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00:00Mamma mia, veramente terribile sta frattura.
00:19Mai scavato un essere umano ridotto così.
00:22È come se fosse diventato in 2D.
00:29Perché qua è stato proprio il blocco di...
00:33Potrebbe essere donna, potrebbe.
00:39Non ti do certezze.
00:43In AD 79,
00:46the eruption of Mount Vesuvius entombede Pompei in metres of pumice and ash,
00:56preserving the city and its people for 2 millennia.
01:06Today, Pompei's ruins are the archeological wonder of the world.
01:11But, incredibly,
01:14one third of the 66 hectare site remains unexcavated.
01:22Now, this is about to change.
01:28As a team of Italian archeologists set out to unearth a new complex of buildings.
01:34This is the biggest excavation in the generation in Pompei.
01:38It's an entire city block.
01:39It took a very long time to plan it,
01:41so it's very specialised.
01:44You've got to know what that is.
01:52Oh, you have to understand what it is,
01:53I'm going to do something.
01:54Oh my God!
01:55Oh my God!
02:01As the team removes tons of ash and pumice,
02:03we'll see a new part of Pompei rise from the rubble for the first time
02:08from the rubble for the first time, in almost 2,000 years.
02:19Revealing new secrets about the lives of the ancient Romans.
02:38I would like to tell this.
02:42In A.D. 79, Pompeii was a bustling cosmopolitan city.
03:09Situated on the Bay of Naples, it attracted rich Romans from across the empire.
03:22You can imagine life.
03:24A nice little town in the countryside where people went for holidays and vacation.
03:34But it's also very commercial.
03:46Every day, Pompeii's bakeries, laundries and impressive amphitheatre hummed with life.
03:53You were in a cramped city full of people, full of noise.
04:03Chariots moving along the streets.
04:07Shops.
04:10Public baths.
04:12Children writing messages and drawing on the walls.
04:18People getting drunk.
04:21Prostitutes.
04:22All that happening in a very limited space.
04:33But then, everything changed.
04:39The violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius threw a column of ash and rock, 21 miles into the air.
04:56Burying Pompeii and its people for over 1700 years.
05:17Rediscovered in the 1740s, archaeologists have been excavating the ruins ever since.
05:38Today, the team start work on an untouched area of the site.
05:52This is Insula 10.
05:54A 3,000 square metre city block backing onto Via Nola.
06:05A busy commercial street leading to the Eastern Gate, lined with shops and luxurious villas.
06:14This was a wealthy part of town.
06:16The archaeologists think they are likely to find a large residential complex.
06:23Possibly the home of an elite citizen.
06:31Pompeii is extremely fragile.
06:35And it's always a fight, a battle against time.
06:41Excavating is also a huge responsibility.
06:44You have to restore and protect what you excavate forever.
06:51And so it's an enormous challenge to preserve this site for future generations.
07:07As the dig begins, the team need heavy machinery to reach the original floor level.
07:11Buried under five metres of volcanic debris.
07:14In a small room, close to the main street, anthropologist Valeria Amoretti has made a discovery.
07:33has made a discovery.
07:36Now as now, I don't see it well.
07:54Costato.
07:55Omero costato.
07:58Mamma mia.
07:59Iperfratturato.
08:01Io qua vedo la parte, credo, dietro del bacino.
08:06Così, insomma.
08:08La testa dovrebbe stare qua.
08:14Solitamente, se si rimengono ossa,
08:18io sono la persona che viene chiamata.
08:22Ma è piccolino di statura.
08:25Si, è minuto.
08:26È minuto.
08:28È molto aperto.
08:30Potrebbe essere donna.
08:32Potrebbe.
08:33Da quello che si vede.
08:36Non ti do certezze.
08:38È proprio minuta.
08:46Però è adulta.
08:48Oddio.
08:50Oddio.
08:56Posso togliere questo documentato?
08:58Sì, sì.
08:59Ok, vai.
09:05Valeria has been unearthing ancient bodies for many years.
09:10Che in questo momento io sto agendo esattamente come un antropologo forense durante un disastro di massa.
