- 2 days ago
L'Australie est pleine de mystères - tant au-dessus qu'en dessous de la surface. Explorons deux découvertes saisissantes : l'épave d'un navire de l'époque de la ruée vers l'or enfin retrouvée après 170 ans en Australie-Méridionale, et une terrifiante découverte cachée que des scientifiques ont mise au jour en Australie. Ce qui était perdu depuis des siècles… refait maintenant surface. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00We are in June 1857.
00:03A violent storm s'abat sur Gishen Bay, Australia,
00:06and destroyed a island navire pesant 800 tons.
00:09A part of the crew tries to escape in a small embarkation,
00:13but only 9 of the 25 people at board came to survive.
00:17Many years later,
00:19researchers studying the route of Verlore
00:21think to have found this disappeared.
00:24Yes, this ship is linked to one of the most dramatic and rich
00:28in challenges of the Australian history.
00:31I want to talk about the naufrage of Conning Willem of Tweed,
00:34a ship built in 1840.
00:37This historical discovery is an important event
00:40because we consider this epave as a real treasure
00:43in the world of marine archaeology in Australia.
00:46Allow me to explain why.
00:48During the 19th century,
00:50the island ships transport not only merchandise,
00:53but also people coming from Asia
00:55who hoped to start a new life in Australia.
00:58And they all wanted something,
01:00find the gold.
01:01Yes, this precious metal was discovered in Australia
01:04in 1851.
01:06Finally, at least officially.
01:08In reality,
01:10we discovered it a few years ago,
01:12but let's just say that the authorities decided
01:14to keep this information away from the newspapers.
01:17In any case,
01:18the great discovery official
01:20took place in 1851,
01:22when an Australian Australian researcher
01:24named Edward Hammond Hargraves
01:26led a expedition
01:27in the region of Nouvelle-Galle
01:29and he chose to tell everyone
01:32his beautiful discovery.
01:33Then suddenly,
01:34the road towards the or began.
01:36The news were quickly.
01:38The people started to arrive everywhere.
01:40Great Britain,
01:41Ireland,
01:42Germany,
01:43from the Pays-Bas,
01:44but also from the China.
01:46We estimate that at this time,
01:47about 20,000 Chinese
01:49were able to walk
01:50towards the fields of Victoria.
01:52In 1861,
01:54about 3% of the Australian population
01:57were born in this country.
01:59Most of them came from the south of Guangdong region,
02:03which had a very difficult time
02:05at the time.
02:06They had all known,
02:07invasions étrangères,
02:09massive inondations,
02:10graves pénuries alimentaires,
02:12and so on.
02:13Many people had all lost.
02:16Their money was gone,
02:17their houses were destroyed,
02:19and people had no more food.
02:21They had no more food.
02:22They had no chance
02:23to get out of poverty
02:24and the pain
02:25who struck them.
02:26But one day,
02:27the rumors began to spread.
02:29There was a gisement
02:30of gold somewhere
02:31in a British country
02:32far.
02:33On said that people
02:34of the whole world
02:35parted to adventure.
02:36That peace reigns
02:37in this country
02:38full of opportunities
02:39and that the earth
02:40itself contained
02:41everything we could have needed.
02:42A real dream.
02:44A few years later,
02:46they renamed this new world
02:48Xinjinshan,
02:49the new Mountain d'or.
02:51So a large number
02:53of them gathered
02:54what they were left
02:55and went to Australia
02:56to make their lives.
02:57There was the promise
02:58of a better destiny,
02:59the opportunity
03:00to leave the entire families
03:01of poverty.
03:02But they arrived
03:03and were no good
03:04market,
03:05no easy.
03:06They had to travel
03:07in immense ships
03:08and a voyage
03:09from the province
03:10of Guangdong
03:11to Sydney
03:12or Melbourne
03:13took about three months.
03:14A certain moment,
03:15the Australian authorities
03:16decided to impose
03:17a tax
03:18to the arrival
03:19of the Chinese.
03:20Each passenger
03:21in the port of Victoria
03:22had to pay
03:23a capitation
03:24of 10 livres.
03:25What do you think
03:26that happened?
03:27So?
03:28The itinéraires changed,
03:29of course.
03:30In addition
03:31to Victoria,
03:32the navires
03:33started to stay
03:34at Robe,
03:35a city located
03:36in the south-west
03:37of the Australian
03:38Méridionale.
03:39From there,
03:40the people
03:41walking around 400 km
03:42to the pied
03:43to the champs
03:44just to avoid
03:45paying taxes.
