⚡️ Arte-Doku: Droht uns der digitale Blackout? KI und Internet am Limit 🖨️
👩🏾💻 BLACKOUT DIGITALE HÖLLE: ARTE deckt auf! Leben ohne Strom, Internet & GPS –
Sind wir am Ende?
Droht der digitale Blackout? KI und Internet am Limit
BLACKOUT DIGITALE HÖLLE: ARTE deckt auf! Leben ohne Strom, Internet & GPS – Sind wir am Ende?
Die Welt, in der wir leben, ist ein komplexes, hochgradig vernetztes System. Von der Wasserversorgung über die Finanzmärkte bis hin zur Kommunikation – fast alles wird digital gesteuert. Doch was passiert, wenn dieses empfindliche Geflecht reißt? Die #ARTE-Dokumentation "Droht uns der digitale Blackout?" untersucht die schockierende Verwundbarkeit unserer modernen Zivilisation.
Experten sind sich einig: Ein großflächiger, länger andauernder Ausfall kritischer digitaler Infrastrukturen ist kein Science-Fiction-Szenario mehr, sondern eine reale Bedrohung. Die Ursachen könnten vielfältig sein: Ein gezielter Cyberangriff durch feindliche Staaten, eine massive Sonneneruption, die unsere Satelliten lahmlegt, oder ein Kaskadeneffekt, ausgelöst durch einen flächendeckenden Stromausfall (Blackout).
Die Sendung führt uns mitten in die Abhängigkeitsfallen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Wie lange würde eine Großstadt ohne digitale Kommunikation und Logistik überleben? Was bedeutet der Ausfall des GPS-Signals für Verkehr, Schifffahrt und Landwirtschaft? Und wie schnell würden Bargeld, Krankenversorgung und die Lebensmittelversorgung zusammenbrechen?
Wir sprechen mit IT-Sicherheitsexperten, Katastrophenschutzbeauftragten und Zukunftsforschern. Die erschreckende Bilanz: Die meisten Staaten und Unternehmen sind nicht ausreichend auf eine solche Krise vorbereitet. Die Dokumentation ist ein dringender Appell, die digitale Resilienz unserer Gesellschaft zu stärken und zeigt konkrete Lösungsansätze auf.
Seien Sie dabei und erfahren Sie, wie Sie sich persönlich auf den Ernstfall vorbereiten können, bevor das Licht (und das Netz) ausgeht.
#DigitalBlackout,
#ArteDoku,
#Cyberangriff,
#Stromausfall,
#Blackout,
#KritischeInfrastruktur,
#Zukunft,
#Vorsorge,
#Katastrophenschutz,
#NetzwerkSicherheit,
#Cyberwar,
#Dunkeldeutschland,
#Digitalisierung,
#Krisenvorsorge,
#Notfallplan,
#GPSAusfall,
#ITSecurity,
#Resilienz,
#Krise,
#Vulnerabilität,
#DigitalisierungGefahr,
#Arte,
#Dokumentation,
DigitalBlackout,
ArteDoku,
Cyberangriff,
Stromausfall,
Blackout,
KritischeInfrastruktur,
Zukunft,
Vorsorge,
Katastrophenschutz,
NetzwerkSicherheit,
Cyberwar,
Dunkeldeutschland,
Digitalisierung,
Krisenvorsorge,
Notfallplan,
GPSAusfall,
ITSecurity,
Resilienz,
Krise,
Vulnerabilität,
DigitalisierungGefahr,
Arte,
Dokumentation,
Droht der digitale Blackout,
KI und Internet am Limit
👩🏾💻 BLACKOUT DIGITALE HÖLLE: ARTE deckt auf! Leben ohne Strom, Internet & GPS –
Sind wir am Ende?
Droht der digitale Blackout? KI und Internet am Limit
BLACKOUT DIGITALE HÖLLE: ARTE deckt auf! Leben ohne Strom, Internet & GPS – Sind wir am Ende?
Die Welt, in der wir leben, ist ein komplexes, hochgradig vernetztes System. Von der Wasserversorgung über die Finanzmärkte bis hin zur Kommunikation – fast alles wird digital gesteuert. Doch was passiert, wenn dieses empfindliche Geflecht reißt? Die #ARTE-Dokumentation "Droht uns der digitale Blackout?" untersucht die schockierende Verwundbarkeit unserer modernen Zivilisation.
Experten sind sich einig: Ein großflächiger, länger andauernder Ausfall kritischer digitaler Infrastrukturen ist kein Science-Fiction-Szenario mehr, sondern eine reale Bedrohung. Die Ursachen könnten vielfältig sein: Ein gezielter Cyberangriff durch feindliche Staaten, eine massive Sonneneruption, die unsere Satelliten lahmlegt, oder ein Kaskadeneffekt, ausgelöst durch einen flächendeckenden Stromausfall (Blackout).
Die Sendung führt uns mitten in die Abhängigkeitsfallen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Wie lange würde eine Großstadt ohne digitale Kommunikation und Logistik überleben? Was bedeutet der Ausfall des GPS-Signals für Verkehr, Schifffahrt und Landwirtschaft? Und wie schnell würden Bargeld, Krankenversorgung und die Lebensmittelversorgung zusammenbrechen?