09:20Ma lavoriamo su cosa è accaduta alla persona, quali sono i suoi ultimi attimi.
09:25Quindi, di fatto, si tratta di una ricostruzione del momento della morte.
09:29Sono migliormente.
09:30Sono ingatti di un'america.
09:31Cosa deve vivere.
09:32L'amore.
09:33È casa.
09:34Ma questa persona non diede solo.
09:35È bene.
09:36La sua persona non diede solo.
09:37Proprio.
09:40Tras eh, c'è un corpo digraphi se era.
09:41Di l'amore, c'è un corpo di trasporto.
09:43E comunque, un corpo di trasporto è...
09:44Il corpo di trasporto.
09:45E poi è un corpo di trasporto.
09:46E poi tutto il corpo di trasporto è un corpo di trasporto.
09:48Il corpo di trasporto.
09:49È un corpo di trasporto.
09:52È un corpo di trasporto.
09:53Cosa è un corpo di trasporto.
09:54Sono uguale e lì.
09:55With both bodies severely crushed, the team are keen to find out exactly how they died.
10:25And who they were.
10:35Before the eruption, Pompey's population was a rich mix of the Roman social strata.
10:43At the top, the powerful and wealthy, Pompey's old money elite, and the nouveau riche.
10:50Then, the skilled workers and labourers, including those that had won their freedom, plied their trade in the shops and markets.
11:01And at the very bottom, and doing most of the work, the enslaved workers.
11:08Pompey's rich and poor, living cheek by jowl.
11:12Walking through Pompey, you can really see a very stark social contrast between extremely rich people.
11:27With a large house, with the dining rooms and courtyards.
11:35A garden with running water, you know, fountains, statues, Greek marble.
11:42Paintings and frescoes all over the house.
11:45And this, right next to all the little spaces.
11:56The majority were one or two, three room apartments.
12:07Ten to fourteen people living there.
12:13It gets quite cramped.
12:15Many of the small apartments without kitchen, so you can understand why there are so many bakeries.
12:25Because people, essentially, who have no kitchen, they were eating bread.
12:30And that's it.
12:33Back at the dig, the team are clearing out a large, brick-built oven.
12:37Situated in the room next door to the bodies, it's unusual to find one so large in a private house.
12:52And here 있어요.
12:53Oh, how are these?
12:54Например, yes, it looks like a brick-filled oven.
12:56I think this one so many Lup için prac
13:01Here, OK.
13:05Here everybody, let's see.
13:07Very cool, the kitchen is본.
13:13I don't know, please.
13:17Calm mind.
13:19Oh, what's up?
13:21Oh, no!
13:26No, Gio, don't hurt you.
13:29Don't hurt you.
13:32Gennaro Jorvino is one of the Dig's team leaders.
13:37He's lived close to the ruins all his life.
13:51There were so many rural villages.
13:54So it's like to really excavate a house.
13:59I find myself on the ground where my antennas were born.
14:08It's amazing.
14:11We came back another day and then we tried to enter.
14:14We tried to work from above.
14:16We could find a surprise inside.
14:21We will be, in the eyes of the Dig's team,
14:27the good and the bad.
14:28We will be the ones who will ask
14:31what we found.
14:38So I imagine that from here to a year
14:40I will resume a year of work.
14:44Centinaia di US, centinaia di USM,
14:50di rivestimenti in una frase che abbiamo trovato.
14:54Sì, l'hai ripesta?
15:05È la guancia.
15:08Cioè tu vuoi riconoscerla tanto come essere umano,
15:11però questa è l'orbita, il naso, i denti.
15:14E questo ciò che resta dell'ozigoma, insomma, del malario.
15:24As Valeria continues to work on the fragile skeletons,
15:28she wants to understand how these people died.
15:31Considerando la gravità delle lesioni,
15:34non penso che sia una morte che abbia, insomma, richiesto molto tempo.
15:40Anzi, anzi.
15:42Penso qualcosa di stantano.
15:45What could have killed these people so quickly?
15:55Volcanologist Professor Chris Jackson
15:57is an expert in ancient volcanoes.
