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00:00¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:30What has been taken by force has to be taken back by force.
00:35The Israelis, caught off guard and outnumbered almost 5 to 1,
00:40find themselves in a desperate fight for survival.
00:43They're facing a very different Egyptian army.
00:46This time, they're in for a very rude awakening.
00:50Two mighty tank forces clash in an epic 18-day battle.
00:55A battle that will determine the fate of the entire Middle East.
00:58There is no retreat.
01:01We have only one alternative.
01:03Victory.
01:03The Sinai Peninsula,
01:17¡Gracias!
01:47¡Gracias!
02:17¡Gracias!
02:47¡Gracias!
02:49¡Gracias!
02:51¡Gracias!
02:53As soon as the 1967 war ends,
02:55Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser
02:57begins completely rebuilding
02:59his battered army.
03:01It took Egypt
03:03a good six years
03:05of training,
03:07of training, hard training,
03:09restructuring
03:11of all the system
03:13in the army.
03:17By the fall of 1973
03:19it is a force of over
03:21300,000 well-trained men,
03:232,000
03:25artillery pieces,
03:27and 2,400
03:29tanks.
03:31But it will take
03:33more than just men and machines
03:35to beat the battle-hardened Israelis.
03:37The Egyptians know
03:39that they need to catch Israel by
03:41surprise.
03:43The Egyptians develop a plan
03:45and they develop one of the most remarkable
03:47deception campaigns
03:49of the last 100 years.
03:51They practice forming
03:53up their units,
03:55driving to the canal,
03:57and then they practice the canal crossing itself.
03:59And they do it over
04:01and over and over again.
04:03So over the course of time,
04:05the Israelis just come to expect it.
04:07It just becomes a part of the scenery.
04:09Beyond that,
04:11the Israelis have grown complacent
04:13in their defensive positions
04:15and believe the Egyptians pose
04:17no serious threat.
04:19Since the Six-Day War,
04:21after such a famous victory,
04:23the Israeli army
04:25became to be too arrogant.
04:27They believe something
04:29that wasn't true.
04:31They believe that the Egyptians
04:33doesn't know how to fight
04:35or the Arab doesn't know how to fight
04:37and will never fight successfully.
04:39In October 1973,
04:41all the Israeli defense force
04:43has to defend its 200-kilometer Sinai front
04:47are 18,000 men,
04:49100 artillery pieces,
04:51and less than 300 tanks.
04:55A tiny defensive force,
04:59woefully ill-prepared for battle.
05:01And on October 6, 1973,
05:05Egypt and their Syrian allies
05:07launch an immense two-front offensive
05:09against Israel.
05:15In the opening hours of the attack,
05:17Israeli forces are quickly routed.
05:19On the northern front,
05:21masses of Syrian armor
05:23steadily advance
05:25into the Golan Heights.
05:27And on the Sinai front,
05:29the situation for the Israelis
05:31is even more desperate.
05:33My brigade was the only brigade
05:35along the Suez Canal
05:37responsible for
05:39a front of 200-kilometer.
05:43Egyptian aircraft were bombing.
05:552200 artillery guns were firing ammunition.
06:09The feeling was like,
06:11the desert is moving,
06:15like earthquake.
06:17I had 88 tanks.
06:23And 850 Egyptian tanks
06:27were crossing the Suez Canal.
06:29The tanks bearing down
06:31by the hundreds on Reshev and his men
06:33are Soviet-designed T-55s.
06:37At 36 tons,
06:39the T-55 is relatively small,
06:41but it can move
06:43at up to 50 kilometers per hour
06:45and is armed with a 100-millimeter
06:47main cannon,
06:49providing a perfect balance
06:50of speed and deadly firepower.
07:01Immediately,
07:03we had our first casualties over them.
07:09We tried to avoid them
07:11from crossing,
07:13but the ratio
07:15between their forces
07:17and our forces
07:19were unthinkable.
07:21In response,
07:29the Israelis send their elite air force
07:31to smash the advancing
07:33Egyptian invaders.
07:37The Israelis,
07:38they always depend
07:39on their quick
07:41and effective air strike.
