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00:00:00don't take these sessions very lightly because these are the basic things that you need to learn
00:00:08and you will effectively be able to apply these skills in the exam thereby making a very less
00:00:16amount of mistakes and thereby increasing your marks you know we talked about the speaking sorry
00:00:22writing study plan we showed you everything is important spellings is also very crucial if you
00:00:28are having trouble with spelling start on it early why because why i tell spelling is a crucial thing
00:00:34because because of spellings the other areas are also affected content and vocabulary score goes
00:00:40down as well because of spellings so if there are if you're making spelling mistakes the ai will not
00:00:46understand it the word count will reduce and the vocabulary and the content score will also be
00:00:52affected anyways today we are going to talk a little bit more extension yesterday we talked about the
00:00:58subject verb object the verbs how they are changing today we are going to talk about the other areas
00:01:03where people are making mistakes in writing so the first area is preposition the second one is article
00:01:10and the third one what we are going to talk about is how we can make simple phrases using the same
00:01:15concepts that we have learned yesterday and today together so we'll we'll see that everything together
00:01:22and after this session what i want you guys to do on a daily basis is to try to make simple phrases on
00:01:29your own start with simple sentences don't try to write a paragraph straight away or an essay straight
00:01:35away try with simple sentences or try the templates half of the sentences template then half of the
00:01:41phrase you need to make and just put it on grammarly and check whether i'm writing everything
00:01:46grammatically fine or not okay because most of the areas what where you are making mistakes we will
00:01:51have covered yesterday or we are going to cover today okay prepositions what are prepositions are
00:01:58basically it's used to connect the objects and also in a sentence you will find it it is used to
00:02:05expand the phrases as well so first thing is first that it connects a noun or a pronoun for example you
00:02:11can see i mailed a parcel to you is currently located at the theater it must be completed before
00:02:18in front of so there could be different kind of prepositions okay one word prepositions or two word
00:02:24prepositions so that's what we are going to talk about don't worry about the names of what prepositions
00:02:30are just try to understand it okay so even if you don't remember whether it's simple compound
00:02:35complex doesn't matter okay no one is going to ask you about that in the exam simple prepositions
00:02:41we use it every single time we speak any any sentence at the park i'm at the park i kept the
00:02:48book on the shelf during the meeting we talked about it all these are prepositions you are using
00:02:54the words to connect the ideas together compound because of in front of these are compound prepositional
00:03:02phrases what are complex prepositional phrases is like this in the middle of the night in the middle
00:03:09of something so it's a very long phrase and that's why it is called as composition complex because
00:03:15it includes a preposition followed by a phrase that contains another preposition so you see
00:03:22this is also a preposition this is also a preposition like this in middle of the night okay as i said don't
00:03:30worry about the names prepositional phrases with pronouns what are these they start with a preposition
00:03:37and contain a pronoun such as are you sure of yourself or she's sure of herself okay so this part
00:03:47of herself herself is a pronoun and of is a preposition that's why it's called as preposition with pronouns
00:03:54but you understand what the main preposition is of prepositional phrases showing contrast very very
00:04:00commonly used in spite of despite these are the words in comparison okay contrastingly all these words can be
00:04:08used as prepositional that are preposition that are used to contrast and some are more used to provide more
00:04:16context setting the main idea in fact at the beginning of the time at the dawn of the time at times so these in the
00:04:25long run over the period of time all the words that we are using we are setting the stage we are setting
00:04:30the context okay even in the essays we use wordings like this okay firstly in the long term or in the
00:04:38short term or on the other hand these are the phrases that are going to set the context so yes this is very
00:04:44very applicable in your writing and you will see these kind of phrases prepositional phrases being used
00:04:50in the essay templates as well conditional prepositional phrases what are they yes the phrase but for
00:04:59but for you i have never i would never have finished my proposal on time but for paul's interference he
00:05:06would have won the k conditional but what is the main conditional but however if you can use it in the
00:05:15middle of the sentence multiple prepositional phrases what are they when more than one prepositional
00:05:22phrase is used together okay we need to do better job of training our employees in a way that prepares
00:05:29them more effectively for shifts okay we need to do a better job of training so that's what multiple
00:05:36prepositional phrases is means when you are speaking the normal language this particular point you don't need
00:05:42to include in your uh you know knowledge bank because it is a combination of phrases and we don't use
00:05:51those kind of complex and very very long sentences very very long we definitely don't use them
00:05:59so but uh prepositional can be used as adjectives as adverbs or as noun complements
00:06:05as adjectives it will describe the noun or pronoun the book on the table okay so i i can talk about
00:06:13several books but a book may be on the shelf a book may be on the table or the book may be on the chair
00:06:19so in order to distinguish you can use preposition the book on the table i'm referring to that so that's why
00:06:27it is used as an adjective as adverb how did you eat or how did you dance with grace i dance with grace
00:06:35okay so that's describing the action the verb that's why they're used as an adverb most common forms of
00:06:43adverb you already know words ending with ly and fully and what about noun complements
00:06:49following a noun to complete its meaning the fear of heights what kind of fear of heights that's how
00:06:59it's used as noun complements now i'm going to show you list of all the prepositions okay and if you are
00:07:06interested then what you can do to go through these these documents are also available on the portal
00:07:15so you don't need to take a note of it what you need to do is go here and go to the skills video
00:07:25and resources and you will find this knowledge on using proposition there is a big document that will
00:07:30include everything we are covering on the slide same thing for the articles okay now coming back to the