03:46And it's precisely
03:47in this region
03:48that the
03:49Coning Willem
03:50of Tweed
03:51was discovered.
03:52Our navire
03:53Néerlandais
03:54was found
03:55near the coast
03:56of Europe.
03:57And it was one
03:58of the many navires
03:59who transported
04:00the Chinese passengers
04:01to the Australia.
04:02You see now
04:03why it's important
04:04historically,
04:05n'est-ce pas?
04:06The 16th June 1857,
04:07it depended
04:08about 400 people
04:09in all security
04:10to land
04:11so that they could
04:12start their lives.
04:13The navire
04:14himself has no right
04:15to a happy end.
04:16After this
04:17landing,
04:18he had to continue
04:19on his journey.
04:20But then,
04:21a storm
04:22exploded.
04:23The navire
04:24so jeter
04:25the encre
04:26and attend
04:27Gichen Bay.
04:28The time continued
04:29to deteriorate.
04:30The encre
04:31began to drop
04:32and on the 30th June,
04:33the navire was completely lost.
04:34The captain,
04:35a certain Hendrik Giesen,
04:36decided to act quickly.
04:37He took the decision
04:38to eliminate the navire
04:39in the hope
04:40to save both the building
04:41and his crew.
04:42But there was a problem.
04:44The navire
04:45went to
04:46on Long Beach
04:47about five kilometers
04:48to the east of Rob
04:49and he began
04:50to disintegrate
04:51quickly into the mer
04:52agitated.
04:53The rest of the story
04:54is tragically.
04:5516 marines
04:56se noyèrent
04:57when one of the
04:58embarkations
04:59of the navire
05:00was returned.
05:01Seuls 9 men
05:02survived.
05:03The captain Giesen
05:04remained
05:05at the end of the epave.
05:06He ended up
05:07the rivage
05:08in the end.
05:09Fortunately,
05:10the people
05:11who were found
05:12on the beach
05:13managed to take
05:14the rope
05:15to a rope.
05:16A few years later,
05:17the objects
05:18from the epave
05:19were sold
05:20to a man
05:21named Jacob Chambers
05:22for 225 livres,
05:23which represented
05:24an amount of money
05:25fairly expensive
05:26at the time.
05:27Because the people
05:28could save
05:29a good amount of
05:30elements
05:31of the epave.
05:32The cloches,
05:33for example,
05:34and some portes,
05:35as well as the planches
05:36of the coque.
05:37These portes
05:38and some bois
05:39were used later
05:40in the construction
05:41of Caledonian Inn,
05:42the historic
05:43stone of stone
05:44which was built
05:45in 1859.
05:46The cloches
05:47would have been used
05:49at the primary
05:50school of Rome
05:51for more than 100 years.
05:52But the researchers
05:53are not so sure
05:54of that.
05:55What we know,
05:56is that most of the rest
05:58of the ship
05:59still remained
06:00until today.
06:02After three years
06:03of work
06:04a team affiliated
06:06to the National Maritime
06:07Australian Museum
06:08think finally
06:09to find the
06:10Cunningville Lamb
06:11of Twid.
06:13This project
06:14started in April 2022
06:16and its main goal
06:17was to research
06:18and localize
06:19the vestiges
06:20of the epave
06:21to effect an archaic study
06:22for that.
06:23They used two main tools
06:25of the main tools
06:26of the detector
06:27of metals
06:28and a magnetometer
06:29marine
06:30which detect
06:31the changes
06:32in the magnetic field
06:33of the air.
06:35Soon
06:36this technology
06:37started to detect
06:38a lot of anomalies
06:39in the area
06:40where we thought
06:41that the epave
06:42was found.
06:43And by anomalies,
06:44I mean
06:45strange signals
06:46that something
06:47was perhaps
06:48hiding under the
06:49ground,
06:50hiding under the
06:51planet.
06:52There are
06:53many asteroids
06:54that we are even aware
06:55of the solar system
06:56that we are even aware.
06:57These are fragments
06:58of the material
06:59that the formation
07:00of our solar system
07:01are
07:03almost
07:044,6
07:05billion years
07:06they orbit
07:07around the
07:08moon,
07:09but not like the planets.
07:10They are real
07:11rebels who prefer
07:12to follow
07:13the trajectories
07:14quite habituelles.
07:15In addition,
07:16they travel
07:17between the planets
07:18and other planets
07:19the majority
07:20of them
07:21are the main
07:22of the asteroid
07:23between Jupiter
07:24and Mars.