07:43So the first lesson
07:45the Egyptians consider
07:47is how to alienate
07:49the Israeli air strike.
07:53By surface-to-air missile.
07:55By creating what we call
07:56the wall.
07:57A rocket wall.
08:01In the first two days,
08:03the Israeli Air Force lost
08:04more than one-third
08:05of its airplanes.
08:07So they decided to stop
08:08any air strike at all.
08:11With the Israeli Air Force neutralized,
08:14the Egyptians can begin
08:16the most difficult
08:17and dangerous phase
08:18of their operation,
08:19the crossing
08:20of the Suez Canal.
08:22The minute you just see
08:23the canal,
08:24you can just have tears
08:26because it was just
08:27a great feeling
08:28that you get this
08:29piece of land back.
08:32The Egyptian crossing
08:33of Suez
08:34is an absolutely brilliant
08:35military operation.
08:39They have figured out
08:40every aspect
08:41of the canal crossing.
08:43They know that
08:44the Israelis
08:45are reliant
08:46on these huge sand barriers
08:47to try to keep
08:48the Egyptians away.
08:49And they develop
08:51high-powered water hoses
08:53that allow them
08:54to effectively just
08:55spray holes
08:56using water
08:57to erode the sand
08:59and cut passages
09:00through these
09:01Israeli sand burps.
09:02The Egyptian operation has gone
09:04like clockwork.
09:05And in the first 18 hours
09:06of the attack,
09:07they send 90,000 men
09:08and 850 tanks
09:09across the Suez Canal.
09:11By the end of the day,
09:12the Egyptians have advanced
09:13almost eight kilometers
09:14into the Sinai.
09:15Now all that stands between the Egyptian invasion force
09:18and the Israeli heartland
09:19are a couple of hundred tanks,
09:20most of which are just arriving
09:21on the battlefield
09:22as part of the IDF's armored reserves.
09:25The Israeli armored reserves in Sinai
09:27immediately do what they have been trained,
09:28taught, ordered to do,
09:29counterattack.
09:30This time,
09:31they're in for a very rude awakening.
09:34They're in for
09:35a very rude awakening.
09:36Through the world
09:37that have advanced
09:38almost eight kilometers
09:39advanced almost eight kilometers
09:40into the Sinai.
09:41Now all that stands
09:42between the Egyptian invasion force
09:43and the Israeli heartland
09:44are a couple of hundred tanks,
09:45most of which are just
09:46arriving on the battlefield
09:49as part of the IDF's armored reserves.
09:51The Israeli armored reserves
09:52in Sinai immediately do
09:53october 6 1973
10:03after a massive artillery barrage
10:06and wave after wave of airstrikes
10:08hundreds of egyptian tanks surge across the suez canal
10:12and storm into the israeli occupied sinai desert
10:16the feeling what is
10:20the desert is
10:22moving like earthquake
10:28the handful of israelis defending the two hundred kilometer front
10:32are caught off guard
10:33and quickly overwhelmed
10:36and by the end of the day
10:37the egyptians have advanced eight kilometers into the sinai
10:42desperate to staunch the egyptian invasion
10:44israel calls up its armored reserves
10:47and by october 8th
10:48they are ready to strike back
10:50the israeli armored reserves in sinai immediately do what they have been trained, taught, ordered to do
10:57counterattack
10:59the israeli plan calls for the lead elements of their reserve forces
11:03one hundred tanks strong to attack straight into egyptian positions
11:08break up their formations and force them back across the canal
11:12leading the 217th preserve armoured brigade against egyptian positions near the ferdan bridge
11:18the next day on the 8th i received an order to move southward and to attack
11:28on my left
11:37another tank brigade was supposed to attack
11:40but when i got my orders to attack towards the ferdan
11:47there were no forces on my left
11:54when we approached to about 600 meters from the direction of the canal
11:59we encountered an inferno of sharing
12:06a tank division and an infantry division with tanks were already on our side of the canal
12:11they sat on our sand ramparts on our side of the canal and hunted us
12:18we started the attack without artillery
12:26we started the attack without artillery
12:43without air support and the whole attack depended on tanks
12:53it was the first time we understood that the egyptians were equipped with thousands of Sager missiles