16:01He's come to a partially unexcavated area of Pompeii
16:04to examine some of the volcanic rock that buried the city.
16:15Here we're looking at some of the material associated
16:18with the very earliest phase of the eruption.
16:21And it's this white pumice we have here.
16:25And if you were in Pompeii at that time,
16:27the sky would have been black.
16:29It would have been very dark
16:30because all of this material would have been swirling around
16:33in the atmosphere before raining down out of the sky like snow.
16:38But the thing is, it was falling continuously
16:40during that earliest phase of the eruption,
16:42quickly building up into a thick layer on the roofs of the houses.
16:45And although this material is quite light
16:48and these particles are quite small,
16:50this would have been falling out of the sky for around about 19 hours.
16:54Those roofs would not have been able to withstand
16:56the thick layer of material deposited in a relatively short period of time.
17:02And amazingly, my feet are on ground level here at Pompeii.
17:06And this wall of rock towers above me,
17:09really giving you a sense of the material that came into this city and swamped it.
17:22During that initial phase of the eruption,
17:24ash and pumice was raining down on the roofs of houses in Pompeii.
17:28Some residents may have come inside to hide indoors,
17:33unaware that the build-up, the slow creep of this incessant ash fall
17:40was eventually going to lead to catastrophic failure
17:43and loss of life in Pompeii.
17:45Well, we have decided between the weight of the roof on the roof and the weight of the roof.
17:58Maybe it could not be possible, right?
17:59It was...
18:02Oh my God.
18:03What do you think of the size of a solar system?
18:08It should be about 300 kg per square meter.
18:13It's ready.
18:14I'll see you all.
18:15I'll see you all.
18:16The revelation that a collapsing ceiling crushed these people implies they were sheltering
18:39in this room during the eruption.
18:42But who they were remains a mystery.
18:52Next door, in the oven room, Gennaro calls in Nicola Montex, expert on Roman bakeries,
19:00to try to determine what the oven was used for.
19:07It's beautiful. How much is it?
19:15But it's 2,64€ for 2,20€.
19:21It's a beast.
19:23We can clearly say that it's a commercial stove.
19:29Yes, I would say it with all calmness.
19:33Yes, yes.
19:35It's impossible that it's a home stove.
19:39There's an exit on the street.
19:43No, Nicolai, we haven't found it.
19:47Commercial properties in Pompeii usually had shopfronts opening onto the street.
19:53But there's no evidence of one here.
19:59There's not a sale, but there's a distribution.
20:03Yes.
20:04That's right.
20:05That's right.
20:06That's right.
20:07The team have discovered this was not a domestic, but a commercial bakery,
20:19distributing bread around the city.
20:25At the time of the eruption, Pompeii was thriving.
20:30Traders and visitors flocked to the town and baking was big business.
20:36Bread was a key staple of the Roman diet.
20:41And remarkably, some loaves still survive.
20:50This is one of the carbonised bread that was founded here in Pompeii.
20:56This shape of bread is one of the most common in Pompeii.
21:00So the panis quadratus that have this rounded shape
21:04and that was divided in four or eight slices.
21:08This is one of the last bread that was baked in Pompeii in 79 AD.
21:15And here you can see the fingerprint of the bakers.
21:20And this is the last action, we can say,
21:23of the worker that worked in the bakery.
21:33But what would life have been like
21:35for those working in the newly discovered bakery?
21:42Across Pompeii, over 40 bakeries have been found.
21:49Nicolas Montex has come to one of the best preserved.
21:53The living in the bakery was not a life of all repos.
22:03And then, in the fridge, it means to take the day
22:06the heat varies from 100 to 500 degrees.
22:13These meules that take the most out of the meule
22:16to turn around,
22:19should also be maintained by a human being.
22:23They were maintained by a human being.
22:25They were maintained by a human being.
22:26And they were at the same time
22:27to move forward,
22:28put the grain on top
22:30and put the flour on top
22:31and put the flour on top.
22:32And that all the day.
22:35There was a permanent noise
22:37on the basalte,
22:40the probable noise of the meule
22:42that turns out.