07:25Most of them
07:26remain,
07:27but the gravity
07:28of Jupiter
07:29can push certain
07:30of these
07:31different directions,
07:32including
07:33towards us.
07:34These asteroid
07:35are sometimes
07:36round,
07:37sometimes
07:38strange,
07:39with holes
07:40due to collision
07:41with other
07:42space.
07:43At this day,
07:44we know
07:45that there are more
07:46of a million
07:47in the main
07:48of the asteroid
07:49and everything
07:50goes well
07:51until some of them
07:52will be directed
07:53to us.
07:54We know
07:55that there is not
07:56to do anything
07:57for the moment.
07:58But it has not always been the case
07:59for our dear planet.
08:00If the Earth
08:01could speak,
08:02it would surely
08:03share some incredible secrets
08:04on these asteroids.
08:06These space
08:07have left
08:08the impact
08:09that we call
08:10the dome.
08:11These dômes
08:12have a characteristic
08:13with a
08:14center
08:15like
08:16as
08:17as
08:18as
08:19we
08:20see
08:21many
08:22similar
08:23A priori,
08:24this center
08:25should be visible
08:26immediately,
08:27especially if
08:28the asteroid
08:29which had
08:30hit the surface
08:31was immense.
08:32But we talk
08:33millions
08:34and millions
08:35of years
08:36and even
08:37the gravity
08:38have gradually
08:39its traces.
08:41These elements
08:42use
08:43the impact
08:44and some sites
08:45end up even
08:46in the
08:47rocks
08:48and earth.
08:49Others
08:50never
08:51disappear
08:52because of the
08:53constant movement
08:54of the planet.
08:55Look at the moon.
08:56It has also been
08:57many collisions.
08:58But there,
08:59there is no ocean
09:00or sea
09:01or sea
09:02or sea
09:03of millions
09:04of years
09:05surface.
09:06In general,
09:07its history
09:08is
09:09grave.
09:10However,
09:11the Earth has
09:12natural forces
09:13capable
09:14of
09:15the structures
09:16such as
09:17the impact
09:18of Vredefort
09:19of the
09:20dinosaurs.
09:21Fortunately,
09:22scientists
09:23have today
09:24new methods
09:25to
09:26have
09:27new
09:28methods
09:29for
09:30the
09:31impact.
09:32The
09:33Australian continent
09:34is particularly
09:35interesting
09:36The super continent
09:37of Gondwana
09:38dominated the
09:39south
09:40hundreds of millions
09:41of years,
09:42especially during the
09:43period of Dévonien.
09:44Experts
09:45identified about 38
09:46impacts of
09:47asteroids.
09:48In addition,
09:49there are 43
09:50other sites
09:51potential.
09:52Some of these structures
09:53are relatively small
09:54while others are
09:55large and entirely
09:56hidden.
09:57Recently,
09:58a scientist named
09:59Tony Yates
10:00discovered
10:01the strange
10:02magnetics
10:03in Nouvelle-Galle
10:04of the
10:05Sud.
10:06These new indices
10:07pointent
10:08to a gigantic impact.
10:09And when we say
10:10gigantic,
10:11it's not a joke.
10:12It's a structure
10:13of 520 km
10:14of diameter.
10:15This could be
10:16the most great
10:17impact ever
10:18discovered.
10:19This site is called
10:20The Structure
10:21of Denis Likin.
10:22These magnets
10:23reveal
10:24characteristics
10:25around the center
10:26similar to
10:27the created by
10:28a pierre
10:29in the water.
10:30There are also
10:31fractures
10:32from the outside
10:33and the rocks
10:34from the bottom
10:35of the ground
10:36seem to have been
10:37pushed inside.
10:38It's typical
10:39of the big impact
10:40of asteroids.
10:41This structure
10:42probably located
10:43in the east
10:44of Gondwana
10:45hundreds of millions
10:46of years,
10:47before the fragmentation
10:48of the super continent
10:49in several countries
10:50of which Australia.
10:51At the moment,
10:52what we know
10:53about this crater
10:54is what we can observe
10:55in surface.
10:56For more information
10:57and concrete
10:58we should be
10:59in the soil.
11:00A asteroid
11:01of this size
11:02is not a
11:03light.
11:04It would have
11:05provoked
11:06an air
11:07glacier
11:08of large
11:09and perhaps
11:10even
11:11almost 85%
11:12of the species
11:13surpassing the impact
11:14of the asteroid
11:15which caused
11:16the extinction
11:17of the dinosaurs.