13:00the AT-3 Sager is a soviet designed portable anti-tank guided missile
13:08fitted with a 2.6 kilogram warhead
13:11the Sager can penetrate 200 millimeters of armor
13:14it ranges up to three kilometers
13:16but its most deadly feature is a wire guidance system
13:20which allows the operator to steer the missile all the way to the target
13:27the operator has an optical sight
13:31and concentrates on the target
13:34fires the missile
13:37and using a joystick
13:39literally direct the missile onto the target at distance
13:43it's effective
13:47and it allows egyptian Sager operators
13:50to fire volleys of missiles with a fairly good hit rate
13:58so that the small numbers of israeli tanks that are charging at them
14:02wind up suffering heavy casualties
14:05much heavier than they had ever expected
14:07the battalion faced mainly Sager missiles
14:14they did a job on my brigade
14:22I gave an order to retreat
14:34this is the only time in my life
14:36that I gave such an order
14:43out of the approximately 22 tanks
14:46six got out
14:48and the rest
14:49were all destroyed
14:58this was a different army
15:00this was not the same army I fought against
15:03in the six day war
15:04this was not the same army I fought against
15:05in the six day war
15:07they crushed the Israeli counter-attack on October 8th
15:18crushed completely
15:20this is an unbelievable victory by the Egyptians
15:24something that they have never achieved beforehand
15:27and it is a stunning reversal for the Israelis
15:30by nightfall on October 8th
15:34Egyptian forces have widened their bridge head
15:37almost ten kilometers into the Sinai
15:40the ferocity and magnitude of the attack
15:43has forced most of the Israelis back
15:45but a few remain trapped
15:47deep behind Egyptian lines
15:53we came to the conclusion
15:56that we have to try to evacuate the people
16:01from this position
16:03on the Suez Canal
16:07the problem was
16:08that
16:09between
16:11this position
16:13and us
16:14there were
16:16five
16:17in fourth
16:18infantry
16:20division
16:21with
16:22about
16:231,500
16:24tanks
16:27we moved
16:28my tank
16:29my tank was
16:30the left one
16:31Shaul was
16:32next to me
16:36when
16:37we entered in
16:38the Egyptians
16:39opened fire
16:44I saw
16:47sagas
16:48moving
16:49towards
16:50my tank
16:53so you see a kind of fireball
16:55moving towards you
16:57towards you
17:01and when I saw
17:02a missile coming to me
17:04I was breaking
17:06my direction
17:12and they missed my tank
17:16and on my tank
17:17there were some cables
17:18of the Sager
17:21after
17:28two
17:29three minutes
17:30I saw
17:31a group
17:32of thirty
17:33people
17:34on one of the dunes
17:35and when I came to the range of
17:38one hundred meters
17:39or so
17:40I realized that they were Egyptian
17:42and then I had my my own personal fight
17:49because it was either them or me
17:58I used my machine gun
18:01grenades
18:02and then I had to go over them with my tank
18:12and I killed all these twenty people
18:17then I realized that I was by myself
18:27I took my binocular
18:29watching and I saw a monster moving
18:34a gun
18:36and
18:38something undefined
18:39and then I realized that they were soldiers on a tank
18:52Shaul took all the thirty-three of them
18:55on his tank
18:57and moved out
18:58with their frontline soldiers rescued
19:01the Israelis fall back to defensive positions
19:05near the strategically important passes through the Sinai Mountains
19:11from the ninth a new phase begins
19:15in which we are on the defensive
19:17without any offensive intentions
19:20not to see contact
19:21but to rebuild our force
19:23as the Israelis pause to regroup
19:29the Egyptians prepare for an enormous armoured offensive
19:33one they hope will drive their enemy out of the Sinai
19:37for good
19:49October 14th 1973
19:51in just over a week
19:54Egyptian forces have pushed 10 kilometers deep into the Sinai
19:58and easily repel every Israeli attempt at counter-attack
20:02the southern front of the October war
20:06the Egyptians are doing well
20:08their cross canal operation has worked
20:10they've pushed into Sinai
20:12but they have a problem
20:14their ally Syria
20:16Syria is not experiencing the same degree of success
20:18Syrian forces have not only failed to secure their objectives on the Golan