00:07:37slide see list of common prepositions in english about despite over over the counter above the above
00:07:47the house down up down above across so if you see an object if you see an object like this i'm holding
00:07:56if i am saying something is on it on the surface then you say on it if something is beside it
00:08:03behind it okay along it so something is kept along the same side towards it all those things you just
00:08:14have to imagine what exactly i'm going to use so very many of the prepositions can be used in that
00:08:22manner if you can understand what exactly i want to convey if i say i have uh the table a lot of things
00:08:30on the table my phone is somewhere among the objects on the table among so somewhere i'm saying
00:08:37it is in between somewhere in between is also preposition so where exactly you want to use
00:08:44if i say an object that can be opened something is inside it then i will say it is in
00:08:49in the box so that's how the prepositions are in on to for by and through under underneath just have a look
00:09:00if you have doubt on any of the prepositions you don't know how to use these are the very common
00:09:05prepositions
00:09:19okay the next yeah just a small doubt so can you also can you also a brief where to in which
00:09:27situation we have to use in at on those kind of good no no i'm not going to do that of course i'm
00:09:34going to do that but you are asking the question before we are covering it we are going to cover
00:09:39it i'm just asking about if you don't have familiarity okay no return no no that's okay no need to be
00:09:45sorry we are going to talk about examples of all of this okay so you are uh pre-active you are
00:09:52preparing thinking before that's good rather than reactive yes someone else yes i don't
00:09:58define what is round the i saw there is one proposition round r-o-u-e-n-d around i think it's
00:10:07a mistake it should be around around yeah okay yeah okay and these are another set of single word
00:10:15prepositions about above some of them you already saw before behind underneath i think it's the
00:10:21same slide isn't it exactly the same slide okay complex prepositions when you combine two of the
00:10:30words together i'm ahead of the time or ahead of someone inside of something instead of this you have
00:10:36to do this close to near to as well as do this as well as this as for we saw the example before
00:10:45because of something due to this i'm unable to do that except for eggs i eat everything in addition to
00:10:53pte exam i'm also doing ilds exam in front of the house in place of something else in spite of
00:11:00despite of or despite in front of on top of out of five things you have to focus on one thing outside
00:11:09of the gate owing to owing to something so if you uh if you owe your success to someone then you can say
00:11:18i owe my success to someone on the account of at least apart from this is the same repetition of the
00:11:27first row such as when you give examples thanks to everyone for joining the class or thanks to my
00:11:35teachers thanks to my students up to up to a specific point of time such as we have already discussed
00:11:42different categories of english prepositions now you see examples actually what you were
00:11:49looking forward for so we have categorized it in terms of preposition of time place because so that
00:11:55you can relate it to real life scenarios okay so when we are talking about time these are the
00:12:01prepositions commonly that we use after after a specific point of time or after you have done an
00:12:09activity you use i will have my lunch after my class at times yes which answer yeah glad you could also
00:12:19join let me just cover uh some of the preposition part and then you can
00:12:25continue sure sure thank you okay so once i start going i keep on going okay so i was talking about
00:12:36at any specific time always say at okay not on at 4 pm at 2 pm always at take a note before
00:12:49opposite of after okay i have i have i will have my lunch before the class during if the class is
00:12:56happening i want to do some activity during the class while it is happening then i will use during
00:13:02for how much time you have to specify i'm going somewhere for two weeks or two months specific period of time
00:13:12you are specifying a period of time for this duration in in the evening i have i they have the dinner in the evening so this is particular time of the day this is particular time of the watch of the clock that's the difference in on sorry any days of the week you have to say on always on sunday on monday on tuesday and so on any months of the year you say in
00:13:41so this is for january february march and so on this is for sunday monday tuesday everything
00:13:51always use on for days of the week always use in for the months of the year since since means from a
00:13:59point of start you are talking about since morning i haven't had a cup of tea
00:14:04so that's where specifying a starting point of time until you are specifying the ending point of
00:14:12time until tomorrow i have time only until tomorrow to finish my practice questions whatever so this is
00:14:19the scenario where you use prepositions of time and then comes prepositions of place this is related to
00:14:25place okay so we talked about the object scenarios above something okay against something against the
00:14:33current or against the wall if i'm putting a ladder against the wall something is pressing against the
00:14:38wall so that those scenarios against or you are rowing against the current along means at the same
00:14:45side so if you're walking along the shore you say along around something around covering something
00:14:52like a dinner table you're sitting around the table at at the cafe any place which you are saying
00:14:59restaurant cafe cinema school you have to always use at don't use in i'm in the restaurant no i'm at
00:15:07the restaurant so sometimes we do have common usages that we think are correct but
00:15:12normally it's not correct okay in some scenarios both are acceptable okay but the best usage or the
00:15:19most common usage in english is for at to specify where you are even for the public transport
00:15:27i think we are going to cover that next or somewhere but okay if we don't have it in the slides i'll tell
00:15:33you if you're train if you're taking a train or a bus what will you say which proposition will you use in
00:15:41or on or act i'll give you three options
00:15:47in on at which one will you choose in
00:15:54all of you in in on
00:16:00in on at in if i'm still at this station then i am at this station
00:16:06if i'm inside the train then i'm inside in whoever said in whoever said in you can see my hand
00:16:17the wrong answer anything related to public transport right i have to say on public transport like train
00:16:25bus plane i am on the plane not in the plane i am on the train i am on the bus okay that's how
00:16:33you use it with public transport note it down if you didn't know that behind you already know behind