Wir sprechen mit IT-Sicherheitsexperten, Katastrophenschutzbeauftragten und Zukunftsforschern. Die erschreckende Bilanz: Die meisten Staaten und Unternehmen sind nicht ausreichend auf eine solche Krise vorbereitet. Die Dokumentation ist ein dringender Appell, die digitale Resilienz unserer Gesellschaft zu stärken und zeigt konkrete Lösungsansätze auf.
Seien Sie dabei und erfahren Sie, wie Sie sich persönlich auf den Ernstfall vorbereiten können, bevor das Licht (und das Netz) ausgeht.
#DigitalBlackout,
#ArteDoku,
#Cyberangriff,
#Stromausfall,
#Blackout,
#KritischeInfrastruktur,
#Zukunft,
#Vorsorge,
#Katastrophenschutz,
#NetzwerkSicherheit,
#Cyberwar,
#Dunkeldeutschland,
#Digitalisierung,
#Krisenvorsorge,
#Notfallplan,
#GPSAusfall,
#ITSecurity,
#Resilienz,
#Krise,
#Vulnerabilität,
#DigitalisierungGefahr,
#Arte,
#Dokumentation,
DigitalBlackout,
ArteDoku,
Cyberangriff,
Stromausfall,
Blackout,
KritischeInfrastruktur,
Zukunft,
Vorsorge,
Katastrophenschutz,
NetzwerkSicherheit,
Cyberwar,
Dunkeldeutschland,
Digitalisierung,
Krisenvorsorge,
Notfallplan,
GPSAusfall,
ITSecurity,
Resilienz,
Krise,
Vulnerabilität,
DigitalisierungGefahr,
Arte,
Dokumentation,
Droht der digitale Blackout,
KI und Internet am Limit
Kategorie
🛠️
LifestyleTranskript
00:00When we browse the internet, it's very busy here.
00:09Because even though the cloud sounds so nice and vague, there's real hardware behind it.
00:16Giant data centers and thick undersea cables. And they are vulnerable.
00:23Espionage and sabotage are separated by only two clicks.
00:26Once you have managed to infiltrate a system and extract information, it is then not very difficult to disrupt the system.
00:34Could this lead to a total digital collapse? A nightmare scenario for the economy and society.
00:41But a kind of war is already raging on the seabed.
00:49They threaten us by saying, "We know your infrastructure, we know your dependency."
00:55We have the capability to act, and in the event of an open crisis, we will not hesitate to attack your infrastructure.
01:06And then there's also the threat of a power outage.
01:10The internet is already a huge energy hog.
01:12And artificial intelligence only makes the environmental problem worse.
01:16Even hardware manufacturers can no longer keep up with the demand for data.
01:20The technology is here and we won't be able to stop it.
01:28We must make sure that we control them and not the other way around.
01:33We can no longer do without the internet and AI, and we don't want to.
01:38This is where geopolitics meets science.
01:40Attention, attention!
02:06Attention, attention! Total internet outage. Stay calm.
02:14Stay at home until traffic control, hospital and airport operations are restored.
02:22We are searching for the cause of the digital blackout.
02:28Cashless payments and ATM withdrawals are currently not possible.
02:32European security authorities are reporting massive acts of sabotage on the submarine cable and fiber optic network and assume a political motive.
02:50Such attacks are already a reality today. Ships of the so-called Russian shadow fleet are suspected of sabotaging submarine cables in the Baltic Sea.
03:02One example: the data line between Finland and Germany.
03:09Finnish authorities suspect that a ship deliberately damaged the cable with the anchor, which is marked on all nautical charts.
03:16Just under a month later, another cable between Finland and Estonia is cut.
03:22This time the ship will be impounded.
03:23Ignoring the problem? Not an option.
03:33France was one of the first EU countries to recognize this.
03:36With nine underwater robots, the French Navy is preparing for the simmering war on the seabed.
03:49Because with the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine, hybrid attacks in the deep sea are also escalating.
03:56More towards the maximum. Can you reach the pliers, or should I leave it on the hook? It's almost touching the bottom.
04:03In a bay near Saint-Tropez, where the jet set congregates in the summer, lies a special ship with which the navy trains the use of an underwater robot, a so-called Rove.
04:19It can operate at depths of up to 4000 meters.
04:22Originally designed for scientific purposes, the roves now also serve a defensive function.
04:30The multi-purpose vehicles are helping Rear Admiral Cédric Chitay with his mission.
04:35He commands the French Navy's seabed warfare forces.
04:41In the navy, we already have equipment for use at shallower depths.
04:47And here we are now training on a deep-sea diving robot with higher precision and for more complicated missions.
04:55This training is part of our offensive in the area of submarine cables.
05:04Should we ever identify something suspicious, such as a sabotage device, this underwater robot will allow us to intervene.
05:11We are currently in a very crucial phase, in which crises are escalating worldwide and, consequently, political engagement is increasing.
