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  • 3 months ago
Sumpah Pemuda adalah salah satu tonggak penting dalam sejarah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia. Ikrar yang lahir pada 28 Oktober 1928 ini bukan sekadar pertemuan biasa, melainkan sebuah pernyataan tekad dari para pemuda Nusantara untuk bersatu dalam semangat kebangsaan yang melampaui sekat-sekat kedaerahan, bahasa, dan suku.




Namun, di balik momen bersejarah itu, banyak fakta menarik dan juga sejumlah mitos yang sering berkembang di masyarakat.

Latar Belakang Lahirnya Sumpah Pemuda



Awal abad ke-20 menjadi masa kebangkitan nasional Indonesia. Kesadaran kolektif mulai tumbuh setelah lahirnya Budi Utomo (1908), disusul berbagai organisasi seperti Jong Java, Jong Sumatera, Jong Ambon, Jong Celebes, hingga Perhimpunan Indonesia di Belanda.




Para pemuda mulai menyadari bahwa penjajahan tidak bisa dilawan hanya dengan semangat kedaerahan. Mereka melihat bahwa bangsa-bangsa di dunia yang berhasil meraih kemerdekaan, seperti di Asia dan Eropa, melakukannya dengan persatuan nasional.


Kongres Pemuda pertama diadakan tahun 1926, namun hasilnya belum memuaskan. Dua tahun kemudian, pada 27–28 Oktober 1928, diadakan Kongres Pemuda II di Jakarta (waktu itu Batavia), dipimpin oleh tokoh-tokoh muda seperti Soegondo Djojopoespito, Wage Rudolf Supratman, Muhammad Yamin, dan Amir Sjarifoeddin.




Di sinilah lahir ikrar yang kini kita kenal sebagai Sumpah Pemuda, terdiri dari tiga janji luhur:

Bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia.
Berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia.
Menjunjung bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.
Fakta-Fakta Menarik tentang Sumpah Pemuda

Lagu “Indonesia Raya” pertama kali diperdengarkan.
Wage Rudolf Supratman memainkan lagu ini dengan biola secara instrumental pada akhir kongres. Lagu ini kelak menjadi lagu kebangsaan Indonesia.

Kata “Sumpah Pemuda” tidak tertulis dalam naskah aslinya.
Nama itu baru diberikan kemudian oleh para sejarawan dan masyarakat untuk menandai ikrar tersebut.

Bahasa Indonesia sudah digunakan sebelum kemerdekaan.
Padahal pada masa itu, bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa antar suku. Namun para pemuda memilih menyebutnya “bahasa Indonesia” untuk menegaskan identitas baru yang bersifat nasional.

Kongres Pemuda II diadakan di tiga lokasi berbeda.
Yaitu di Gedung Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Gedung Oost-Java Bioscoop, dan di Gedung Indonesische Clubgebouw di Jalan Kramat Raya 106 (sekarang Museum Sumpah Pemuda).

Mitos-Mitos Seputar Sumpah Pemuda

“Sumpah Pemuda disusun oleh pemerintah kolonial.”
Ini mitos. Faktanya, Sumpah Pemuda adalah murni hasil inisiatif organisasi-organisasi pemuda tanpa campur tangan pemerintah Belanda.

“Semua tokoh Sumpah Pemuda berasal dari Jawa.”
Tidak benar. Kongres dihadiri perwakilan dari berbagai daerah di Nusantara: Sumatera, Sulawesi, Maluku, Kalimantan, hingga Nusa Tenggara.

“Sumpah Pemuda langsung memerdekakan Indonesia.”
Juga mitos. Sumpah Pemuda adalah fondasi kesadaran nasional yang menumbuhkan semangat persatuan. Kemerdekaan baru tercapai 17 tahun kemudian, tahun 1945.

