:13crank
52:13pins
52:14because
52:15the
52:17stiffness
52:17provided
52:18by the
52:18material
52:19in the
52:19center
52:20of a
52:21cylinder
52:21is minimal
52:23because it
52:24has no
52:24leverage
52:26but
52:26by placing
52:28all the
52:28material
52:29out at
52:29the
52:30outside
52:31as
52:31does
52:32the
52:32fuselage
52:33of an
52:33airplane
52:35you have
52:36stiffness
52:37without all
52:38that weight
52:38on the
52:38inside
52:39imagine an
52:39aircraft
52:40fuselage
52:41that was
52:41solid
52:41aluminum
52:42and 20
52:43feet in
52:43diameter
52:45it would
52:46take
52:46a pretty
52:48long runway
52:49to get the
52:49speed you'd
52:50need to fly
52:50that thing
52:52so
52:54there's
52:54been a lot
52:55of subtlety
52:56that has
52:56come about
52:57when
52:57triumph
52:58of course
52:59pioneered
53:00the
53:00parallel
53:00twin
53:04they did
53:04enough
53:05things right
53:05that it
53:07was a
53:07success
53:07but when
53:08BSA
53:09had a
53:09crash
53:10program
53:10after
53:11world
53:11war
53:11ii
53:12we've
53:13got to
53:13build
53:13twins
53:14we've
53:14got to
53:14take those
53:15gold stars
53:16away
53:16i don't
53:17like them
53:17here
53:18they're
53:18cancelled
53:19we're
53:20going to
53:20daytona
53:21with twins
53:22well but
53:22sir
53:22the test
53:23program
53:24those bikes
53:24are coming
53:25back
53:25on the
53:26truck
53:27every day
53:28with broken
53:29crankshaft
53:29oh
53:31and
53:32they got
53:33the
53:34crankshaft
53:36technician
53:37specialist
53:38to come
53:39with his
53:40shake table
53:40and they
53:41set a
53:42crankshaft
53:42up on
53:43the table
53:43with its
53:44axis
53:44vertical
53:45and the
53:45shake
53:45table
53:46does this
53:46it's a
53:47loudspeaker
53:48coil
53:49basically
53:50a base
53:50a base
53:52coil
53:52just turn
53:53your
53:53frequency
53:54dial
53:54see what
53:54happens
53:55you make
53:56a frequency
53:56sweep
53:57and at
53:57one point
53:58the
53:58crankshaft
53:58begins to
53:59hum
53:59and you
54:00say
54:00there we
54:01go
54:02and the
54:03technician
54:03says
54:04this will
54:05only take
54:05a couple
54:06of minutes
54:08and it's
54:08sitting there
54:09humming
54:09and people
54:10are you
54:11know having
54:11tea
54:11and so
54:12forth
54:12and then
54:12click
54:13a piece
54:13of crankshaft
54:14fell off
54:14on the
54:15floor
54:15he said
54:16that does it
54:16folks
54:17now I can
54:17tell you
54:18why it
54:18happens
54:18and the
54:21major reason
54:22that it
54:22happened in
54:23those days
54:23was where
54:24the crank
54:25pin joins
54:26the crank
54:26cheek
54:28it's tempting
54:29to just
54:29make that
54:31a right
54:31angle
54:31but when
54:32you do
54:33you imagine
54:34stress as
54:35being a
54:36bundle of
54:37flexible
54:37spaghetti that
54:38is threaded
54:39through the
54:39crankshaft
54:40and that
54:41somebody is
54:42pulling on
54:42the ends
54:43of that
54:43spaghetti
54:44and wherever
54:45those lines
54:47of stress
54:48concentrate
54:49is where
54:51you're going
54:51to have
54:52failures
54:52for example
54:54at the
54:55junction
54:56of the
54:57crank pin
54:57and the
54:58crank cheek
54:59on the
55:00inside
55:03so they
55:04make the
55:05fillet
55:05make a
55:06nice smooth
55:06fillet
55:07there
55:09fellas
55:10we're going
55:11to have
55:11to resharpen
55:12this tool
55:12more often
55:13because we're
55:14getting horrible
55:15lines in the
55:16fillets
55:16smooth
55:18and then
55:19they found
55:20that if they
55:20rolled the
55:22fillets with
55:22hard wheels
55:24hard narrow
55:25steel wheels
55:26place the
55:28surface of the
55:28metal in
55:29compression
55:29which meant
55:30that you had
55:30to bend
55:32the crankshaft
55:32more
55:34just to
55:36relieve the
55:36compression
55:37so that
55:39allowed
55:39made the
55:41crankshaft
55:41more tolerant
55:42of
55:42flexure
55:44well
55:45Steve
55:45Steve
55:46Whitelock
55:46told a
55:47story about
55:48seeing
55:49he worked
55:50for a
55:50Ferrari
55:50shop at
55:51one point
55:51they put
55:52a
55:52crankshaft
55:52was a
55:53regrind
55:55in an
55:56expensive
55:56Ferrari
55:57and it
55:58went out
55:58and the
55:58crankshaft
55:59failed on
55:59the test
56:00drive
56:03two small
56:04fillets
56:05rough
56:07streaks
56:08in the
56:08fillets
56:09badness
56:11oh
56:11and there
56:13have been
56:13so many
56:14examples
56:14of this
56:15kind of
56:15thing
56:16you were
56:16saying
56:17well I
56:18was just
56:18was hoping
56:19to in
56:20this
56:20grand
56:21cylinder
56:22multiplication
56:24podcast
56:24that we
56:25would get
56:25to the
56:26Napier
56:26H24
56:27Sabre
56:29aircraft
56:29engine
56:30but I'm
56:31sorry to
56:32say that
56:32we're out
56:32of time
56:33so we'll
56:33have to
56:34do that
56:34another
56:35podcast
56:36maybe we'll
56:37get into
56:38the crazy
56:39multis of
56:39this world
56:40and cover
56:41that sometime
56:42oh good
56:43stuff
56:43I can't
56:45wait
56:45Napier
56:46H24
56:46I saw a
56:47cutaway at
56:48the British
56:50aircraft
56:51museum
56:51the RAF
56:52museum
56:53north of
56:53London
56:54a few
56:54years ago
56:55and it
56:55was
56:55magnificent
56:56more
56:58parts
56:59than you
57:00could
57:00I mean
57:01I can't
57:01even
57:02imagine
57:03the
57:03in all
57:04drafts
57:04you know
57:05all drafted
57:05with pencils
57:06on paper
57:07there was
57:08an engineer
57:08named
57:09Stuart
57:09Trezilian
57:10who had
57:12the
57:12cylinder
57:13multiplication
57:14on the
57:15brain
57:15and
57:17he
57:18was
57:20I think
57:21involved
57:22in
57:22BRM's
57:23next
57:24engine
57:25after the
57:25V16
57:26which
57:27which was
57:28an inline
57:29four
57:29with two
57:30great big
57:31valves
57:31in every
57:32cylinder
57:33so
57:36one from
57:37one extreme
57:37to another
57:38in that case
57:40all right
57:41well thanks for
57:41listening folks
57:42we appreciate
57:43the support
57:44see us down
57:45in the comments
57:46and we will
57:47catch you next
57:47time
57:48yeah of course
57:49it's always
57:50good
57:50take care
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