05:22To be prepared for all scenarios, sonar systems are also used.
05:28They record sounds along the cables. This allows an attack to be proven.
05:35In the future, so-called smart cables will be laid, which will independently collect data.
05:40This is good for research and counter-espionage.
05:46But first, several such Rolfs of French manufacture are to be acquired, which are expected to reach a depth of 6000 meters.
05:54We observe that certain powers, which we describe as strategic competitors of France and Europe,
06:11possess very large capacities to sabotage the basic infrastructure.
06:16These countries are sending us very clear signals.
06:22They threaten us by saying, "We know your infrastructure, we know your dependency."
06:28We have the capability to act, and in the event of an open crisis, we will not hesitate to attack your infrastructure.
06:35It's about Europe's invulnerability in data traffic.
06:46And that also applies to our Western democracies.
06:49For this purpose, France maintains the largest fleet of cable-laying vessels.
06:58Of the 60 examples worldwide, one in five sails under the French flag.
07:03We are therefore responding clearly to this threat by being able to recognize it, counteract it and avert it, and do the same to the opponent.
07:18Besides Russia, the Chinese government has also recognized the seabed as a battleground in cyber warfare.
07:24On this front, Europe is primarily defending economic interests.
07:33Global data streams converge in Frankfurt am Main.
07:39This is therefore where one of the world's largest internet exchange points is located.
07:43The D-Kicks.
07:49Thomas King is the technical director of the German node.
07:53In the server room, data from submarine cables from all over the world arrives and is redistributed.
07:59A robot handles the switching.
08:03Submarine cables are the nervous system for global interconnection, because all the data flows through them, for example, data leaving Europe, going to the USA or to Asia.
08:14Given the large amounts of data we want to exchange nowadays, especially when considering videos, the focus has been heavily on submarine cables.
08:23Over 95 percent of the world's data flows through fiber optics.
08:30Satellites could not achieve this, would be significantly more expensive, and the time delay, the so-called latency, would be higher.
08:37Here you can see a network map; this is the section showing Europe.
08:44There you can see the various data lines we are using, for example the submarine cable to New York.
08:51The different colors also indicate how heavily these lines are used.
08:56And what if a malfunction occurs here?
08:58Then it will be recorded in our monitoring system.
09:01Here you can see that the connection to Perlermo is now faulty.
09:05In this example, the patch robot would now physically switch the connection from the defective line to a working line.
09:17Only these reserves guarantee a stable network.
09:20In optical fibers, data travels at the speed of light, as ultrashort laser pulses.
09:33Put simply, a flash of light, a bit. And several billion of them per second.
09:39Wherever possible, the cables are laid on land.
09:53If they have to cross the sea, convenient starting points are needed.
09:57For example, in Brittany.
09:58From these landing stations, they run deep along the seabed, where a multitude of such cables forms the backbone of the internet.
10:25Most connections exist between Europe and the sea.
10:28There are approximately 500 submarine cables worldwide.
10:33A total of approximately 1.4 million kilometers.
10:38There are also a lot of cables running between California and Japan.
10:43The rest are mostly individual power lines located near the coast.
10:48China is catching up in the cable business and is also connecting African countries to the internet.
10:54But France is still one of the market leaders.
10:58The Sophie Germain is the world's newest cable-laying vessel.
11:11It was put into service in 2023.
11:14Today Romain Pastorelli has to pull a broken data cable out of the water.
11:21Ultimately, it's a kind of fishing. We don't know if we have the cable until the hook pulls it on board.
11:30The damaged area is known. The gripping tool just needs to grab the cable.
11:34Here we can see the stress that acts on the grabber as it drags along the seabed.
11:41As soon as it catches the cable, you can see the peak load and the load remains slightly higher than before.
11:46This means that he has caught something and at this moment the grabber is being pulled on board.
11:51You drive across the cable until it gets caught in the gripper.
12:06Then the damage will be repaired on board.
12:09A power line from Europe to America costs approximately 600 million euros.
12:23Only consortia can raise that much money.
12:26Or a giant corporation like Google, which is said to already own six of its own optical cables.
12:32Fortunately, broken optical fibers inside the optical cable can be repaired.
12:37Handmade.
12:39Inside, information flows at almost the speed of light.
12:46And it is only through these tiny hairs that the entire global internet is transmitted.
12:52This means several terabits per second are flowing.
12:58To transport the light in the optical fibers over thousands of kilometers across the ocean,
13:03It needs to be reinforced every 80 kilometers.
13:07Repeaters refresh the fading seconds.
13:09And the light in the fiber optics comes back on.
13:12Every submarine cable has a protective sheath.
13:16Beneath it lies a copper strand that supplies power to the repeaters.
13:20After further insulation comes the core, in which the crucial optical fibers run.
13:26Optical fiber transmission takes advantage of the fact that the surface of the fiber repeatedly reflects the laser light back inwards.
13:33There is only one way out.
13:34There is only one way out.
13:36Forward.
13:44Alcatel Submarine Networks' fiber optic cable factory in Calais is one of the last of its kind in Europe.