20:28the Israelis are now smashing them
20:30Hoping to draw Israeli forces away from their Syrian allies
20:33the Egyptians launch a massive armoured offensive in the Sinai
20:36Their plan, attack with two armoured divisions in a gigantic pincer movement
20:52aimed at smashing the Israeli forces guarding the passes through the Sinai Mountains
20:56At first light on October 14th, 1,000 Egyptian tanks advance towards Israeli lines
21:10when the Egyptians renew their offensive on October 14th
21:15the attack that they launch is the absolute antithesis of the attacks that they had launched on October 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th
21:25this time around, they don't have that same plan
21:28the Egyptians simply lumber forward in the kind of clumsy frontal assaults that they had been famous for in 67
21:36and this time around, the Israelis are waiting
21:40we received an alert that on the 14th, the 21st Egyptian Armoured Division will cross the canal and try to advance and capture territory
21:43we received an alert that on the 14th, the 21st Egyptian Armoured Division will cross the canal and try to advance and capture territory
22:00very early in the morning, we were under a terrible artillery fire
22:06when the smoke cleared, the first tanks of the brigade that were opposite us were already upon us
22:18first of all, we knew they were coming
22:25we waited for them
22:27we waited for them
22:31I saw hundreds of tanks moving forward
22:42tsunami
22:45a huge wave moving towards you
22:49and I said, oh God, how can I stop them?
22:52and I stopped them
22:58it is like a wild west duel
23:02the first to draw stays alive
23:05he is alive
23:09they moved into our position
23:13and we fired on one thing after the other
23:20every tank was behind camouflage on a hill and only the guns were sticking out
23:37from the start, in such a situation, when they are in motion and we choose the firing positions, that gives us a huge advantage
23:39here is the case where our quality, gunnery quality is important
24:00one of the Israeli's main battle tanks is a modified version of the American M-48 Patton, known as the Magok
24:12it is well protected with 120mm of frontal armour
24:17and has a 105mm cannon that can accurately hit targets at ranges of up to 3.5km
24:21the superb guns on the tanks that the Israelis are deploying in Sinai allow them to begin hitting and killing the Egyptian tanks
24:36long before the Egyptians are able to start destroying Israeli tanks
24:42the Israelis have become expert at long-range gunnery
24:49we were fighting very accurately
24:56aiming and destroying tank by tank
24:59tank by tank
25:03all the Egyptian tanks
25:05were in the
25:08area which was dominated by us
25:12were destroyed
25:13within simply a matter of hours
25:29the entire Egyptian attack has been completely unhinged
25:34and they lost in this one day around 250 tanks
25:40we felt
25:43the first time
25:45that we can make it
25:47for the Egyptians the promise of victory now gives way to the reality of defeat
25:54and Sadat orders his battered armoured divisions to fall back to defensive positions
26:00but these positions are vulnerable
26:04when originally formed the Egyptians left a dangerous gap between their second army and the great bitter lake
26:12Israel is now ready to grab the initiative and go back on the offensive
26:17and they use this piece of information, this gap, this scene, to plan their counter offensive
26:24the Israeli plan is get to the canal, cross over it to get behind the Egyptian formations
26:30and to be able to tear them up from the inside out
26:37October 14th 1973
26:41in an effort to finally achieve victory in the Sinai
26:45Egyptian forces launch a massive armoured assault
26:49over 1,000 tanks strong against the Israeli defenders
26:51but in less than a day the Israelis destroy 260 enemy tanks forcing the Egyptians to pull back towards the Suez Canal
27:08but the Egyptians have left a gap in their lines
27:18giving the Israelis an opening to advance to the canal
27:23the Israeli plan is get to the canal, cross over it to get behind the Egyptian formations
27:29and to be able to tear them up from the inside out
27:36Before the Israelis can cross the canal, they must secure their flank against the Egyptian 2nd Army