00:16:39something below again below the bridge or below the below any object below my hand beside okay what
00:16:48do you do beside this so in those scenarios you can use i sing besides doing preparing for my pt exam
00:16:55between something in between very common preposition by okay by is also used like along sometimes like
00:17:04by close by the lake or i am by the lake very close to it in in the house so there are some exceptions to
00:17:12in like i told you for public transport or you know common places that you visit at is used for the places
00:17:19and on is used for public transport okay across along from along and these are related to movement
00:17:27across you are going across the forest along walked along the shore from from one point to another
00:17:35point so from and to are often used together into if you are going into something into the pool
00:17:41on to means you are like jumping over similar to over onto onto the bed
00:17:49onto the bed can also be used in uh places where you are trying to show the target so
00:17:56where exactly you are doing that onto the bed on the object on of the object onto the object through
00:18:03again similar to across push through the cloud but usage can be different
00:18:08i drove across the forest i pushed through the crowd slight difference two words if someone is coming
00:18:18towards you or anything moving towards very common usage okay and then we have a few more
00:18:29preposition with verb okay see this this is also something that we talk about uh today itself
00:18:36where do you use about many people use about with everything i discussed about i described about i
00:18:43mentioned about all are wrong grammatically only use about with talked another thing you need to note down
00:18:53okay note it down complained about is fine talked about is fine but in the templates you will see for
00:19:00summarize pocket text described discussed mentioned about it should not be used there
00:19:07only with talked about you can use it of course complain is not part of any template so you
00:19:12a speaker will not complain about something so you can't use word like this but about you have to be
00:19:17careful otherwise grammatical errors will happen okay so about is used with verbs complain about at arrive at the
00:19:27venue looked at the venue looked at someone from differ from suffer from i'm suffering from cold suffering with cold is not
00:19:38differ from something this is different from something differ different similar account for accounted for something doesn't account for the differences
00:19:49search for something okay not search on something search on is applicable if you're using a medium to search like search on google but search for what exactly are you searching for look out for
00:20:05so that's where for is used responsible for again for you are responsible for your own exam scores if you don't work hard
00:20:16success will not come to your door continuation of the same in of to and with
00:20:22result result in succeeded in or successful in resulted in big success succeeded in winning the
00:20:32argument approve and approval of you have to take an approval of something see these are the common
00:20:40prepositions and these are the type of sentences that you will see in the exam and you have to know
00:20:44which prepositions are normally used with them smell of good things or safe smell of flowers contribute to
00:20:55led to the victory agree and disagree with
00:21:01argue with someone or argue for something so with and or can both be used argue for cause argue with person
00:21:12so usages can differ but be keep it in mind which kind of common prepositions as i told you you can take
00:21:21a note as well the document is available on the portal as well if you want to revise it and the class
00:21:26recording will also be available for you okay so if you start fixing these kind of mistakes you know like
00:21:33most of the people they make mistakes with propositions they make mistakes with articles and then
00:21:38they don't understand where to use which type of words so half of the grammar is done for you half
00:21:42of the remaining grammar we are doing it for you now including the prepositions articles and then
00:21:48we'll talk about how to make simple phrases using the same concept of subject verb object where to
00:21:53place adverbs adjectives how to use the preposition to expand the sentences all those things we'll talk
00:21:59about okay continuation preposition with sorry about something different from we already talked
00:22:06grateful for something disappointed in or disappointed with interested in disappointed in or with
00:22:18someone disappointed in something or disappointed with aware of are you aware of this are you capable of
00:22:25this all those scenarios proud of if you pass your exam then we definitely will be proud of you
00:22:34accustomed to the practices familiar with proud of your reputation so these are the common
00:22:42prepositions and now vishal sir will continue talking about what kind of common prepositional mistakes you
00:22:48make and then we'll move on to talking about articles you can stop for a small quiz
00:22:55okay vishal sir yes sir thank you so this is the slide yes from 20 yeah so sri your questions have been answered now
00:23:04using the examples that we showed
00:23:06yes sir the budget also raised his hand sir for something yes what's your question uh sir for the
00:23:18writing do you provide some templates as we have the speaking templates yeah yeah we'll provide us i don't
00:23:26think you might have looked at the application log into the application there is a big icon on the home
00:23:31page that says templates okay there you will find all the using the speaking one as of now i'm doing the
00:23:37speaking one yeah so you will find the writing one as well okay okay and pt core specific as well
00:23:44okay just take a look thank you
00:23:51yeah so friends and rugs had covered the right kind of prepositions to use in the right context okay
00:24:01we have also seen how prepositions interact with verbs how they interact with adjectives and how
00:24:08we need to use them wisely today we'll also consider common preposition mistakes the people tend to speak
00:24:18it this way but we need to avoid them okay for example now where do we use much at versus in right
00:24:28the event starts at 19 is it a correct one or a wrong one
00:24:32come on you all yeah that's right very good that's right okay and the event is on tuesday
00:24:45the event is in the month of may okay the first set is all correct so now we have some examples here
00:24:53i was at the movie theater last night and what is the tendency
00:24:56people tend to speak it this way i was to the movie theater last night or i was going was in the
00:25:07movie theater last night yeah so there are different ways
00:25:13yeah so they also say i was in the movie theater right but then remember that's the wrong combination
00:25:20you should say i was at the movie theater last night right and my brother is good at playing
00:25:27board games so this is one of the common errors that many commit my brother is good in mathematics
