- 2 days ago
This is an in-depth Met Office UK Weather forecast for the next week and beyond.
High pressure is stuck over the UK. So is a large sheet of low cloud. How and when will high pressure - and the low cloud - become unstuck?
Bringing you this deep dive is Met Office meteorologist Aidan McGivern.
High pressure is stuck over the UK. So is a large sheet of low cloud. How and when will high pressure - and the low cloud - become unstuck?
Bringing you this deep dive is Met Office meteorologist Aidan McGivern.
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NewsTranscript
00:00High pressure is here and it's stuck on top of the UK throughout this week.
00:05But if you're expecting the same kind of sunshine records that we saw during the spring
00:10under similar circumstances, well you'll be disappointed unless you're on top of a mountain
00:15in Scotland. Most of us have also got gloomy skies because a layer of low cloud is also
00:22stuck over the top of the UK throughout this week. Why is the high stuck? Why is the low
00:28cloud stuck? And when will either shift? I'll be taking a look at those aspects of this week's
00:35weather forecast in the Met Office Deep Dive. We do these every Tuesday. If you enjoy them,
00:39tell your friends about them, spread the word, send us a comment, a like and of course if you
00:45haven't already please do subscribe to our YouTube channel. It'll only encourage us to do more of this
00:50sort of thing. Now before I get started talking about the anti-cyclonic gloom and the causes of it,
00:58well it's worth remembering that it has actually been a remarkably sunny year so far. So what we're
01:05seeing this week is a bit of a blip compared with the last few months. And just to prove the point,
01:10I've got a sunshine graph here that shows how each month's sunshine has played out for the last 10
01:19years. So each of these bars represents a month where we've got a yellow colour above the black line
01:24in the middle. It shows an above average sunny month and where we've got a grey line underneath
01:30the black bar it shows a duller than average month. And I thought this was interesting because
01:34it shows how many months so far this year have been much sunnier than average. January,
01:40not February. February is the only one so far, not including October of course, so far that has been duller
01:48than average. Because since March, we've had seven consecutive sunnier than average months. A
01:55particularly sunny spring. In fact, it was, if you remember, the sunniest spring on record. And then
02:01each of the summer months was sunnier than average. And September, even though we saw a lot of rain in
02:06September, it was still sunnier than average. These are UK values, of course. It has varied a little bit
02:11region to region. But most regions have seen a lot of sunny months so far this year. And the fact that
02:18we've had seven consecutive sunnier than average months, well, look back at the last 100 years or so,
02:24it's not happened in the past 100 years or so, just a bit more than 100 years back to, I think, 1910.
02:30And that just shows how remarkable this seven consecutive month spell has been. I imagine October might break that
02:42consecutive running streak because of the dull weather that we've got this week. And in fact, it's similar to
02:49last autumn. So if you look at that, all these duller than average months last autumn and particularly
02:55December, this grey spike way down last December, a very dull month. And this is the last time we were
03:02talking about anti-cyclonic gloom. Why was December so gloomy? Why was the spring so sunny? What's the
03:12same reason for both? Because if I show you the pressure setup for December, this is the pressure
03:19anomaly for last December. And it shows this great big high pressure dominant over the UK. But also
03:26in April 2025, a great big high pressure dominant over the UK. So we had these spells of high pressure
03:35throughout last autumn and into December and throughout the spring, but with very different
03:40results. In the autumn and in the winter, we saw a lot of low cloud, very gloomy weather. In the spring,
03:47we saw a lot of sunshine. Why is there that difference? Well, it all comes down to the strength
03:53of the sun effectively. And this is illustrated by looking at a tephigram. In other words, an upper
04:00air observation. So this is where we send a weather balloon up into the atmosphere and we measure a
04:05number of things. We measure the wind speed. That's what's shown on the right here. We also measure the
04:09air temperature and the dew point temperature. Now the dew point temperature takes into account the
04:13temperature and the moisture in the atmosphere. So it's effectively measuring the temperature at which
04:20the air has to be cooled for the atmosphere to become saturated. And this graph here shows what
04:29that weather balloon taken from Northumberland, Albemarle, on Sunday morning, and there's a reason
04:36I chose Sunday morning. Sunday morning, what that recorded. So it went up in the atmosphere. Now
04:41normally you expect temperature to decrease when you go higher in the atmosphere, but there is a point
04:45down here at about 700 or 800 meters where the temperature actually increased just by here.