13:52The French state bought back Nokia's submarine cable division from Nokia in 2024 for 350 million euros.
14:01This is about France's digital sovereignty.
14:04Because Alcatel is one of the world market leaders.
14:07And that with tradition.
14:11In 1858, the company manufactured the first submarine cable and laid it between France and England.
14:28Each submarine cable is unique and designed to meet the specific requirements.
14:34Therefore, approximately 25 kilometers of replacement cable need to be manufactured for all cable projects.
14:42They then remain here in Orange Marine's warehouse for up to 30 years.
14:50Other spare parts, such as the repeaters costing 500,000 euros, also need to be kept in stock.
14:57All to ensure the internet never collapses.
14:59In the port of Toulon, the cables can be loaded within 24 hours and from there transported anywhere in the Mediterranean and as far as the Red Sea.
15:11Now one is going into Sophie Germain's belly.
15:21Stored inside a huge cable drum.
15:25The cable must not be bent too sharply to avoid damaging the fiber.
15:33Normally, the cables are marked on maps to prevent ships from dropping their anchors directly into this area.
15:39But it often happens that ships drift off course during storms and their anchors destroy or damage the cables.
15:44Sabotage is rather the exception.
15:52No matter why a line is interrupted, there must always be sufficient reserve capacity.
15:58Didi has made the digital sovereignty of Europe his life's work over the past year.
16:04He learned his trade himself on a pipe-laying vessel.
16:06If someone really wants to cut the cable, it's possible.
16:16The best protection for different countries is to have multiple cables.
16:23However, we must be careful, the dangers could increase.
16:27And I think it's quite normal that the authorities are trying to ensure that the cables are better protected.
16:32and that we can intervene as effectively as possible if necessary.
16:36This requires expensive deep-sea technology.
16:47This remotely controlled underwater vehicle costs millions and is the extended arm of the Sophie Germain.
16:53In special operations, such as finding a severed cable, it dives to depths of up to 3000 meters.
17:02Light pulses sent through the damaged cable terminate at the broken point.
17:06This allows you to narrow down the search.
17:10The Roof is a jack-of-all-trades.
17:12Locate, dig, grab, and cut.
17:16All this to ensure that the data can flow uninterrupted.
17:19Among other places, to Frankfurt, the digital capital of Europe.
17:29The data drivers here are the airport and, above all, the financial sector.
17:33The city is a data magnet.
17:36And lots of data attracts even more data.
17:40The data center market is booming.
17:43It is estimated that there are almost 12,000 worldwide.
17:46Nearly half of them are in the USA.
17:49Europe comes in second place.
17:51In Germany alone, there are approximately 520.
17:53The construction of a modern data center costs around 300 million euros.
18:00Over 40 are located in Frankfurt and the surrounding area alone.
18:03This makes the Rhine-Main region a hotspot in Europe.
18:06In addition to the cables, data centers must also be well protected against espionage and sabotage.
18:24Thomas King is the Chief Technology Officer of the German internet exchange D-Kicks and is on his way to the heart of the company.
18:32It has rented space in a data center belonging to the company Digital Realty.
18:36The D-Kicks is an important connecting element between the 100,000 independent networks of the Internet.
18:44You can imagine it quite simply as taking place inside a building.
18:47For example, Google is on one floor and Meta Facebook is on the ground floor.
18:53And we are in the middle, making the connection.
18:56And cities typically have many data centers.
18:59Here in Frankfurt, there are over 40 data centers distributed throughout the city.
19:03And we also connect these data centers to each other.
19:07The advantage of an internet exchange point? It offers redundancy and connects networks worldwide.
19:13If, as in this case, the Arte website is unreachable because a cable is broken, then D-Kicks detects the fault and a robot automatically switches the defective line to a working one.
19:26The D-Kicks makes it easier to control data streams.
19:29Especially those who are not allowed to leave the country for EU regulatory reasons.
19:33The unique patch robot has now switched the connection and the website is working again.
19:42The Federal Intelligence Service also has access to the server room.
19:45He is allowed to intercept up to 30 percent of internet communications with foreign countries.
19:51The disrupted connection, which caused Arte to be offline, triggers a notification here in the Network Operations Center.
20:06Deutsche Telekom monitors its 770,000 kilometer long fiber optic network from Frankfurt.
20:14During peak times, such as the FIFA World Cup, New Year's Eve or prime-time television, the highest capacity is required.
20:24Patrick Martin is in charge of the data streams. He heads the NOC.
20:30These are essentially large data cables that we are monitoring here, so really the thick cables.
20:36Simply to move all transport traffic from A to B, across continents, across countries, across continents.
20:42The so-called last mile we have, meaning into the homes, we always do that with local partners.
20:47Just a moment, I need to get a little closer to where that is.
20:51Colleagues, that orange dot over there, Christoph, do you know what that is? Which one is it? Frankfurt or is it? I can't see it from here.
20:57This is a network alert. In this case, the alert is located in Frankfurt am Main.
21:02And if something lights up, then the colleagues know that something is wrong and can investigate further.
21:09Research means finding out what is broken, where and why.
21:13If a fiber optic cable is damaged, the culprit is often clear.