22:44There is a description
22:46in Landor d'Apulé
22:49where it describes
22:50people who are slaves
22:53who work in the bakery
22:56and we all describe them
22:58as very weak,
23:00covered with blood,
23:01with blood,
23:02because in fact,
23:03the flour is falling on top
23:04and really in a state
23:06of...
23:08...
23:09...
23:10...
23:11...
23:12...
23:13...
23:14...
23:15...
23:16...
23:17...
23:18...
23:28Three months in,
23:29the team have unearthed
23:31a large oven
23:32indicating this was a commercial bakery
23:38and a small room next door
23:39containing two skeletons.
23:45Now they begin excavating
23:47an untouched area
23:48in the centre of the block,
23:49the atrium
23:51or reception room
23:52where visitors,
23:53merchants
23:54and workers
23:55might have entered
23:56from the main street outside.
24:03The moment is delayed.
24:04We face the excavation
24:06of a mass of clean lapels.
24:11This means
24:12that after the eruption
24:13of Vesuvius
24:14we arrive
24:15excavating
24:16an environment
24:17that has not been
24:18ever touched
24:19and
24:20so
24:21it can be
24:22reserved for
24:23any surprise.
24:25It is
24:28really emotional.
24:30This
24:31is
24:32this
24:33is
24:34the shape
24:35of a
24:36machine.
24:37But
24:38it is
24:39a
24:40goal.
24:41a
24:51goal.
24:52It is
24:53a goal.
24:54The goal of the machine.
24:55Yes, the goal of the machine.
24:56Yes, the goal of the machine.
24:57Yes, the goal of the machine.
24:58Yes, the goal of the machine.
24:59Yes.
25:00This is a millstone
25:02used to grind grain.
25:04They were essential
25:05for making bread.
25:07But
25:08why is this
25:09in the reception room?
25:11Alessandro Russo,
25:13co-team leader,
25:14joins Gennaro
25:16trying to make sense
25:17of the discovery.
25:19That's
25:21looks good.
25:22Yes, yes.
25:23But they were not making it.
25:24They were making the new.
25:26Look!
25:27Look!
25:28Look at the
25:29signs of the
25:31rasp.
25:32The
25:33tooth.
25:34To
25:35scoop it.
25:36It is not that
25:37they were making the new.
25:39They are not
25:40almost
25:41there.
25:42They are always consumed.
25:44Look!
25:45These are
25:46four
25:47teeth.
25:48the
25:49teeth.
25:50You put it like this
25:51and do it.
25:52Then you work it.
25:53Look!
25:54This millstone
25:56was brand new
25:58and unused
25:59at the time of the
26:00eruption.
26:01And just
26:02metres away,
26:03something equally
26:04unexpected
26:05appears.
26:10Doctor!
26:11Doctor!
26:12Look!
26:13Look!
26:14Look!
26:15Look!
26:16Look!
26:17Look!
26:18Look!
26:19Look!
26:20Look!
26:22Look!
26:23Good!
26:27Look!
26:28That's the
26:29thing!
26:30That's enough, isn't it?
26:31These are 2,000-year-old roof tiles.
26:38They're still in almost perfect condition.
26:47Finding dozens of new roof tiles and a brand-new millstone
26:51suggests that renovation work was taking place here.
26:55But why?
26:58Could this building work be linked to a dramatic event
27:02which rocked Pompeii 17 years before the eruption?
27:15Mount Vesuvius still looms large over the ruins of the city.
27:212,000 years ago, to the Pompeians,
27:25it would have looked like any other mountain.
27:28But its looks were deceiving.
27:37Magma is always moving around within the Earth's crust
27:40and sometimes when that magma moves,
27:42it pushes against the rocks and those rocks can break.
27:46And it's the breaking of those rocks
27:48that can generate a series of earthquakes.
27:55In AD 62, a violent earthquake shook the city.
27:59The earthquake severely damaged Pompeii.
28:18And following that earthquake, there was a number of other earthquakes.
28:23These earthquakes damaged buildings across the city.
28:32Back at the dig, evidence is mounting that this property was one of them
28:38and was still being repaired 17 years later.