04:51And at the same time, the dew point went way down. A really dramatic drop in dew point temperature.
04:59Now this is called an inversion. And what we've got in the lowest 700 or 800 meters is
05:04a lot of mild moist air and that's where the low cloud is. So where you've got the dew point temperature
05:09and the air temperature coming together, that's where you've got cloud basically. And they're coming
05:13right together there about 700 meters or so towards the surface. But then immediately above that,
05:18you've got this inversion where the temperature actually rises with height, but the dew point goes
05:22down. So it becomes very, very dry. And this is typical of high pressure because in high pressure,
05:28you get sinking air, that sinking air warms up and dries up. So as a result, you get all this clear air
05:36right the way down towards the surface. But at the surface, you've got this small layer of warmer
05:43and moister air because of basically, that's where we've got the land, we've got the sea. So we've got
05:48all these dynamics that are happening near the surface, this rising bubble of air up to a certain point,
05:54up to the inversion. Above the inversion, all the air is sinking, drying and warming up. And most of the UK
06:02has been covered by this thin layer of moist and mild air through this week, hence the low cloud.
06:09But there are some places that are poking above that low cloud. And if we had the same atmosphere
06:18in the spring and summer, when the sun is so much stronger, what the sun can do then is it can give
06:25the air towards the surface enough buoyancy to break through that inversion. So it lifts the low cloud
06:30into the drier air above, it mixes it all up. And so sometimes you start off with low cloud in the
06:36summer during the morning, but then the sun lifts it into the drier air above. It all gets stirred up and
06:42you get a nice sunny late morning afternoon period, similar in the spring. But at this time of year,
06:49the sun isn't strong enough to give it that buoyancy to lift it into that drier zone above.
06:54And so it all stays trapped. That low cloud remains trapped because the sun is too weak to lift it into
06:59the drier air above. However, in this kind of situation, there's another mechanism for getting
07:06some sunshine out of this situation. And that mechanism is to rise above it. And that's what
07:11the hills and mountains of the UK can do. And that is, in fact, what we saw, given the fact that this,
07:17the lid on that low cloud, the top of it is 700 or 800 meters. There are, of course, parts of the Pennines,
07:23the Scottish mountains that are above that. And we saw this remarkable footage, Richard Peacock credited for
07:30this slight side lake district, not far from where that balloon observation was taken. So about the
07:39same time, this is Sunday, and you can see there's the low cloud, but he's above it. He's above that
07:46inversion, clear skies, and very dry air as well. It's worth mentioning that about the same time,
07:55Sunday morning as that weather observation was taken, the weather balloon. We saw a remarkable
08:01observation that was taken on Great Dunfell, Pennines, and that's 847 meters high. And that
08:10observation gave a temperature of, on Sunday, the maximum temperature there was 20.4 Celsius. That was
08:19the warmest place in the UK on Sunday, but also a dew point of about minus 18, minus 19 Celsius. And so
08:26they had a relative humidity of 4%. That's drier than a lot of the world's deserts. So you get above
08:31that low cloud where the relative humidity, of course, is 100% because the air is saturated. That's
08:37what it means when you're in a cloud. And suddenly the relative humidity drops down to 4% on top of the
08:42Pennines, and it's the warmest spot in the UK. That was also Great Dunfell's warmest October day
08:48on record. So quite remarkable things can happen in these situations where you get high pressure,
08:53you get the drying and the sinking of the air, and you get the sunshine above an inversion.
09:01Not only that, but you can also see where the cloud breaks up over the mountains and stays clear
09:08downwind of the mountains. Here's a satellite image from Monday afternoon. Here's Wales, by the way,
09:18there's London, there's East Anglia, there's Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.