27:44positioned a few kilometres north in a small agricultural area called the Chinese Farm
27:50We didn't know exactly where the enemy positions were located
28:03When I entered into the area which was north to the Chinese Farm
28:10I realized that I am in hell
28:14Israelis perhaps have bit off more than they could shoot
28:19because they are in the midst of not only a heavily reinforced Egyptian infantry division
28:25they are also in the middle of an Egyptian armoured division
28:30hundreds of Egyptian soldiers were firing
28:49there were tanks
28:55anti-tank guns
28:57a lot of action
29:01a lot of action
29:06I was fighting against two divisions
29:14the ratio
29:16was unthinkable
29:18so I was firing
29:26with my machine gun
29:28grenades
29:29with my cannon
29:31I realized that I am in hell
29:35we were all these hours under such a pressure of Egyptian tanks, infantry
29:46infantry
29:47everything
29:48everything
29:55we could see a wave of tanks
29:58trying to recapture
30:01the position that we already captured
30:03after about half an hour
30:14I saw five tanks
30:17in the range of 50 meters
30:21when they came to the range of 30 meters
30:23I realized that they are Egyptian tanks
30:24when they came to the range of 30 meters
30:29I realized that they are Egyptian tanks
30:34and we fired five very high speed rounds
30:39puck, puck, puck, puck, puck, puck, puck
30:51we destroyed all the five tanks
30:53we fought all the night
31:12we fought all the night
31:15with Egyptian units and tanks
31:18with Egyptian units and tanks
31:23the range between the Egyptian tanks and my tanks
31:28was sometime half a meter
31:31meter
31:34fire
31:36darkness
31:37blood
31:38authentically
31:41when the catch is running
31:43the Allies
31:48the priorities
31:49there is no better description
31:51like
31:52the real Hell
31:55I lost
31:57121
31:58soldered
32:02and
32:03a lot of commanders
32:05in that terrible night
32:06La batalla de China va a durar más tres días y cuando es finalmente terminado,
32:15cientos de destruidos de Israel y de Egipto en la batalla de la batalla.
32:26El precio de la prensa de los israelíes clears el camino para la tasca de avanzar a la canal.
32:32Y ellos inmediatamente comenzaron a trabajar en la construcción de la brecha,
32:37pero los egyptianos se reactan rápidamente.
32:40El egyptianos finalmente encontraron la brecha y eso es cuando el inferno comenzó.
32:49El brecha se quedó en flames.
32:57Todo estaba burning.
32:59Recuerda cómo va a llamar Baal.
33:07It has been 11 days since Egypt launched a massive offensive into the Israeli-occupied Sinai.
33:13After hundreds of tanks are destroyed and thousands of men killed.
33:21On October 17th, the Israelis are finally ready for their attack into Egypt.
33:29Their plan, using temporary bridges, sent three armoured divisions across the Suez Canal and into central Egypt,
33:37where they can attack Egyptian forces from the rear and even threaten the capital of Cairo.
33:44I understood that if the Grand Division will not cross the canal and we will not be on the other side of the canal in Africa or Egypt,
33:57we will lose the world.
33:59All what we have done, all what we have done, gang.
34:06By 4 p.m. I told everyone the bridge is ready, go ahead.
34:14The Egyptians at this stage were in complete shock.
34:21And the Egyptians started to understand.
34:28It was a raid.
34:30The Egyptians finally found the bridge head.
34:35And that's when the inferno began.
34:37Pain started and the devil started to walk.
34:53In this operation where we lost more than 100 people, it was under every fire all the way.
35:07The bridge head went up in flames.
35:12Everything was burning.
35:21From the heavy shelling, people were buried alive.
35:31There was very heavy fire.
35:33Egyptian helicopters dropped barrels full of explosives.
35:41People were dying, you know, were injured.
35:46And that was a real heavy.
35:52It was the longest night ever in my life.
35:59I was not afraid to die.
36:01I was afraid if this mission would not be accomplished.
36:08And we succeeded.
36:10The Egyptian response to Israeli tanks on the western banks of the canal is both immediate and lethal.
36:17Their plan, attack from the south with a massive armoured column aimed at cutting off and trapping the Israelis.