21:19Our biggest enemy here is the excavator, that much is clear.
21:22So, construction work, civil engineering work. I have a good example: in Romania, the motorway is currently undergoing massive renovation.
21:30And all the power lines are located next to the highway. So in spring and summer, not a week goes by without...
21:36where we don't have at least one, sometimes two or even three major damages.
21:41This radio mast is also affected by the disruption, because it is connected to the network.
21:47So, in reality, even mobile data primarily flows through cables.
21:50Christian Heise is responsible for the repair unit as team leader.
22:02He rushes from one incident to the next when there are disruptions.
22:08The damaged area was 100 meters down the road, right?
22:11Exactly.
22:12And that's where the excavator reached in?
22:14Yes, the excavator took the cable with it when digging deeper.
22:16How many lines did he hit?
22:19Four or five pieces.
22:21Okay. And one of them was our cell phone tower?
22:24Exactly.
22:24Most of our mobile network sites are connected via fiber optic cables because we are trying to get the data from the air into the fiber optic cables as quickly as possible.
22:31And in that case, an excavator damaged one of our fiber optic cables; it was torn through.
22:37Fiber optics are significantly faster than mobile communications and, above all, can transport much more data.
22:42Europe has one of the best internet infrastructures in the world.
22:52The fiber optic network is huge, but it varies from country to country.
22:56Spain leads the way in expansion with 81 percent of homes connected.
23:01France lags further behind with 71 percent, and Germany trails with only 12 percent.
23:07Fast internet connections are becoming increasingly important for digital life and work.
23:14Even latencies of milliseconds can slow down downloads.
23:22But what good is the fastest home connection if the excavator has severed the cable to the data center?
23:28To allow the light pulses to flow again, the loose ends of the optical fibers are precisely reconnected.
23:45Strictly speaking, they merged.
23:48This is called fusion splicing.
23:50Now they are being aligned.
24:00The moment they are aligned.
24:01He welds.
24:05Looks good, no complaints.
24:08And from that moment on, our mobile phone station is operational again and supplied with data.
24:12That was quick.
24:14Because there was an underground backup cable for the radio mast.
24:18It just needed to be plugged in.
24:24In Germany, building regulations often slow down the expansion of fiber optic networks.
24:28There is a denormalization that now even affects trenching, i.e., minimally invasive expansion,
24:35where the fiberglass is inserted just below the asphalt surface, has been standardized and approved.
24:42But we are still very often debating this.
24:44And this is despite the fact that the expansion is significantly faster and significantly cheaper as a result.
24:48In some parts of other European countries, fiber optic cables are simply applied to building facades.
24:53Or they are stretched from mast to mast.
24:56Southern European pragmatism delivers top digital results here.
25:04The big question is, are we too careless?
25:08What if the internet goes down?
25:10Because a large part of our daily lives depends on it.
25:14Redundancy is key.
25:16More cables, but also analog precautions like cash, are useful in an emergency.
25:21They make our society more resilient.
25:26Attention, attention!
25:34The internet had to be temporarily shut down.
25:37Stay calm!
25:41Stay home until the digital infrastructure is restored.
25:47The state of emergency will be ended as soon as possible.
25:50ATMs will be out of service for this period.
25:56Due to an acute heat wave, the cooling systems of power plants and large data centers have failed.
26:02The power grid is at its limit.
26:03Even though there hasn't been a digital blackout yet, the danger is real.
26:18This becomes clear in data centers.
26:22Here, the internet becomes physically tangible.
26:25You can see it, hear it, and smell it.
26:28The cloud, our data cloud, smells of diesel here once a month.
26:42Because that's when the emergency generators will be tested.
26:46Digital Realty stores data from Amazon, Google and Microsoft, which must be accessible even in an emergency.
26:52Data centers are considered critical infrastructure and are subject to protective measures in the EU.
27:01Giant batteries bridge the gap during a power outage until the diesel generators start up.
27:06And everything is available in duplicate.
27:08This redundancy is mandatory.
27:22A data cloud from the inside.
27:49An IONOS data center is hidden in an old bunker.
27:55This is where the internet provider hosts customer websites.
27:58Stefan Link shows a security auditor the server cooling system.
28:23The company designs its own data centers and their cooling systems.
28:28The principle is simple, as the fluttering paper in the airflow demonstrates.
28:33There's a constant storm in the server room.
28:36We have a so-called raised floor here in the server room.
28:41A raised floor means we have a second floor, we have a cavity in the floor.
28:45And cold air is blown into this cavity.
28:50And this cold air is only supposed to rise here in the cold aisle.
28:54Because this is exactly where we want the air to enter these servers to the left and to the right.
28:58And it carries away heat, thus cooling the servers.
29:05Web servers produce a lot of waste heat.
29:08Therefore, the cabinets are permeable to air.
29:11Air constantly flows from the cold aisle through the equipment to the other side, into the hot aisle.
29:17We are now in the so-called warm-up phase.
29:23And here the cold air that flowed into the server via the raised floor and the cold aisle comes out of the server again.