09:24Most of the UK blanketed by this thin layer of low cloud. But parts of Northern England,
09:30particularly where we've got the Pennines, North Wales, Scotland, seeing the best breaks. And they've
09:36all got one thing in common, they've got mountains. So where the air is moving over the mountains, not
09:40only the hills poking above the low cloud, but the movement of the low cloud over the mountains helps
09:47to just mix it into that drier air and create large gaps, even where you haven't got mountains,
09:52so you've got the air downwind of higher ground. And one last thing I want to show you, this observation
09:59taken on Cairngorm. And this is the trend in air temperature and dew point taken from I think midday
10:09Sunday through to 8am Monday. And so this shows how the air temperature, which is the yellow line,
10:17didn't vary much. On top of Cairngorm, so this is 1200 metres or so high. And the air temperature
10:23wriggled about a little bit, but typically it's around 8 degrees, rising up to 12 degrees there,
10:29typically staying around 8 to 12 degrees during that 36 hour period or so. But the white line is
10:37the dew point. So this is a measure of how much water vapour is in the air. And at first, it was
10:43bang on, the same as the air temperature. So where they're together, obviously Cairngorm is in the
10:49cloud at that point. But during Sunday evening, from about 5pm, you see this steep drop in dew point
10:58temperature from about 8 degrees down to minus 28 degrees. 30 degree drop in three hours. And that's
11:06simply the inversion dropping in height. So it can go a bit higher, it can go a bit lower, depending on
11:13how the high is shifting around, how the winds are changing, but a dramatic drop there. And all of a
11:20sudden, there's this stark difference between the dew point and the air temperature. So on top of Cairngorm,
11:26you'd go from being in cloud to being above the cloud and having beautiful clear skies above. And
11:34it's such a difference in such a short distance from being in that low cloud to being out of it. And it's
11:43such a thin layer of low cloud. This is one of the things that I think about when I think there are
11:48certain aspects of meteorology where a very small difference in the weather has a big impact on how we
11:57feel the weather. Another one might be the transition between, say, one degree and raining and minus one
12:07degree and snowing. Big impact there from raining to 10 centimetres of snow on the ground. You're only seeing a
12:14temperature shift of a degree or two. You wouldn't necessarily notice a temperature shift of a degree or two if
12:20it was 17 degrees and raining. But you do, obviously, when it's reaching that threshold. It's similar with low cloud.
12:26It's such a thin layer of low cloud. It's such a small difference when you look at the bigger picture, whether you've
12:32got a bit of cloud in that layer or no cloud. But on the ground, it's a huge difference whether you've got grey gloomy
12:41skies or whether you've got sunny conditions. And that's why in this kind of situation this week,
12:46the computer models struggle with modelling the low cloud. It's shifting about. It's very fickle.
12:55It's a very thin layer. It'll get broken up by some hills and mountains and not by others. It will pass
13:01over slightly drier parts of the land and slightly moister parts of the land. And where that thin layer
13:08of low cloud remains or where it gets broken up is very difficult to model where you've got high
13:13pressure slap bang over the UK and very little wind. So the models have a hard time predicting it and
13:18modelling it. And so your weather apps will not necessarily give the best guidance about whether
13:24it's going to be sunny or cloudy. And you think such a big difference in our perception of the weather,
13:32whether it's grey skies or blue skies and strong sunshine. But ultimately, it's only a very subtle
13:37difference in the computer modelling of the atmosphere. So that's why your weather apps might
13:43be a little bit wrong at times this week, essentially. And I'm sure we'll get a lot of comments about that.
13:49Now, moving on to the forecast and addressing the question about why high pressure is stuck over the UK,
13:59why it's been with us for the past week or so, and why it's going to continue to be with us
14:04for some days to come. I want to take a look at the much bigger picture
14:09and count the number of ridges and troughs in the atmosphere. So this is a global picture,
14:14you can see Africa there, there's the UK just by there, Scandinavia, North America.
14:21And this is a very nice way of being able to count how many wriggles in the jet stream there are,
14:27because there are quite a few at the moment. Let's count them. It's the couplets of red and orange.