28:42And if it was a tiny village,
28:43it was a city.
28:44And it was a village that the land was built in the region.
28:45That's the village that we were built in the region.
28:46It was a village that we were built in the region.
28:47This is the context of something.
28:52This is a disaster.
28:55And here, probably, we have the context.
29:02So this house was built,
29:06not the saints.
29:11At this point, we should find
29:14the equipment used for the camp,
29:19the equipment used for the camp.
29:26If they didn't escape, we'll find the workers.
29:29What do you say?
29:31Because if they were working...
29:33Yes, no, no.
29:34Let's see.
29:37Congratulations.
29:38Let's continue.
29:45In a small room nearby,
29:48the team discover more evidence
29:50of ongoing repair work.
29:52Aspino
29:59With the older people,
30:00the patient is not able to break
30:02through the shoreline.
30:03No, that's what we are still waiting for.
30:05No!
30:06I don't know.
30:07I'll be a bit to talk
30:08about this.
30:09We can go to our camp.
30:10But...
30:11I'm going back to our camp.
30:13I'll be right back.
30:14We have another camp.
30:15We have enough food...
30:16We have to be at the center.
30:17We have enough to visit our camp.
30:18We have to be at the center.
30:19Wow.
30:20You know, the various measurements.
30:22But here was the case.
30:24The case ended up like this.
30:26If these were holding the bag, they were attached to the case.
30:42Is this a fork?
30:44Yes.
30:45Yes.
30:46Yes, yes.
30:47Yes, yes.
30:48Yes, yes.
30:49Oh.
30:50Good.
30:51Even if you're enjoying it.
30:54I like this thing.
30:57It's fresh.
30:59You're all the other.
31:02All right.
31:03All right.
31:04Give me this thing.
31:05Let's go.
31:06Yes.
31:07He's turned.
31:09Yes, he's turned.
31:10Yes, he's turned.
31:11He's turned.
31:12He's turned.
31:13It's amazing.
31:14How much has changed?
31:15He's turned.
31:16He's turned.
31:17He's turned.
31:18He's turned.
31:19He's turned.
31:20He's turned.
31:21He's turned.
31:22He's turned.
31:23Since I was in the world of the Edilicia,
31:27before I worked,
31:29you can use it.
31:32You can see
31:34the Edilicia,
31:37they've noticed it.
31:38They're also
31:41functional.
31:43So why change?
31:45They have three different measures.
31:48Yes.
31:49I can imagine
31:50they have already used it.
31:52It's not a coincidence
31:53that they are all in line.
31:54No, no.
31:55They are in position.
31:56Like our workers.
31:57Like our workers.
31:58Like our workers.
31:59They are definitely good.
32:00Forse it is better.
32:01Of course.
32:02Probably.
32:03...
32:04...
32:05...
32:06...
32:07...
32:08...
32:09...
32:09It was the one called
32:10the store,
32:12the store,
32:13the store,
32:14theiture,
32:15the car,
32:16the one called the house.
32:17That's right.
32:18It's now clear that builders were at work when the eruption occurred repairing the damage caused by the earthquakes
32:44Similar repairs were being carried out all over Pompeii
32:48Archaeologist Dr. Domenico Esposito is visiting a building known as the House of the Painters at Work
33:09Here there is clear evidence of how a group of Roman decorators were suddenly interrupted by the disaster
33:16This decorator was working in this room on the north wall exactly in the middle of the red panel
33:27Where he was realizing a big mythological scene
33:32I can still recognize some warriors
33:35Another colleague was preparing the wall for the black ground
33:42A third decorator was realizing part of the architectural frames that are enriching the decorations
33:53Domenico thinks it took four highly skilled painters and their assistants to restore the delicate frescoes
33:59Two of the four frames they were planning to realize are finished
34:08A third one is still unfinished but we can interestingly recognize the preparatory sketch used by the decorator
34:19This is for us an important clue of this restoring and redecorating the houses affected from the earthquakes
34:30When the eruption started the workers here fled
34:42Leaving behind not just their half-finished frescoes
34:48But also their paints
35:00Still in their original pots
35:03They left all their stuff on the side
35:07Trying to escape from the eruption
35:10It gave me the opportunity to understand exactly which tools they were using
35:22Which colors they were using to paint
35:28In that sense the house of painters at work is unique and extraordinary
35:36At the dig the team is unearthing evidence that the builders here also left in a hurry
36:06Invece I think that here we have reached the lowest level of this stratification of more moments of the cooking of this foliage
36:16Of this foliage
36:18More moments distinct in the time
36:21Of cenere, carbonium
36:26Look, look
36:30Look, this is an egg
36:33Forse of fish
36:35I put into a guscio
36:38I residui
36:39The tasto
36:40Right
36:41Looking
36:42Look
36:43Look
36:44Look
36:45This is an astragalus of maial
36:46So
36:47You see
36:48Look at this trace of macellation
36:49This trace of paste
36:50From the rest of the frozen!