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Transcript
00:00Hello Indonesian friends, have you ever asked,
00:04What actually happened on October 28, 1928?
00:11Why is the Youth Pledge considered so important?
00:14Even every year we always commemorate it?
00:16So, in this episode, we will have a relaxed but meaningful chat about the facts and myths behind the Youth Pledge,
00:23and how that spirit is still very relevant to our lives today.
00:27The beginning of the spirit of unity is the story, at the beginning of the 20th century the atmosphere was hot and cold,
00:33The Indonesian nation was still colonized by the Dutch, but the seeds of awareness began to grow.
00:37The youths from various regions, there are Jong Java, Jong Sumatra, Jong Ambon, Jong Celebes, and many more,
00:44began to realize, if we continue to fight alone, Indonesia will never be independent.
00:50They saw examples of other nations who were able to escape from colonialism and the secret was only one, unity.
00:56Finally, they got together.
00:59The first Youth Congress was held in 1926, but the results were not satisfactory.
01:05Only two years later, to be precise on 27 and 28 October 1928, the 2nd Youth Congress was held in Batavia,
01:14or Jakarta now.
01:15Led by young figures such as Sugondo Joyo Puspito, Muhammad Yamin, Amir Syarifuddin, and of course Wageh Rudolf Supratman,
01:24which will later play the song Indonesia Raya for the first time.
01:29There are three thrilling vows.
01:31At the end of the Congress, the youth agreed to recite three pledges that shook history.
01:35Well, interestingly, in the original manuscript there were no words like Youth Pledge.
01:55The name only appeared later, given by the people and historians after seeing how significant the event was.
02:03Facts that are rarely known are as follows.
02:06First, the song Indonesia Raya.
02:09It was first heard instrumentally, played on the violin by Wageh Rudolf Supratman at the end of the Congress.
02:15Imagine, at that time the young people heard it with feelings of emotion and pride.
02:20Second, the Indonesian language mentioned in the Youth Pledge is actually Malay.
02:24But the youth chose to call it Indonesian as a symbol of the birth of a new identity that unites all tribes and regions.
02:33And thirdly, the Congress was held in three different places, you know.
02:37Starting from the Kejongenlingen Bon Catholic Building, continue at the OOS Java Bioskup,
02:42and closed in Indonesia Shiklub Gebau on Jalan Kramat Raya 106, which is now known as the Youth Pledge Museum.
02:50It turns out there are also myths that are often misunderstood.
02:52But, you know, there are also several myths that often circulate about the Youth Pledge.
02:58First, some say that the Youth Pledge was orchestrated by the Dutch.
03:01In fact, it's not at all.
03:03This is purely an initiative of Indonesian youth who have a far-sighted vision.
03:08Second, there are those who believe that all the figures in the Youth Pledge were Javanese.
03:13Very wrong.
03:13In fact, this Congress was attended by youth from various regions of the archipelago.
03:19Sumatra, Sulawesi, Maluku, Kalimantan, even Nusa Tenggara.
03:23And third, many people think that the Youth Pledge immediately made Indonesia independent.
03:29Not really.
03:29However, this event became the foundation of national awareness that fostered a spirit of unity.
03:37Without the Youth Pledge, the spirit of August 17, 1945 might not have been as strong.
03:44Know that the Youth Pledge has a meaning that is always relevant in the present and in the future.
03:51So, if we move to the present, the spirit of the Youth Pledge is still very relevant.
03:55Times may change, technology may become more sophisticated, but the challenges to unity are actually greater.
04:01Differences in ethnicity, religion, political views, and even differences in cyberspace sometimes make us forget that we are one nation.
04:08The Youth Pledge reminds us that Indonesia's true strength lies not in uniformity,
04:14but because of the diversity that unites.
04:17So, when you see the red and white flag waving, or hear the song Indonesia Raya reverberating,
04:23Remember, behind all of this is the spirit of the young men and women of 1928 who dared to dream and unite for their beloved homeland.
04:33Friends of the archipelago, may the spirit of the Youth Pledge live on in all our hearts.
04:38Because as they used to say,
04:40We, the sons and daughters of Indonesia, have one nation, one language, one blood, Indonesia.
04:49Let us continue to uphold this pledge, whatever our background as Indonesians.
04:54United we stand, divided we fall.
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