29:31And then you realize that it's very, very warm in this corridor.
29:35And that's a good sign, because it means that the air has carried away a great deal of heat from the server.
29:41This also means that every click on one of the websites hosted here generates even more heat, which is released into the environment through coolers on the roof.
29:51The ever-increasing amount of data for social media, the internet and AI applications is driving up electricity consumption.
29:59Data centers are therefore not only expensive, but also a problem for the environment.
30:11Digital companies are struggling to keep up with the growing demand from their customers, which is all of us.
30:23Because even without a PC or laptop, we use data centers like this one.
30:28Every movement on a mobile phone or every input of data means that the app is communicating with a server in a data center.
30:41And this data center, this server, then takes over the processing of the data.
30:46And the result is then transferred back from typically cloud data centers to the mobile phone.
30:51The best test can be done by disconnecting the mobile phone's mobile connection, turning off mobile data, turning off Wi-Fi, and then seeing what the phone can still do.
31:02And then you'll find that a mobile phone can still do a few simple things.
31:06But the multitude of operations a mobile phone can perform is only possible if the mobile phone has a connection to a data center.
31:16A digital blackout turns a smartphone into an expensive flashlight.
31:21Data centers must also protect sensitive information belonging to companies and government agencies.
31:35These must not fall into the hands of competitors or foreign powers.
31:40And only European providers can guarantee that.
31:44A welcome competitive advantage for providers like IONOS.
31:51In the US, there is a so-called cloud deck.
31:55This is a law that, in extreme cases, allows US intelligence agencies access to any cloud storage.
32:02And if a US provider that operates data centers here in Europe receives such a request, it will ultimately not be able to refuse it.
32:11As a German company or even as a German authority, I naturally do not want my data to fall into the hands of foreign powers.
32:19And that can only be guaranteed by European players who are actually subject to European legislation.
32:24The German federal government is also investing in greater data protection and is having its own cloud built.
32:34The federal administration operates its own, separately secured network.
32:39And this network is completely isolated from the public internet.
32:42They want to connect their own locations via secure lines, virtual private networks.
32:48And they want to make absolutely sure that no one from outside can access these networks.
32:54The so-called private cloud uses the air-gapping principle.
32:59All data that wants to enter the system must pass a security test.
33:04It will be virtually impossible for outsiders to obtain information.
33:09The same applies if data is to be sent outwards.
33:18To prevent data from being spied on anywhere along the way from A to B,
33:24The Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) examines all software and hardware that belongs to the digital infrastructure.
33:33Because every component could be a potential security vulnerability, says Claudia Plattner, head of the BSI.
33:41Sometimes we actually do exactly that.
33:47That means we get a piece of hardware and we take a very deep look inside it.
33:51Really, right down to the individual parts.
33:53This is one way to ensure that.
33:58Our job as the Federal Office for Information Security is to...
34:01We're evaluating it technically.
34:02That means we're looking at components.
34:04There are also certain components that play a role.
34:07So-called management components, to get to the 5G example.
34:10So, and then we'll take a look at what's going on, how these components work.
34:15And then it actually goes to the ministry, in our case now to the Ministry of the Interior,
34:19which then consults with other ministries.
34:22And then they decide, okay, is this a risk?
34:26that we as Germany want to bear for our critical infrastructures,
34:31or do we take action here and essentially go into exclusion?
34:35A prominent example is Huawei's mobile phone components.
34:42The Chinese provider is alleged to have used them for surveillance and espionage purposes.
34:48The US has completely banned the provider.
34:51In Germany, Huawei technology is still installed in many masts, but it is being gradually replaced.
34:56We have China heavily involved in espionage.
35:02And we also know that espionage and sabotage are only two clicks apart.
35:06Unfortunately, that's also a fact.
35:07Once you have managed to infiltrate a system and extract information,
35:11It is then not very difficult to disrupt the system, because you are already inside it.
35:14However, remote intervention in systems is also necessary.
35:22For example, for the maintenance of equipment in continuous use, the so-called Operational Technology or OT.
35:30There is a lot of catching up to do in the IT sector when it comes to cybersecurity.
35:38but also and especially, of course, in the area of OT.
35:41It hasn't been a major focus so far, but it's definitely a big issue that's keeping us very busy.
35:47In the OT sector, we have completely different life cycles.
35:50This means that devices may be in use for many, many, many years.
35:55In contrast, software can be replaced relatively quickly.
35:57But you can't just replace a device like that.
36:03This makes devices like servers and storage the Achilles heel of the digital world.
36:09Making them even safer and more environmentally friendly is a mammoth task.
36:15However, continuing to invest billions in new data centers without drastically improving the technology will likely lead directly to collapse.
36:27Attention! An urgent announcement.
36:35The digital infrastructure is disrupted across the board.
36:39Remain calm until the supply shortage for the necessary computer components is resolved.
36:46Avoid unnecessary hospital visits and travel for the time being.
36:50Payment transactions are restricted due to the global crisis.
36:53European security authorities suspect a flood of AI-generated fake news on social media, but cannot yet technically verify this.