36:51Apart from the context
36:52It's proprio macellation
36:53There is a nice
36:55Lots of
36:56The kennels here
36:58Well
37:00The обыч of the Roman period
37:02This is typical inICA
37:03The benefactment of the mayo
37:04This animal was the main animal, but it was very beautiful.
37:12Chiara, have you seen it?
37:14Oh, no.
37:16This is fish?
37:18Yes, also fish.
37:20Fish, no, no.
37:22One of them.
37:24It's probably the common people who could make this.
37:30Are these the remains of the Builder's last meal?
37:34Dr Erika Rowan is an expert in ancient food.
37:47She believes examining what the Romans were eating provides a window into their world.
37:56By studying food, you can kind of study almost any aspect of the ancient world.
38:00So you can look at politics, you can look at colonialism or imperial expansion.
38:04But then you can also look at what regular people are eating on a daily basis.
38:09It's a good lens with which to kind of look at life in the past.
38:15To really try and connect with their kind of lived experiences.
38:18The good glimpse into kind of ancient lives.
38:22Erica joins Chiara to investigate the remains of the ancient workers' meal.
38:35This is a small fragment of a fish.
38:39And look at this.
38:41It's a nice piece of action.
38:42Yeah.
38:43In Pompeii, to have this mix of ingredients seems to have been something quite common.
38:50Yeah.
38:51It's quite diverse and flavorful and even kind of regular people can afford quite a wide range of ingredients.
38:56For us?
38:57Yeah.
38:58And of course eggs, you can just, you know, hard boil them and carry them anywhere so they're a good snack while you're working.
39:02And we found this almost complete kind of cooking, not a pot, but a casserole dish.
39:13A shallow bowl.
39:14And it was located on the fireplace.
39:18So it's quite likely that they cooked this animal there.
39:22Oh yeah, you can see like the burn.
39:24Yeah, yeah.
39:25There are evidence of burning.
39:27I guess you can picture everyone's working and one guy goes to the side.
39:31Yeah.
39:32And he's just making lunch.
39:33Yeah.
39:34Yeah.
39:43You can imagine them where they've set up their kind of little lunch station every day.
39:47Somebody goes over and kind of lights the fire and gets it going and starts making food while the rest of them work.
39:53Somebody potentially just sitting on the stairs eating the pork, eating the chicken.
40:06And then kind of discarding the bones and thinking, oh, clean them up later when we're all finished.
40:12But of course that didn't happen.
40:19It was a particularly touching scene because it is entirely the norm.
40:24That is what people would do.
40:27That little moment in time that you can really kind of imagine their regular lives.
40:34As the dig continues, in the southwest corner of the atrium a fascinating fresco has come to light.
40:56come to light.
41:26In the centre is a food offering, with fruit, a cup of wine, and what looks like a
41:56pizza, one of the first frescoes of its kind found in a Pompeian house.
42:03I came to the excavation and somebody said to me, you know, after the oven, there's also
42:09the pizza, and I thought it was actually a joke.
42:13I didn't think there actually was something like a pizza.
42:18The fervor in the staff was huge and it grew more.
42:25So we had a moment to stop the activities to put in security this so precious thing.
42:33And it's clear that then, in that moment, my mind went a lot forward.