00:25:35good in science good in playing board right so they tend to say or use in fact we all while you speak
00:25:43we tend to use this kind of preposition wrongly okay the correct one would be my brother is good at
00:25:52mathematics good at computer good at science okay i am good at english so you just use the right one
00:26:01for the right sentence now in versus on i read but i read about it in a magazine i read about it on a
00:26:11magazine so now just a while ago andrexler gave you an example when do you for example if you're using
00:26:17a public transport public means of transport what do you do you are in the plane or you are on the plane
00:26:25you're in the train or you're on the train you're in the bus or on the bus right it is on okay but now
00:26:32when you're talking about reading something in a magazine what do you do it is not on the magazine
00:26:38it is in the magazine it is in the magazine okay very good now let me say i'll give you an example
00:26:48i came on 739 i came on 739 is it correct no no what is the correct preposition
00:26:58i did it at 889 is it correct no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no
00:27:28serves as function for carrying a different meaning okay when i say i've done something
00:27:36on time for example let's say to finish a project you have a deadline and let's say that is 10th
00:27:42december okay if you've finished your project exactly on 10th december you say i finished it
00:27:49right on time okay but if you have finished it 9th on 9th or 8th then you say you have finished it
00:27:57right in time okay so preposition also serves as a meaning function okay so how do we know whether
00:28:08this is serving a meaning function or it should be a different one in this case again practice
00:28:14practice speaking practice listen listening listen to the native speakers okay let's get into the
00:28:20other one my my brother does well in school my brother does well at school which one is correct
00:28:29well in school yeah now if i say let's remove the word school and do i'll use the word studies
00:28:39what do you do at studies excellent okay so you got the point it is at studies now
00:28:50next one i like to go for walks at night i like to go for walks in night
00:28:56so you know the correct combination is at night again okay okay next she went for a walk in the
00:29:10park she walked into the park
00:29:12see remember sometimes what happens is preposition serves as a function
00:29:20to carry a different meaning okay but now let's think about walking in the park she went for a walk
00:29:27in the park she walked in the park what do you do
00:29:32in the park yeah she went for a walk in the park okay now the dog is on bed dog jumped onto the bed
00:29:45on the bed yeah see remember let me uh type out few sentences for you hope the time permits
00:29:57sir can i ask you a doubt sir yeah so uh randak sir was saying that disappointment pointed at it
00:30:09won't come he says but uh we used to write uh i was disappointed at your work with your work you
00:30:17should say okay okay i'm disappointed with your performance i'm disappointed with your words
00:30:24okay it's not that yeah okay see now friends i've written two sentences here okay this time focus on
00:30:33the function right so it is not just about the preposition but also about the function now i am
00:30:40on the task i am onto the task if i ask you which one is the correct i'm sure you will choose the first
00:30:48one but now i say both are correct can you can anyone try to explain me the difference
00:30:54between the two both are prepositions on the task onto the task
00:31:00on the task is i'm already doing something
00:31:06very good and on to the task i'm going to do something in a while
00:31:12okay do you get the difference friends i am on the task is like work in progress you're working on it
00:31:21already but i am on to the task yes going to start it in a while i'm just about to start it
00:31:28okay but the point so whenever you see something in your reading material or when you're listening
00:31:37to such kind of things don't think that are you asserted that you know we should use only on
00:31:42we should not use on to know sometimes why onto is used that is important
00:31:46okay all right very good now next let's get into the next slide
00:31:54i went to france last may i went in france last may
00:32:02obviously i went to france last may is correct okay i had been to france i went to france
00:32:12okay we are talking about the past form here and uh what is the problem within when anyone tell me
00:32:20i wasn't was in france last night was good excellent i was in france okay so remember the verb form that
00:32:33we use also affect the preposition that we are using okay here go went gone right and here
00:32:43doesn't fit why because the verb and preposition are not in agreement so try to see which verb works
00:32:53with which preposition right for example a while ago andrexer had shown you a table prepositions with
00:32:58verbs prepositions with adjectives prepositions of moment and there are different types so what you
00:33:05can do is friends i request you all to buy heart this one two three four by all this okay so when
00:33:13you watch the video please take note okay if you are doing it in your free time make sure that you
00:33:21understand everything and try everything in your speech all right now common errors with the nouns
00:33:31pronouns and context let's consider them as well missing or incorrect nouns or pronouns incorrect one he
00:33:38talked to new on mondays now what happened in this
00:33:42but they have not mentioned what is new he talks to you excellent so a missing noun or a missing pronoun
00:33:56okay okay so what happens in your prepositional phrases when you construct using preposition don't
00:34:04forget to use appropriate nouns or pronouns okay he talked to the new members he talked to new ones
00:34:11whatever so there should be a noun or a pronoun now incorrect use in contrast in despite of that
00:34:19okay this is a wild example really in despite of that i have some reservations about it
00:34:27what's the problem
00:34:30everything else is correct i have some reservations about it i have some reservations about it the word
00:34:42preposition is all correct right but now yes leela you can answer sir it's i have a question actually
00:34:51yeah yeah please please where do we use the or the he talks to new member on mondays so if i wanted to
00:35:01use the he talks to the new member is it right or yeah see when we talking about that thank you for
00:35:12asking uh uh leela let me type it out for you yeah he talked to new members on mondays okay now let's say
00:35:27okay new members have joined
00:35:31we will talk to them okay or the new members
00:35:43on monday okay so now here what happened is i mentioned new members already
00:35:53okay okay but in the previous case i haven't mentioned anything about new members i just said
00:36:00he talks to new members on monday that means it is his regular practice okay so whenever new ones join