14:32I've gone through this before in a previous deep dive. But what we've got here is we've got a blue
14:37area over eastern parts of North America, a red area or orange area over, that was western parts
14:44of North America, red area over eastern parts of North America, and then a blue area over the
14:49Atlantic, red area over the UK. Where we've got the blues, of course, we've got lower pressure,
14:55we've got the jet stream dipping to form a trough where we've got the orange areas. We've got a ridge,
15:00we've got high pressure. So we've got the high pressure over the UK, the jet stream well to the
15:05north at the moment. Then we've got this trough, this low pressure over eastern parts of Europe,
15:11and then another high pressure over central parts of Asia, and so on. But if we count the blues,
15:16one, two, three, four, I think there were five actually when I counted before. Let's count the reds,
15:24one, two, three, four, five. There's effectively five of these wriggles. So what we call it is a
15:31wave number five pattern. And again, I talked about this in previous deep dives, but if you haven't
15:36watched them, then this basically is a measure of how wriggly the jet stream is. A more typical
15:43pattern would be a wave number three pattern where you've got three big ridges and troughs and a
15:48more, a flatter jet stream that wriggles less, but with these broader waves. And so this is a situation
15:59where you've got more wriggles and they're a bit more amplified. And this particular number, wave
16:06number five, but there's also another one called wave number seven. They are particularly interesting
16:12because they can persist for longer than say wave number three or wave number four. What I mean by
16:19that is that when you get a wave number five pattern, the ridges and troughs, the highs and lows, tend to
16:25get stuck in the same place. So simply by counting the wriggles in the jet stream, we can figure out whether
16:31these highs and lows are going to stay in the same place. And the reason they stay in the same place
16:36is because it matches this wriggly pattern, this frequency matches the naturally occurring frequency
16:48from the topography of the Northern Hemisphere. What do I mean by that? What I mean is that there are
16:55stationary highs and lows that we find in the Northern Hemisphere as a result of the jet stream
17:02meandering over hills and continents and oceans and so on. So when the jet stream, for example,
17:10the Rockies is a good example. When the jet stream meets the Rockies, it slows down. It kind of piles
17:17up over the top of the Rockies. So you get higher pressure there. It's forced to pile up over the
17:23Rockies. And then on the other side of the Rockies, you get lower pressure as it all whooshes back through
17:29again. And so you get a natural frequency that is about the size of a continent where you've got
17:37a ridge on one side and a trough on the other. Now, sometimes the jet stream can be as a result of
17:44thunderstorms in the Pacific or deep lows that are ex-hurricanes or so on that that come into the
17:51Atlantic or ex-typhoons in the Pacific. Sometimes the jet stream can be a very different frequency
17:58to that naturally occurring frequency. And then you've got the two frequencies working against
18:04each other. But if the jet stream sets itself up so that it is roughly the same frequency as the lows
18:12and highs. Let's see if this will work with a pen. That's the wrong one. Here we go. I haven't tried
18:19this out to practice so it might. That's way too small. Let's try that one. Okay.
18:32This is live experimenting with my pen to see if I can explain it better. Let's see. So sometimes
18:40the jet stream will, for example, come over like this and like this and these broad meanders. But that
18:50frequency is different to the naturally occurring one as a result of the Rockies.
18:57Other times it will match the frequency that we've got coming in. It will be over lower
19:03wavelength and you'll get the ups and downs in the frequency working together, basically. And when
19:14that happens, those troughs amplify, the ridges amplify, so the frequencies are working together.
19:22So this is what's known as planetary scale resonance, basically. And when that happens,
19:28the whole thing becomes amplified and it stops moving along. And that's what we've seen this week,
19:35essentially. The whole thing becomes amplified. It starts off, say, over eastern parts of the
19:40Pacific into North America. And then that same frequency works its way across the globe, amplifying
19:47all the while and becoming stuck, leading to high pressure in the same place through the week, low
19:51pressure in the same place through the week, until something happens. And in fact, something is going to
19:57happen this week. We've been trying to locate the source of this disturbance to the jet stream this
20:05week that results in a big pattern shift later in the weekend. But actually, it's one of the
20:10situations where it's really quite messy and it is difficult to locate the disturbance. But it's
20:14something to do with a deep low in the Pacific or some thunderstorms in the Pacific that cause this
20:22jet stream pattern over North America to shift. And that disturbance then ends up spoiling the whole
20:30pattern so that it becomes very different for next week. So planetary scale resonance wave number five
20:37pattern. I know I've not described that as best as I was expecting to. Maybe I'll come back to it in a
20:44future deep dive. It is actually a bit more relevant in the summer because there's some research that
20:49suggest it's a weather pattern that's becoming more common in the summer months and can lead to
20:54persistent heat waves in places. So yeah, I think one to return to in the summer when we talk about
21:01heat waves. But for now, let's take a look at how the weather's changing through this week. Now we've
21:06got the high all week, we've got this slowly shifting low cloud covering the UK breaking up in places,
21:14as I say, difficult to model. Friday, high pressure still in roughly the same place. Saturday, it's
21:20moving. It's starting to migrate, albeit slowly, to the east. Weather front starting to appear. So
21:27Saturday starts off, for most of us, a lot of fine weather. And in fact, with that change in wind
21:32direction, a bit more sunshine for many of us. So we're starting to lift the anti-cyclonic gloom.