11:18In 4,5 milliards
11:19of years
11:20of existence,
11:21it has been hit
11:22by hundreds of
11:23big asteroids.
11:24However,
11:25it does not mean
11:26that each
11:27space
11:28the most
11:29of the people
11:30who managed to
11:31reach the atmosphere
11:32are relatively small,
11:33about 1 mètre
11:34in diameter.
11:35Fortunately for us,
11:36the space roaches
11:37of less than 25 mètres
11:38in diameter
11:39are not able to
11:40reach the atmosphere
11:41of our planet.
11:42These roaches arrive
11:43at great speed,
11:44heating the gas
11:46of the atmosphere,
11:47which ends up
11:48by burning
11:49once they enter
11:50into our atmosphere,
11:51they transform
11:52in a meteor.
11:53And in most cases,
11:55they do not cause
11:56many damage,
11:57even if they are
11:59falling.
12:00We have seen
12:01the impacts
12:02much more important
12:03on Earth
12:04by the past.
12:05At least 190
12:06of them
12:07have left left
12:08even more visible
12:09today.
12:10One of the biggest
12:11is in South Africa
12:12the Dome
12:13of Vredefort
12:14which measures
12:15160 km
12:16of diameter.
12:17It is currently
12:18the most famous
12:19although scientists
12:20should still look
12:21at this new
12:22crater
12:23discovered
12:24in Australia.
12:25The Dome
12:26has been
12:28formed
12:29there
12:30about 2
12:31billion years
12:32caused by
12:33an astéroïde
12:34probably more
12:35big than the
12:36who exterminated
12:37the dinosaurs.
12:38When an astéroïde
12:39measure more than 1 km,
12:40its effects can be
12:41devastating to the world.
12:42This impact
12:43was so powerful
12:44that it could
12:45cause an incendie
12:46everywhere
12:47and create enormous
12:48amounts of
12:49water
12:50in the atmosphere.
12:51The impact
12:52of the planet
12:53has been
12:54destroyed
12:55for months
12:56or years.
12:57We also have
12:58the most famous
12:59astéroïde
13:00that created the
13:01gigantic crater
13:02of Chicxulub
13:03and its 180 km
13:04of large.
13:05You know the story,
13:06it was destroyed
13:07on our planet
13:08it a 66 millions
13:09of years
13:10of
13:15the
13:16dinosaurs
13:17gambadés
13:18gaiement
13:19en quête
13:20de nourriture
13:21et de partenaires,
13:22en gros vivant leur vie.
13:23the impact
13:25the impact
13:26has also
13:27caused a huge
13:28storm
13:29which has covered
13:30the planet
13:31for years
13:32blocking the sun
13:33and perturbant
13:34the plants
13:35and the food chain
13:36even those who have survived
13:37to the impact
13:38have had trouble
13:39to find their food
13:40and end up to disappear.
13:41Fortunately,
13:42they left us
13:43many fossils
13:44and are becoming
13:45an incredible source
13:46of inspiration
13:47for the cinema.
13:48In a 1,8 milliard
13:49of years
13:50in Canada
13:51another major event
13:52a big hole
13:54today
13:55known as the
13:56basin of Sudbury
13:57people thought
13:58that it was an asteroid
14:00but some experts
14:01thought at present
14:02that it could be
14:03a gigantic comet
14:04composed of glass
14:05and rocks
14:06this hole
14:07has practically disappeared
14:08today
14:09because of the
14:10meteorological conditions
14:11however
14:12we can still
14:13extraire
14:14and nickel
14:15all the rest
14:17of the space
14:18which is fallen
14:19if you are
14:20in the south
14:21of l'Inde
14:22you will discover
14:23the cratère
14:24of Lonard
14:25the inhabitants
14:26of the region
14:27discovered it
14:28two centuries
14:29in 1823
14:30and thought
14:31it was a volcano
14:32but we now know
14:33that it is a trace
14:34laid by a meteor
14:35which has been
14:36destroyed
14:37about 35
14:38to 50,000 years
14:39which makes this
14:41crater
14:42unique
14:43it is the only
14:44known to be formed
14:45in a basaltic
14:46around this crater
14:47there are
14:48rocks
14:49where live
14:50and the gazelle
14:51the birds
14:52also appreciate it
14:53the lake
14:54this one
14:55this one
14:56is very fascinating
14:57because it can take a rose
14:58because of the presence of
14:59minuscules organisms
15:00even if this coloration
15:01is an ephemeral
15:02is an ephemeral
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