00:36:05maybe the ceo or md would meet him or her or the new members on monday
00:36:11okay but now in the context what i'm doing here i'm actually mentioning them already new members have
00:36:18joined he'll talk to them or the new members on monday so when i use the definite article the i'm
00:36:25actually alluding to the same set of new members it is not about the regular new members who join every
00:36:31week okay got the point this specific people this specific people see for example um i have a car
00:36:40this example from one of our slides in the previous sessions you have a car car is blue
00:36:47right now what did i do since i mentioned the car already i said the car the car is okay and you also
00:36:58asked me one more thing the bird be okay the is always for consonants okay the sounding of the
00:37:06sound of the is for consonant okay but d is used for vowels okay and vowel sounds
00:37:16okay and also
00:37:20highest or superlative degree or unique thing for example
00:37:33universe is only one right yeah so one and only one thing when you say one and only one thing you
00:37:40say the universe okay okay and superlative degree or highest degree means the best the best quality
00:37:49though b is a consonant since the word best is like good better best that is the highest degree
00:37:56whenever we want to highlight the high point of something and say the best
00:38:02okay okay okay right and in all the other cases a e i o u whenever a word starts with a i o u or you
00:38:12have that sound then you use e in your speech okay okay so if you want to say the for example
00:38:21the new members is correct okay consonants okay okay consonants the new okay but if you want to say the
00:38:29remember he had the umbrella with him vowels okay but that's it okay hope it clarified yes sir thank
00:38:39you so much yes yes yes pleasure all right missing prepositions in context oh sorry we didn't cover
00:38:47this so friends remember when you use despite
00:38:50despite we don't get in at all okay a sentence should directly start with despite
00:38:57or in spite
00:39:01this is the combination remember despite and in spite where if you have despite you don't use in before it
00:39:10okay so remember that and now missing prepositions in context
00:39:14second thought it's their world so perhaps they feel even more invested
00:39:20on second thought now can anyone tell me why we added on here we're talking about the contact
00:39:29yeah
00:39:39yeah exactly yeah see for example if i said secondly okay an adverb directly if i had said secondly you don't need on
00:39:57okay firstly secondly secondly thirdly whenever you use an adverb you don't need on here but here
00:40:06one second thought
00:40:08okay so we have something else with it a noun along with it right which is why we are using on as a
00:40:18preposition so friends remember the knowledge that we give you should help you speak better write
00:40:26better and read better okay all this is possible only if you improve your listening skills in the sense
00:40:33keep listening to the native speakers because all these rules are established by the native
00:40:38we being non-native it is our job to learn all of them okay now conditional phrases
00:40:46but the situation they would have arrived at their final destinations on time
00:40:52now what is missing here
00:40:56oh
00:41:00okay when you say but the situation has gone bad but the situation is this so when you have but the situation
00:41:13the phrase following it would be different all together okay so this is called when you have
00:41:20conditions in it make sure that for is used but as for me okay for example maybe you're reading it this
00:41:28way but as for me i read it that way so when you are using conditional phrases make sure you have the word
00:41:34word or the preposition for now here is a small quiz for you okay so now what i'll do is uh how many are here
00:41:45maybe they just try the first one okay no group answers please this time
00:41:51yeah they just do you have a doubt or you're ready for
00:41:53so last example there is a mention that like uh to the destination and the correct is the at the
00:42:02destination so what's the difference yeah see uh
00:42:12we'll go to the table one
00:42:13arrive at the venue do you see the combination of verb
00:42:21okay okay so when we have the same thing arrive at the destination not arrive
00:42:28to the destination see i'll give you some examples
00:42:34i've reached
00:42:35park park for destination okay i've arrived at destination or location okay
00:42:55i and been to
00:42:59the location the location all right so now uh do you see the difference uh who was that who asked
00:43:08me the doubt i'm sorry i didn't get your name uh was it pages yeah pages all right i reached
00:43:18destination i've arrived at the destination i had been to the location see now do you see behavior of
00:43:27prepositions are changing depending on the verb forms
00:43:33right i had been okay location okay i've arrived at the destination so the verb that you use here is
00:43:42important which is why we gave you this table prepositions with the verb
00:43:48okay okay so the function of preposition depends on what verbs we use what nouns we use what
00:43:54pronouns and then what adjectives we use
00:43:59okay okay yeah very good then whenever we do the practice then how we
00:44:09correct the preposition in our sentence yeah see now once again i as i said you need to
00:44:17pay attention to these things when you're reading something for example we suggested some websites like
00:44:22science news dot org science daily dot com apart from that if you have a habit of following the google
00:44:29news okay i don't say newspaper because we have come out of a newspaper generation people now are
00:44:35interested in getting the news much quicker than before right so when you open your insta or when you
00:44:42open your twitter or whenever you read something from a reliable source just have an eye on these
00:44:50prepositions okay a lot of self-training is required they just okay okay so we master it only
00:44:59by reading by reading and by taking note of such things in our reading okay have an eye on them have an eye
00:45:08whenever you read something okay the best thing could be like if you have a habit of following the google
00:45:14news just open anything randomly and see how they are playing with the words okay because google is used
00:45:23across the globe we find reliable grammar reliable sentence structure in most of those uh short excerpt that
00:45:32they put on the uh right okay okay right now they just this is your chance actually you asked the right
00:45:44question really related to yes just had a comment for pages so uh yes vishal sir said the very right thing
00:45:51they just saw what we are doing in the class is an abbreviated version of what you should be doing
00:45:55every single day we show you all the rules and we show you where you are making mistakes but
00:46:00then you have to do some reading practice your writing practice so that you enforce or reinforce