21:38However, it's not till Sunday that the low in the Atlantic begins to break through and begins to
21:44arrive from the west. Now this is where the Met Office model has that low, just to the northwest of
21:51the UK by midday Sunday. Swinging some weather fronts in, outbreaks of rain turning up, most likely
21:58in this situation, drier towards the east. We don't just look at the Met Office model, of course, we look
22:04at lots of different models. And now we've got the ECMWF data in our system. We can look at all these
22:11different model simulations that ECMWF run of their model. The zero simulation there, that's the control
22:18model. So it's the same starting positions as their operational model or their high resolution model.
22:25And then we've got all these different runs where the starting conditions are slightly tweaked to see
22:31how much that makes a difference. If I fast forward to Sunday, about the same time, let's go back a bit,
22:39about the same time as that Met Office model run, the control models got the low pressure to the
22:44southwest. So rain coming more into the southwest of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and so on.
22:49Remember the Met Office model had it there. But for this same time, where we could pick all sorts of
22:56different model runs and they have the low pressure in all sorts of different positions. They've all got
23:01it moving in. But there's a big spread by this stage in terms of whether it's to the southwest of
23:06the UK or to the northwest of the UK. Now the Met Office ensemble, all the different members of the
23:12Met Office ensemble run, had the low pressure more shifted towards the northwest of the UK. The European
23:18will have more towards the southwest. And in fact, we can show all the various tracks of that low
23:27on here as well. So the blue lines are each track from each model run. And if I play this forwards,
23:34this is Sunday. Not that many tracks actually, initially. That's partly because of differences
23:41in timings of that low as it moves in, but also partly because it's not that deep. So they're quite
23:48faint blue lines. We're not looking at the brighter colors here, which would indicate a particularly deep
23:53and stormy low. We're looking at a fairly shallow area of low pressure. This is Sunday night.
23:58And then if I play it forward, you'll see by dawn on Monday, we've got more of these lines appearing. So
24:04yeah, the track of that initial low could be anywhere from northwest of Scotland to southwest of England
24:11or even northeast of England. And there's not only differences, slight differences in the depth, but also
24:16differences in its timing. So 24 hour differences, whether it's Sunday or Monday that that moves
24:23across the UK in some of these model simulations, and also differences in its latitude. So a lot to
24:28play for with this low. And it's not surprising, really, we've got high pressure that's quite dominant
24:33over the UK. And when we get these blocking highs in place, they can be difficult to shift. And the computer
24:39models can be, they can find it challenging to model when exactly the high will give way and allow these lows
24:45to turn up. You'll notice another low hot on the heels of that one in between, a little bit of a ridge.
24:53But if I play this forward, this low coming in, also some uncertainty about the track of it.
25:00This is the initial low, all the tracks that eventually make their way across the UK during
25:04Monday and Tuesday next week. Either way, there's going to be outbreaks of rain slowly crossing the UK
25:10Monday and Tuesday. Then a respite, perhaps Wednesday, Thursday, before this next low turns up. And again,
25:16a big spread in the tracks of this. Not only that, but we're seeing some deeper lows in some of the
25:22model runs as well. So this low perhaps a bit more of a larger and deeper feature than the initial low.
25:30Here's the initial low clearing by this stage into Denmark, into Norway and Sweden. The next low coming
25:37along, more likely by the looks of it to push to the northwest of the UK rather than the southwest.
25:42But again, a lot to play for. There's a number of different tracks here. And if I play that forward,
25:47you can see how those tracks evolve through time. So yeah, a lot, a lot to play for, like I say.
25:54But there are some themes that we can pick out for next week. And the best way to visualize these themes
25:59is to take a look at the summary of not only the European model simulations, but the Met Office
26:08simulations, the American simulations from the GFS model. And this shows the summary of all of those
26:15by weather pattern for the next two weeks. So this shows the next two weeks. We've got Monday the 27th
26:22of October at the end here. And the most likely weather patterns, the probability of these various
26:29weather patterns for each day. Typically high pressure dominated weather patterns are in the reds
26:34and oranges and the blue colors represent low pressure dominated weather patterns. So you can see a big
26:39change around Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, where we go from the reds to the blues. What do they look like?
26:47Well, there's a selection of different types of blues. It's blues all the way through next week. So yeah,
26:53low pressure dominated. But the different colors indicate a lot of uncertainty about what type of
26:59low and where it goes. Just to click on the most likely there for Tuesday, the 21st of October.
27:05Here's the UK. And I'll take off the rain there because it's difficult to see the UK. There's so much rain.
27:11There's the low just to the west of Ireland, south to southwest of the airflow and put the rain back on.