42:42What have they painted, what does it mean?
42:44If you look at it, it seems like a pizza from Naples, right?
42:58Some kind of bread or pita with some kind of fruits and other spices on it.
43:06It's something that might be considered a kind of ancestor of modern pizza, in the sense
43:13that it's a very simple, poor kind of food, but it then became part of this lavish decoration.
43:25It's simple food, but the quality of the painting is impressive.
43:34And close by, other colourful frescoes are starting to emerge.
43:41It's a good-sized atrium, so it presumably was a potentially wealthier household.
43:47But I do think it is aspirational, in that it wants to show possibly more wealth than they
43:52have or the wealth that they do have.
43:56I feel like they're aiming probably for kind of a luxurious look, because it's a big silver
44:00platter and then a big silver cup to show wealth.
44:05And there's a lot of detail and a lot of different colours, so a lot of effort has gone into it.
44:11It is unique, it is different, so it's obviously also a commission.
44:15So they have spent time and money and effort on it.
44:19It's a new fresco, because they hadn't finished the rest of the atrium.
44:24And of course, if they were just renovating it or redoing this room, presumably it's in
44:28the very last years before the eruption or maybe even AD 79 itself, if they were finishing
44:32the room.
44:37The quality of the pizza fresco suggests whoever owned this building wanted to impress visitors.
44:45Across Pompeii, experts have found evidence that bakeries were a route to wealth and social
44:52status.
44:57Professor John Clarke, an expert in ancient Roman art, has come to see a portrait found in another
45:03large Pompeian bakery.
45:10So, what's this picture doing in a bakery, because this is a man and a woman looking very fancy.
45:19The woman holds the diptych in her hand and the stylus to her chin and the man is wearing
45:26a toga, which is a sinus status.
45:33Commissioning a portrait of this quality was very expensive.
45:38These are two people who have made it.
45:40They had strived to make their bakery bigger, expanded it, and they were able to pay a very
45:51good portrait artist to make this painting.
45:54But, if you look at the upper part of the painting, then you see two people who are just like us,
46:02kind of, you know, they're ordinary and they wanted to look like they looked in life.
46:08At the time of the eruption, artists were making idealized images, even of ordinary people.
46:15But, what's so interesting here is that these two individuals said, no, we want to look like who we are.
46:24So, what we have here is almost the equivalent of a photograph, because it's showing all of the irregularities of the face.
46:34It's not all smoothed out and made perfect.
46:37It's not idealized.
46:39Their faces are faces of real people.
46:41And this is amazing, because what we see here is what people looked like 2,000 years ago.
46:51We can imagine the smell of the bread and the sound of the mills.
47:04We're looking at a time capsule from sometime right before the eruption of 79.
47:23What's amazing is that they're still here for us.
47:27They're speaking to us over almost 2,000 years.
47:30At the excavation, Valeria and her team looked for clues that could help identify the two bodies.
47:49Could they be the wealthy owners of the bakery who ordered the renovations and paid for the pizza fresco?
47:57They paid for the pizza fresco.
48:02Ah, ah, a coin.
48:04What did we say?
48:05A coin?
48:06We said that we didn't have anything.
48:07Here it is.
48:08It would have to be photographed immediately.
48:12It would have to be photographed immediately.
48:15It would have to be photographed immediately.
48:19What do you see?
48:24Do you see two?
48:26One on the other.
48:27They are attached.
48:28It's not even this one.
48:33What do you see?
48:35What do you see?
48:36What do you see?
48:37Do you see the price?
48:38Nothing.
48:39Do you see the price?
48:40Nothing.
48:41Do you see the price?
48:43Do you see the price?
48:44Do you see the price?
48:45They don't want the idea of rich patricks, even if they could have made rich patricks in a panificio?
48:50What do you see?
48:51The lack of personal possessions suggests these people were not the bakery owners,
49:02but enslaved workers.
49:04And after further analysis, Valeria thinks she can identify their age and sex.
49:21The first victim to be excavated was an elderly woman,
49:40and when I say an old age, I mean an old age,
49:47more than 55 years, which doesn't mean an old age, obviously.