00:46:06those learnings in your mind because many things are wrongly placed in your mind like as i told you
00:46:11some people use focus to something but it's actually focus on something so those kind of
00:46:17unlearning is required first to unlearn the wrong things and then adapt where to use what okay so
00:46:23these sessions will help you repeatedly whenever you have doubt you refer to these sessions and then
00:46:27you write okay am i making mistakes so consciously by the time you are ready for the exam you should
00:46:33consciously be aware of what i am writing is correct or not initially you can take help of grammarly when
00:46:39you are writing and then again refer back to these lectures where exactly we discuss those kind of
00:46:43prepositions okay and if you still have doubt you can share share it on the group so i think we
00:46:50even last question you know like sir chose to elaborate there but we are actually going to cover
00:46:56the same thing in the next piece of which is the articles everything about articles yes correct yes sir
00:47:03yeah sure thank you sir thank you very much all right pages this is for you i think your question
00:47:10matches with the question under consideration now i arrived at the office okay i arrived at
00:47:18office at 7 a.m on monday morning excellent actually they are given in the sequence here
00:47:25the first one is uh i believe you know the strategy very good you can do this quiz from yeah from the
00:47:35article uh you know pdf that is shared on the website because you know like answers actually
00:47:40actually given there itself there are no options there so basically you can try to cover it up
00:47:45and then try to practice but make sure you understand the concept now we'll like to move to the article
00:47:50section
00:47:56difference thank you sir thank you very much so you please try this out on your own right log into the portal
00:48:03and uh do it now leela can use it to office can't use that for arrival to office arriving to office
00:48:16yeah once again to the office yeah i'm going to the office from and to arrival a destination you can use it
00:48:26as a but i am at the office means you are there okay you don't say i am uh i am uh to the office
00:48:34i'm at the office i told you see similar examples we have already given in the session just need to
00:48:40rewind it i told you when you are at a cafe restaurant cinema park you have to use act okay those were just
00:48:46examples office is also included in that okay in some places you are also allowed in yeah to use
00:48:57it's not standard
00:49:00okay in a language uh you know like we can't standardize everything because that's how languages are
00:49:08rules scenarios change and then the type of usage also changes
00:49:13yes we shall sir is more of a language expert so he can share more insights on it
00:49:19yeah no sir we just had a comment so maybe depends on the verb that we use along with it
00:49:25okay so at this point we helped you with at least 90 percent of accuracy okay anil so whatever you
00:49:33have learned in the session you can actually start practicing them but when you see a deviation
00:49:40please try to search for such occurrences on the search engine put them on google okay for example
00:49:47you have read something uh that seems to be a deviation from what we have got so what you can
00:49:53do please search the occurrences then you would understand why a particular thing is used in such a
00:49:58way is it a grammatical error or grammatically up to the mark okay once again it all depends on
00:50:05the kind of verb we use i cannot say i'm going at office i can say i'm going to the office why
00:50:12my verb is different this time
00:50:17you understand anil okay i cannot say i'm arriving to office no i'm arriving at the office
00:50:26see again the word the verb that we use along with preposition matters here if you understand this
00:50:32strategy 99 of the times you will shot it right it will be a spot on
00:50:40okay all right let's get into definite and indefinite articles so leela this
00:50:45throws some more light on your question and for all of you it will be an eye opening session as well
00:50:51articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are types of objective okay and are types of
00:51:01adjective we'll see what it means the definite article the is used before the noun indicate that
00:51:08the identity of known is known to the reader okay identity of the noun is known to the reader for
00:51:15example um a while ago i think i used this example right i have a car car is blue now do i know the
00:51:24identity do you know that i have a car already yes but now you would like to know the color of the car
00:51:31which is why i say the car is blue identity is already revealed now you are restating the same
00:51:38noun when you are resetting it you use the even the universe example that you give sir even the
00:51:43universe example that you give yeah yeah yes right something is unique something's identity is known
00:51:53then you use a definite article like the president of united states so we know only there is one unique
00:51:59one exactly right thank you so thank you very much and coming to the indefinite articles
00:52:06a and man it is used before a noun it is general or when its identity is not known there are certain
00:52:16situations in which a noun takes no article at all okay now let's say i cannot say a anneal okay
00:52:27so anneal doesn't need any preposition at all why this is a typical noun proper noun will not take
00:52:35any article okay when we say names we usually don't names of individuals we don't use that word the but
00:52:45if you want to highlight an attribute okay for example let's say uh in this case i can give you some
00:52:56some situations for example a man is walking on the road vishal is walking on the road
00:53:13okay friend now can you tell me why i have used a here man is also known right but what is the difference
00:53:22here visual is objectify a person yeah so i actually identified the name of this person
00:53:34right so when you actually name him or her you directly use it without an article okay all right
00:53:44or even things in general that that's the rule that sir is going to share next where you don't need
00:53:50articles necessarily we have a tendency to put the article a article even when we don't use it or need
00:53:56it sorry yeah right so definite article once again before a singular or plural noun so the is common for
00:54:05both singular and plural but remember a and an are used only for singular you cannot say
00:54:14for plural a bird okay it is a bird you cannot say an umbrella no it's an umbrella so indefinite
00:54:22article is used only for singular nouns not plurals now count nouns it refers to items that can be counted
00:54:30and are either singular or plural okay for example let's say uh two things
00:54:39what did i do what did i do i said the number of i actually mentioned the number of things present
00:54:46i want to mention three things okay with these four things in your mind or four points in your mind