27:20The brightest colors there across parts of Wales, the south and southwest. So that's the most likely.
27:24But if I click on the second most likely, you can see the low pressure in a bit of a different
27:28position. It's more in the North Sea. Again, some bright colors there across the country indicating a
27:33lot of wet weather through the through the day on Tuesday. And it's similar on Wednesday.
27:40This is the most likely. But this is another plausible scenario. Again, a lot of wet weather
27:46with this low pressure in a slightly different position. Here's another area of low pressure
27:52clearing to the North Sea. And here's another scenario, for example, again, bright colors there
27:56for Western Scotland, Western England and Wales. So in other words, let's put the temperature anomalies on
28:03as well. Slightly cooler than average because of the wind and the rain and so on. But not much. In fact,
28:10we click on other model runs. Bang on average there for that scenario. So yeah, next week,
28:18the general theme is low pressure dominated spells of rain. But these low pressures are going to move
28:25slowly across the UK. So these are slow moving spells of rain, most likely affecting western and
28:31southern parts of the UK. But all areas likely to see some wet weather. And that's really summed up
28:38up by this, which is from the European model again. And it shows the seven days from Monday,
28:44the 20th to the Monday, the 27th of October, the rainfall anomaly for next week. And
28:51this is next week, actually, the previous one. We'll go back to it just to show the contrast.
28:57This is this week, much drier than average across the north and west of the UK in particular.
29:03And then this is next week, Monday to Monday, much wetter than average across the south and the east
29:09in particular. Of course, all areas like to see spells of rain. But compared with average,
29:13the south and southeast is a drier part of the UK in October. So spells of rain through next week are
29:20likely to be more above average than, say, for the likes of western Scotland, even if the magnitude
29:24of rain in western Scotland is higher than towards the southeast. That sums it up for next week. But
29:31just to look a bit further ahead and go back to our graphics here. In fact, is it this one? Here we go.
29:42The top three most likely weather scenarios or weather patterns. There are some signals.
29:51This is next Wednesday, but going into Monday, the 27th of October, for example. And there are some
29:59themes that we can pick out. One of them is that low pressure is more likely to the east with higher
30:06pressure to the west. That's what these top three scenarios are showing and some other model output
30:10that I looked at earlier. That low pressure to the east with higher pressure to the west
30:16would give more of a northwesterly airflow. Still quite showery, not necessarily completely calm and
30:21settled. But with a northwesterly airflow for Monday, the 27th of October, so the last few days of
30:28the month, that would mean lower temperatures. A little bit lower, but not much lower. We're not talking
30:33about a cold spell by any stretch of the imagination. So next week, fairly average temperatures. Spells of
30:41rain slowly moving across the UK as low pressure finally returns. The one uncertainty there is
30:47when exactly it becomes widespread across the UK and the track it takes. But next week's looking
30:53fairly wet with low pressure in charge. Then by the weekend, at the end of next week, we start to see
31:00this transition where low pressure is more shifted to the east, higher pressure to the west, perhaps more
31:04of a northwesterly and cooling down of things, but also staying fairly showery with that northwesterly
31:12airflow. One last thing I forgot to mention, a little fact to leave you with, and it's on the topic of low
31:17cloud because I was talking to our expert meteorologists upstairs about the inversion. Loads of interesting
31:23stuff around inversions actually, and here's one that I wanted to pass on courtesy of Neil Armstrong
31:29and Dan Holley, who I was chatting to about inversions. If you were to stand, say, in that low cloud layer,
31:39just below the inversion on top of a hill, and you were to shout at a mate or yodel, that's what they
31:46suggested, at a mate on a different hill, also just below the inversion, then that's quite an effective
31:53telecommunications technique because the sound wave would not necessarily go above the inversion. It would
32:00bounce along the bottom of the inversion and allow sound to travel much further than it would in a
32:07different kind of atmosphere. So yeah, that's quite a neat little trick if you want to try that out with
32:13some friends on the weekend, perhaps, if we still got the inversion. Stand on a hill just below the
32:19inversion. So you're in the cloud, you can't see your friend, but you can hear them as if they're much
32:24closer to you than in reality. I'd leave you with that one, but thank you for watching this. I hope
32:29stuff made sense. Let me know if various aspects didn't make sense, and I'll try and come back to them
32:34in a future deep dive, particularly that wave number stuff. I don't think I explained that very well, but
32:39live and learn, and yeah, have a good week. Bye.
32:44What do you think?
32:54Good luck.
32:56You
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