37:08For 25 years, RNT-Rausch has been designing and building storage and cloud devices, making it one of the few European manufacturers.
37:22For managing director Sebastian Nölting, one component is of particular importance.
37:33The graphics chip, the GPU.
37:35Historically, we have traditionally used CPUs.
37:41A GPU was responsible for outputting graphics.
37:43The "G" comes from GPU, which stands for graphics.
37:47Over time, it has simply become clear that a GPU has certain advantages in certain application areas.
37:52And then it offloaded things that were very computationally intensive from the CPU to the GPU.
37:59And this whole AI topic, which is very, very computationally intensive, is very much reflected in the GPU area.
38:06A conventional processor, called a CPU, has few, but powerful processor cores.
38:13They can emit up to 400 watts of heat during operation.
38:17However, normal fans are sufficient for cooling.
38:20And they consume relatively little electricity.
38:22AI is changing that.
38:25The GPU's processor cores are simpler, but there are a great many of them.
38:30in which vast numbers of calculations run in parallel.
38:34Only liquid cooling can dissipate the 1000 watts of waste heat.
38:44Asian and US manufacturers dominate the world of AI.
38:49Europe, on the other hand, is skeptical of AI.
38:52This slows down progress, but also protects against potential risks of the technology.
38:57There will be areas where we say we probably should have left well enough alone.
39:08Whether everyone will then keep their hands off it is another question.
39:13That's probably the biggest risk in this story.
39:15The technology is there, we won't be able to stop it.
39:20We must make sure that we control them and not the other way around.
39:24Control is one thing, costs are another.
39:29In the US and China, AI data centers are already being equipped with their own power plants to ensure sufficient electricity.
39:35TU Darmstadt has secured space for its AI research at the Helmholtz High Performance Computing Centre.
39:48The supercomputers with their many GPUs have a special liquid cooling system.
39:55The €30 million project has a positive environmental impact.
40:00Because the waste heat is used for building heating, saving energy there.
40:05A rare exception among data centers.
40:07Christian Kersting, Professor of Artificial Intelligence, and his technical director Wolfgang Stille are pleased that they were able to acquire enough GPUs.
40:23So, if you believe Nobel laureate Jeffrey Hinton, who is very central to AI, then AI is mainly about scaling.
40:31Size matters, the bigger the better.
40:32And that's why we're currently seeing a huge rush on GPUs, on hardware, on data centers.
40:40It has even gone so far that who possesses this hardware has become a geopolitical tool of leverage.
40:46And I think that sums it up quite well.
40:48We are currently witnessing how the major economic forces in the world are positioning themselves.
40:53And in that respect, I think we are rather weakly positioned in Europe and Germany.
40:57Large tech companies are practically buying up all the GPUs on the market.
41:01What they use all that hardware for raises serious doubts.
41:05Like, for example, the forgery of images.
41:08The researchers are working on an AI model that will block manipulated images on social media platforms.
41:14An AI tool against AI fakes.
41:18Can systems tell if an image that has been generated is AI-generated, and therefore potentially fake?
41:26or whether it is a natural image, or whether it was taken by a camera.
41:31And how can we imagine that, how can that be done in principle?
41:34Now we'll take lots and lots of examples.
41:36Pictures, lots and lots of pictures, and people say fake or not fake.
41:39And is now trying to train a model based on that.
41:42These are all the many variables that, when an image is entered, ultimately determine whether the result is fake or not fake.
41:49The program needs constant adjustments. A Sisyphean task for the small team.
41:56But their goal is a trustworthy AI that meets European security standards.
42:01To train the model, fake photos must be found and tested.
42:05Okay, let's take this one.
42:14Did you take that picture from there?
42:15Exactly.
42:17No idea what it says? We'll probably have to let it run somewhere.
42:23This is now considered safe.
42:24Well, nothing bad was shown.
42:27But what does it say, something that can't be seen at all?
42:29The image shows a person holding a sign that reads I'm a pedo.
42:33The person is smiling and appears to be in a positive and friendly environment.
42:37I think we need to do a little more training there.
42:40The model does not yet recognize irony and the subtleties of human humor.
42:45This will take some time.
42:47But it also evaluates according to other categories.
42:50For example, violence, sex, and animal cruelty.
42:54And there have already been successes.
42:55Ah, it's unsafe.
42:59It is unsafe because it glorifies violence.
43:02More precisely, the image shows two men somehow physically wrestling with each other.
43:12We don't have enough computing power.
43:14So, we did have a large computer; we were able to build our own mainframe computer quite early on.
43:20But that can't compare to what you find in America or China.
43:24And we need to invest massively.
43:26We have roughly, let's just say, 800 GPUs.
43:31And I believe that what the big American companies have is in the 10,000, 20,000s.
43:37Above all, the top dog, Chad GPT, sets standards.
43:41Its training reportedly takes place on 25,000 GPUs.
43:44Exactly, now let's take a look at this picture here.
43:48We downloaded it from the internet now.
43:51We'll bring that in here now.
43:52And now that's being put into the system.
43:54It's in there now, and now you can press start again.
43:59We can simply send it again.