49:56And digging further, Valeria uncovers a shocking new find.
50:03This is the femore.
50:06This is the left.
50:08The femore is tibia from the back.
50:11But the femore here is the opposite,
50:13so there is no atomic connection.
50:16The two crushed bodies are accompanied by tiny fragments of a third.
50:28This is an infant.
50:31Yes, yes, it's just a child.
50:33Look, this here is the tibia.
50:35It's just a little bit?
50:37Yes.
50:41Probably...
50:42It's not even said that we find the rest,
50:44because the upper part could have already removed it.
50:47This is not good.
50:50I've had five years.
50:51I'd say it's under five years.
50:52I'd say it's after five years.
50:54A little bit.
50:55Everybody twice.
50:57Yes.
51:01And above all I didn't expect a child,
51:03it was the last of my thoughts.
51:08Even because I have kids.
51:09also because I have children.
51:24Six months into the dig, Gennaro and the team
51:27have a clearer picture of the lives of the people
51:30who once lived and worked here.
51:33This large oven was part of a thriving commercial bakery.
51:39In a small room at the front of the building,
51:43three people, probably enslaved workers,
51:46were crushed by a collapsing ceiling.
51:49In the richly decorated atrium,
51:52the building owner had commissioned a unique fresco,
51:56and abandoned building materials complete with tools
51:59and the remains of a worker's last meal
52:02suggest these buildings were under reconstruction
52:05just before disaster struck.
52:09The fact that the house was built
52:13demonstrates that there is a project for the future.
52:16This means that there is a new beginning
52:22compared to the destruction
52:24that was the terremoto.
52:26There is a death
52:31that is a new beginning
52:32that is testimonied by a project
52:35to revive that house,
52:38but it was removed from the eruption of 1979.
52:4424 hours before the eruption,
53:00things would have started to change in Pompeii.
53:03There would have been a series of earthquakes shaking the city.
53:13There would be smells in the air,
53:15sulphur dioxide being expelled from the magma within the volcano.
53:20There would have been emissions of steam out of the volcano
53:25as magma rose through the volcano
53:27and actually came into contact with water.
53:30Animals, birds would have started to leave the area.
53:34They would have known something had changed.
53:36And then about an hour before the eruption,
53:41there was an emission of steam and ash from Vesuvius.
53:49Gases within the magma started to increase the pressure within the volcano,
53:53which at that time didn't have a crater but was covered by hard rock.
54:01Those pressures built and built and built,
54:04finally blowing the top off the volcano.
54:14Magma and rock surged out of the centre of that crater,
54:18going up a few tens of kilometres very quickly into the atmosphere.
54:24The people living in Pompeii at that moment
54:26would have known something was happening.
54:29But they wouldn't have heard anything straight away.
54:31And that's because the sound of the top of the volcano being blown off
54:35took 24 seconds to reach them.
54:38chaos broke out across the city.
54:54And now we can begin to picture the scene of terror
54:57that played out in the room at the front of the bakery.
55:00Two women and a small child came here to shelter from the hail of pumice and ash.
55:13When you see the despair of this child,
55:16the fear of this child is going to find the hands of the mother,
55:19which is probably for the抱ice of the mother,
55:20the fear of the mother for her life,
55:35and especially for the child.
55:38If you stop for a moment, it destabilizes you.
55:48They didn't know what was happening.
55:50Everything was dark.
55:51It started to rain.
55:53It's clear that the instinct was to escape or to refuge.
55:58So the choice of refuge was always the wrong one.
56:03It was wrong.
56:10As the pumice continued to rain down,
56:14after several hours,
56:17the ceiling collapsed,
56:20killing all three instantly.
56:33All over the city, people were facing the same life-or-death decision.
56:45Should they stay or should they go?
56:48But for two women and a child in a bakery near the Eastern Gate, it was too late.
57:03Next time, the team continues to unearth the glories of Pompeii.
57:19And a new investigation begins.
57:33Could anyone have survived the disaster?
57:37What if people got out?
57:40Did they go alone?
57:42Where might they have gone?
57:44Umm-
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