00:54:52these are called your count nouns and non-count refers to items that are not counter when they're always
00:54:57in your mind okay for example if i say um just give me an example
00:55:15okay now constellations so this is a term related to space okay let's take the word space itself
00:55:24now space has got so many things in it right stars planets if you go deep into it you also see black
00:55:32holes right there are many things in it but now what did we do can you count space
00:55:42the space that we are talking about the space present in universe not the space that you and i have in
00:55:49between us okay so these are the kind of things that we uh call non-count nouns okay so now here are some
00:56:02rules should we use articles for count nouns yes rule number one specific identity not known yes use it
00:56:13okay for non-count we don't use it rule number two specific identity known
00:56:19yes for example the universe that is a non-count you cannot count the universe is just one right
00:56:26and coming to uh the plurals for example i can say uh
00:56:34here are the one that are going to teach you here are the ones that are going to teach you so the ones
00:56:43when i mention it what am i trying to do i'm actually mentioning the plural right so plural also work okay
00:56:55all right rule number three all things or things in general no articles okay all right here are some
00:57:05rules again would anyone like to read it for me maybe pages would you like to read this
00:57:15okay specific identity not known use the identity identified articles a or n only with the singular
00:57:28count known whose specific identity is not known for to the reader use before nouns that begin with the
00:57:35consonant a sound and use and before nouns that begins with the vowel sound use the articles a or n to
00:57:42indicate any non-specific members of the group or an before a vowel sound yeah all right thank you so
00:57:51friends remember this sums it up all okay you are using the consonants the definite article
00:58:01the for vowels and vowel sounds and a and an are always used for ringulars hey all right let's get into the next one
00:58:13use sorry use the article a or an to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category
00:58:21for example a car i said right you remember that a man so you know you don't know the identity you are
00:58:28not able to specify a member or a thing when at this one you have to use a or an and you also use a or an
00:58:38to indicate one in number right for example i own a cat and two dogs now what happens
00:58:47you have two kinds of animals with you but you have only one cat with you and you're using a cat i think
00:58:54this is pretty much simple concept friends you just need to understand the logic okay all right
00:59:01rule number three all things or things in general
00:59:05use no radical with plural count norms or non-count norm used to mean all in general what are they
00:59:11trees are beautiful in the fall he was asking for advice i do not like coffee
00:59:19okay do you see the difference here we're talking about all trees advice in general
00:59:26coffee in general do we need articles at all i do not like a coffee can you say
00:59:33no you don't have to i don't like coffee you are talking about coffee in general
00:59:36i don't like tea i don't like cool drinks i don't like beer right so you just
00:59:40use internet without an article okay so do's and don't use the with united countries large reasons
00:59:52for example the united states okay deserts peninsulas oceans seas gulfs canals rivers mountain ranges
01:00:02groups of islands okay here are some examples
01:00:05islands and i think when you have time please do this exercise friends identify
01:00:13what countries would use the along with names the caribbean islands why do we say the caribbean
01:00:21right so try to identify or try to do it as a homework okay because here we just gave you the list
01:00:29but not the names of everything mountain ranges islands then seas the indian ocean right the pacific
01:00:38ocean so just uh take it as a task for your homework do not use the with streets parks cities states
01:00:49counties and most of the countries okay we mentioned that you know for some countries you're still using
01:00:55it but for others you're not japan you cannot say the japan the chicago the mount everest right so
01:01:03please do this as a homework this self-learning would definitely help you to really speak better you'll be
01:01:13one ace up as compared to others around you if you do this okay all right here are some examples and
01:01:20you don't have to worry too much about it because we have covered them all in our exercises today okay
01:01:28and and sir would you like to touch on expanding a sentence yeah i just wanted to share three things
01:01:36about the example page that you were just showing so example number one is a usage of something whose
01:01:42identity is not known i do not want a gun in my hands the gun now you know the identity the gun is
01:01:50it in in the closet okay and then in general the third example i'm afraid of guns in general you
01:01:57are saying so no articles are there so let's move on to the next slide where you combine the simple complex
01:02:06and compound sentences how you combine the subject verb object to play around okay
01:02:12uh leela we don't have time for questions unfortunately uh is it specific to uh the
01:02:19articles or propositions or something else no sir it's okay yeah uh can we take your question in the group
01:02:26please yeah sure thank you so tom plays football we've talked about this before right subject verb and object
01:02:36now see how the you expand the phrases using the knowledge of the things that you have learned
01:02:44play play with something okay and the what is the over here why are we using the definite article
01:02:51because we are trying to be a specific type of football which is around football and what is around
01:02:56in this case is describing the football so it is an adjective tom plays with the so now how many
01:03:05things we have used here adjective to describe the noun number one second thing what we have used is
01:03:12used a preposition to expand or give more information with and then third thing is we have used an article
01:03:20because we are trying to specify that the football is something unique specific type of football that's
01:03:26why the is uh played or if we are just trying to say any type of round football then we can say
01:03:32plays with a round football as well on the third sentence you see now i can add more phrases in
01:03:39the same sentence tom plays football i can add adverbs to describe the world plays beautifully tom plays
01:03:47beautifully and then the remaining part of the sentence with the round football and then what i can do now is
01:03:54i can add more adjectives for the subject so an object already we have done round football now this time
01:04:01i will add more adjective for tom which is also a subject so intelligent is the adjective highly is the
01:04:09adverb that is adding more information to the adjective highly intelligent tom and the highly intelligent tom so