44:02Ah, you have exceeded your GPU quota.
44:04Their own GPUs are thwarting the researchers' plans.
44:09AI at its limit.
44:17Since 2010, the Taiwanese technology giant Foxconn has had a factory in Kutna Hora, Czech Republic.
44:23It is the only one outside of Asia.
44:27Servers are manufactured here.
44:29Or rather, composed of.
44:32Because microchips and processors all come from Asia.
44:44Kutna Hora is also a manufacturing center for supercomputers, which incorporate the sought-after GPUs.
44:50These computing units consist in part of 80 billion transistors.
44:56Power consumption 700 watts.
44:59Unit price almost 30,000 euros.
45:10Technical director John Gallagher has witnessed the developments of the last few decades.
45:15Demand for GPU-based products has definitely increased exponentially in the last year.
45:27We know that a GPU on its own is extremely expensive.
45:31If you think about it, you might have 27 or 37 GPUs in one rack, and they have multiple racks in a cluster.
45:39Then the costs can rise very quickly.
45:43Just to give an example.
45:45We had a customer solution here last year that cost approximately $180 million, just for that.
45:54HPE is a specialist in such supercomputers.
45:58Foxconn assembles the systems for HPE, as the US corporation does not own its own factory.
46:04A device with ten such GPUs is currently being tested.
46:14Ten kilowatts of waste heat – you can't just blow that away with air.
46:18Especially when the system is operating at maximum computing capacity to prove what it can do.
46:24As with a ship or truck engine, hoses containing coolant carry away the heat.
46:34Otherwise, the chips would roast pretty quickly.
46:44As the computing power on microchips became increasingly dense,
46:49The power required to reduce the heat they generated also increased exponentially.
46:54Conventional air-cooled solutions were therefore no longer suitable for these high computing power levels.
47:01As computing demands increased, it became necessary to switch to liquid cooling.
47:05to dissipate the heat generated primarily by the microcontroller.
47:13Liquid cooling is extremely complex.
47:15A special chemical absorbs the heat from the components and transfers it to the cooling water in a heat exchanger.
47:23Server boards and processors are the dirty side of AI, which is rarely discussed.
47:30Just 3000 AI chatbot requests consume almost one kilowatt hour of electricity.
47:36That adds up to gigawatt hours every day.
47:38Once we are all using AI, the only way to prevent a blackout will probably be through completely new energy-saving GPUs.
47:46The pharmaceutical giant Boehringer Ingelheim is relying on AI in drug development.
48:03The sooner the properties of a substance can be predicted, the better.
48:07An intelligent design board for molecules has recently become available.
48:13Chemist Thomas Doll and process developer Mai Dang can use this to specifically search for new compounds.
48:19I can imagine that we would start by isolating this molecule in its liquid form and then separating it in two stages.
48:31so that we can bring them together in the end, so that we have a good yield.
48:36So generally speaking, the entire research process to bring a drug to market can easily take 10, 12, even 15 years.
48:44And we hope, we have the ambition, that we can achieve significant savings there through the use of AI applications.
48:50We want to save money for several years; we want to significantly increase our chances of success.
48:55Thanks to algorithms and machine learning, the model uses traffic light colors to show whether the designed molecular chain makes sense.
49:02Green means good and red warns of toxic effects.
49:06The pharmaceutical company digitized all of its corporate knowledge on a proprietary platform containing 700 million documents.
49:16An integrated language model acts as an assistant, summarizing literature, searching for important aspects, and improving research.
49:25This allows potential active ingredients to be found quickly and without damaging materials.
49:30The lengthy laboratory work then only takes place with the most promising candidates.
49:36The Smart Factory then produces small batches for the complex and multi-stage drug testing process.
49:52Every prediction from any model, from any AI system, must be evaluated and critically questioned.
49:59That's perfectly clear. Ultimately, it's the human being who makes the decision.
50:03For us as researchers, this is not necessarily a new development, because the same applies to all measurements we make in the laboratory.
50:10And that's why we always need the critical person there, who analyzes and evaluates it again.
50:15And it's the same with the models here.
50:17It can be said that the field of submarine cable laying vessels is one of the few areas of the internet that
50:43in which Europe truly stands at the forefront of global development.
50:50Germany is a leader with its internet exchange point in Frankfurt.
50:55Europe is also in a good position when it comes to data center construction.
50:58We will have to do a lot more if we want to maintain our society as it is today,
51:05including the prosperity associated with it and also digitalization, as we want to advance it,
51:09want to maintain and protect it.
51:14Avert dangers, control resource consumption, become economically independent.
51:19There is still much to be done regarding the internet and AI.
51:23Whether this will remain a hype, or whether there will eventually be a cooling-off period,
51:28as we have often seen before in various technological fields,
51:32We need to know where we stand in two or three years.
51:34Subtitling by ZDF for funk, 2017
52:04Subtitling by ZDF for funk, 2017
52:05Subtitling by ZDF for funk, 2017
Empfohlen
1:23:49
|
Als nächstes auf Sendung
17:08
43:58
5:18
29:31
28:08
29:17
0:29
0:13
6:03