36:23The Israelis, they have to go between the two Egyptian armies for a long distance, for like 50 or 60 km, and became very vulnerable to any Egyptian attack.
36:36For the attack, the Egyptians send their elite, the Egyptians send their elite 25th Armoured Brigade, 100 of their most modern Soviet-designed tanks, straight into the vulnerable rear of the Israeli bridge head.
36:49October 17th, 1973, 1973, after 11 days of bloody fighting, Israeli forces finally fight their way across the Suez Canal.
37:04And begin their invasion of Egypt.
37:20Desperate to stem the flow of Israeli tanks across the canal, Egypt counterattacks with its elite 25th Armoured Brigade.
37:33Their plan is to push north in a massive armoured column and destroy the Israeli rear guard, cutting off Israeli forces west of the canal.
37:40A brand new brigade armed with the most advanced Soviet T-62 tanks is now pushing northwards along the Great Bitter Lake.
37:53Brené Dan turns southward and hustles down with his division, puts them in place in an L-shaped ambush.
38:01Our tank came.
38:03The first position of our tanks was about 3 km from the canal.
38:07They were camouflaged, so the Egyptians couldn't see them.
38:18Advancing straight into the ambush are 100 Soviet-designed T-62 tanks.
38:26In 1973, the T-62 is considered one of the best tanks in the world.
38:31It is well protected with over 100mm of frontal armour and carries a 115mm smoothbore cannon, a powerful and deadly accurate main gun that can easily destroy an Israeli tank, especially at close range.
38:48But I don't want our men to move. I don't want the Egyptians to feel anything. I want them to enter, enter, enter the zone of destruction.
38:58Once the entire Egyptian Brigade entered the ambush area, I gave the order to fire.
39:07Natke set their tanks on fire, one after the other.
39:18The Egyptians, I can see the battle. The Egyptians tried to counter-attack from the top to bottom. They didn't have a chance.
39:31They tried to fire several shots. But listen, the ambush was lethal.
39:49After two hours, there were a few tanks left that tried to escape.
39:52It was a big mess. Some of them drove back towards the bitter lake and they ran into a minefield.
40:09In two hours, we destroyed the Egyptian 25th Brigade. Almost all of it.
40:14Five tanks were able to escape back.
40:32After we finished this ambush, I told my division commander to erase the Egyptian 25th Brigade from the enemy territory.
40:41It's a duck over here.
40:50With the destruction of the 25th Brigade, the Egyptians lose any hope of stopping the Israeli advance into the Egyptian heartland.
41:01By the next morning, the Israelis have elements of two armored divisions, almost 200 tanks, west of the Suez Canal.
41:08By October 24th, the Israelis have advanced to within 100 kilometers of Cairo, and have encircled the third Egyptian army.
41:23The Israelis have done what they need to do. They have the third army trapped, and they know that that is the most important bargaining tool that they need to bring the war to an end on their terms.
41:34And so they agreed to a cease-fire.
41:39It would take another five years of negotiations before Israel finally returns the Sinai to Egypt.
41:50For the Egyptians, it is a great victory.
41:52The anniversary is a moment to remember our dignity that was retrieved in 1973.
41:59Honor the people who worked hard for six or seven years to make this victory happen.
42:06Anwar Sadat gets everything that he wanted.
42:08Anwar Sadat gets everything that he wanted.
42:11The Sinai is returned to Egypt, and Anwar Sadat is seen by the Egyptian people as the great victor of Harba al-Octobr, of the October War, the man who regained Sinai for Egypt.
42:23But Egypt is not alone in declaring victory, as Israel has its own cause to celebrate.
42:34They attacked us, and we won in the most difficult possible conditions.
42:44The Egyptian army was crushed.
42:46The fight that Israel underwent in 1973 is a great victory for Israel, but it is a traumatic experience.
42:59We had nearly 3,000 casualties in this war.
43:10For us, this is an enormous number.
43:16There is no Israel, after 1973, who wants to go through that again.
43:21And that convinces Israel, too, that the best answer to their situation with Egypt is to simply make peace.
43:34To be continued...
43:35To be continued...
44:04To be continued...
44:05To be continued...
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