01:04:17there could be so many toms around in the world i want to be specific to that guy who is highly intelligent
01:04:23so that's why i used the the highly intelligent tom plays beautifully with a round football see
01:04:31we began with three words and now we have played around to come up with such a longer sentence
01:04:39okay so even when you are using the phrases in the exam and writing uh using the templates so the
01:04:45template will say like the speaker was describing and then you can add some uh or what type of words
01:04:52do we call it special sir like how and when these type of words you can add and then you can begin with
01:04:58the same concept subject verb object the speaker was describing how and then think about who did what
01:05:05and put three words first who did what okay let's talk about the lecture was scientists conducting some
01:05:11experiment and you can say the speaker was describing put how scientists conducting experiments were
01:05:19conducting actually because in the past and then you can add more information to the phrase the expert
01:05:27scientist adding adjectives or you can say the expert scientists were conducting the odd experiments or new
01:05:37experiments beautifully or expertly adverbs there to describe how they were conducting the experiment are
01:05:45you getting the point getting the idea how we just keep on different type of words to the subject
01:05:50verb object to expand the phrase and how do we make compound sentences
01:05:57we use some conjunctions in the middle so you can combine two phrases like this the highly intelligent
01:06:02and tom plays beautifully with the round football put a comma and then and again another phrase he eats
01:06:11ld food again subject verb object comma again another conjunction but again subject verb object he does not
01:06:19listen to music or he listens to music again he listens to is required with listen and music so again subject
01:06:28verb object subject verb object is keep on repeating if you follow this particular concept so i want you guys
01:06:34to go back today and start writing phrases start with three words and then add adjectives for subject and object
01:06:43add adverbs for the verb and then you can add further adverbs for the adjectives that were used for the
01:06:50subjects and objects i hope i did not confuse you too much the previous slide will give you a picture of what
01:06:56i'm trying to say and then complex sentences you don't need to worry too much about the complex sentences
01:07:02because no one is asking you to write complex sentences even in the exam when you go so can we
01:07:08move to the next slide even in the exam when you go you will have half of the sentence written for you
01:07:15in the template the remaining half you have to write it on your own indirectly it is going to create
01:07:20complex sentences so you don't need to explicitly write complex sentences but that's how
01:07:26you begin like although not only this but also so you have a main clause and a subordinate clause there
01:07:33could be multiple subordinate clauses but absolutely one main clause at least one subordinate clause that
01:07:39is what is called as complex sentence although the highly intelligent tom plays beautifully with the
01:07:44round football and then add contrasting information he struggles with cricket or you can say additional
01:07:51information like not only tom plays beautifully with the round football but also he plays very nicely in
01:07:58cricket or plays cricket beautifully not only but also so as well as whereas you can use them to expand
01:08:08and make complex sentences so that's the only difference and as i told you you don't need to
01:08:13write any complex sentences on your own just for your awareness we are covering it but no one is asking you
01:08:19to write them on your own in the exam the main formula is to expand using the subject verb object and don't
01:08:25make any grammatical mistakes all the knowledge of articles prepositions and the grammar that were shared with you
01:08:32today and yesterday are very very useful for you so make sure you revise this concept start writing
01:08:39simple phrases every single day you might have seen some success stories on the whatsapp group
01:08:44and even the video that i shared about uh ladies uh the girl from caribbean 25 points in three weeks she
01:08:52jumped just by following these concepts so you all can also do wherever you are whether you are at 40
01:08:58currently or you are at 60 you want to get to 79 you need to fix these basic things everyone
01:09:05no exceptions okay because i can see in the class a lot of you have still have wrong learnings in your mind
01:09:12that you tend to use it and uh what i encourage also people to even start speaking grammatically accurate
01:09:19even in the pt exam even though it is not marking your grammar for speaking but unless you are not speaking
01:09:27correctly your mind when you are writing you will think that okay whatever i am speaking is correct
01:09:33so you are going to write the same thing everything is connected right so speaking will keep on or
01:09:41reinforce those learnings in your mind okay if you start speaking correctly you are also going to write
01:09:46correctly but at least begin with the learnings and then start it implementing don't just go idle
01:09:54after these sessions and just start attending the questions the exam or on the portal you need to
01:10:01perfect these techniques first before you actually start any practice otherwise same kind of score same
01:10:07kind of mistakes every time you send me feedback i will see same kind of mistakes happening i'll give
01:10:12the same kind of feedbacks then again you will keep on repeating because you are not improving your mistakes
01:10:17mistakes so what will happen scores will not rise okay that's the hard truth and you should all realize
01:10:25it that if you can fix it everything will work out for you same way as others are being successful in
01:10:32the exam you can also do it it's not a rocket science only needs direction and study plan is going to give
01:10:39you that direction we are going to give you that direction already giving in the classes okay so
01:10:44follow that all right guys i think it was a long session but very much needed for your writing module and
01:10:51just wanted to add more thanks for vishal sir for covering these topics in detail now when you go to
01:10:58some people might have attended some classes uh in other places they don't even bother to talk about
01:11:04these things the classes just focusing on short shortcuts strategies grammar shortcuts that's it
01:11:12serving it on a single silver platter to you and you think that's what i need in the exam but you
01:11:18have to focus on the basic english believe me that works for everyone
01:11:25okay no more chance from me thanks for attending we'll see you guys tomorrow bye
01:11:32thank you sir bye thank you thank you everyone see you in the next session bye bye bye good night
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