- 2 days ago
Nga Lufta ne Kosove
bombardimet e NATO ne serbi
lajmet e Shteteve Perendimore
bombardimet e NATO ne serbi
lajmet e Shteteve Perendimore
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Short filmTranscript
00:00Rayet
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00:11Parp
00:18Daman
00:19Arb
00:21A
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00:24P
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00:31SĂ« Ă«à€čTONne sakieh lat Sciences ha denĂ« nj
00:46Koyem 10 m, se Darkæż Obama
00:51TĂ« jithra let narodin av guys 07
00:58P
01:17a
01:18ivër
01:21se
01:26a
01:27se
01:28të mizinder mesuljate
01:32disagreement
01:36kura
01:46njemŃŃĐ°
01:52a
01:54keti
01:54si
01:55for the forward emplacements of the Royal Artillery.
01:58The big guns are the Army's newest acquisition
02:00and are within easy range of Serb positions
02:02just ten kilometres away.
02:04So if there is an incursion here
02:06you'll be able to respond pretty quickly?
02:07Yes we can, immediately.
02:08Day, night, all visibility
02:10we'll be able to react.
02:11The men are on immediate notice to move,
02:12immediate notice to fire at all times
02:14throughout the day and night.
02:15The local villagers here are ethnic Albanians.
02:18Albanians make up 25% of Macedonia's population
02:21and they welcome NATO.
02:23In this tent on the hillside
02:24village children were watching television with the troops.
02:27The film was Braveheart.
02:29But NATO forces are meeting strong resentment
02:32among the majority Macedonian population.
02:34Troops report verbal abuse
02:36and bricks and bottles have been thrown at them.
02:39The Macedonians are worried that NATO's war against Serbia
02:42will ignite a wider Balkan conflict.
02:44And the Macedonians have strong cultural links with the Serbs.
02:48On the streets of the capital Skopje
02:50we heard strong condemnation of NATO.
02:54They're against our brother Serbs
02:56and we feel we're betraying our brother Serbs
02:58by having them here, this woman said.
02:59NATO is well aware of the problems such sentiments
03:02could cause for the Macedonian government.
03:04The fear is that any ground war launched from here
03:07could spark serious violence inside Macedonia itself.
03:10And so NATO troops deployed here now
03:13and those due to arrive from Britain
03:15will, it stressed, only move into Kosovo
03:17when a peace agreement allows them to.
03:18I've got to stick to what I came here to do
03:22and what my present mission is.
03:23And I think you know that,
03:24but I will, for the avoidance of doubt,
03:27just remind you that it is to be prepared
03:30to take a peace and implementation force into Kosovo
03:33as the result of an agreed settlement.
03:36But NATO is mounting continuous reconnaissance work from here.
03:39These German troops are set to launch a surveillance rocket
03:42carrying cameras.
03:44It's tasked to photograph Serb positions across the border.
03:48The rocket, called a drone, eventually comes back,
03:51carrying what the Germans hope will be images of the Serb military.
03:55In fact, it photographed these tanks
03:57near a Kosovo-Albanian village.
03:59In this new European conflict,
04:01the enemies from an old war are now valued allies.
04:04Fergalkeen, BBC News, Macedonia.
04:07Ammo dumps, but it's not nearly enough.
04:10So the US and its allies plan to commit several hundred more aircraft,
04:14bringing the total to 1,000.
04:17That will require the president
04:18to start calling reservists to active duty.
04:21There may need to be a call-up for,
04:23that would include pilots to fly some of the tankers.
04:26Many of the tankers are flown by reservists.
04:28So far, airstrikes have destroyed 11 bridges
04:31to cut the military supply lines.
04:33But it's...
04:34That still may be a long way off.
04:36Today, NATO troops in Tirana continue preparing
04:39for a humanitarian mission called Operation Allied Harbour.
04:438,000 NATO troops will soon be part of that mission.
04:47I'm creating a task group that will deal with shelter for the refugees,
04:52and another task group that will deal with the distribution of the air.
04:55The military force can be without its weaponry,
04:57and the British contingent, already installed there,
05:00soon to be joined by another 1,800 troops,
05:03has artillery and anti-aircraft missiles,
05:06which will have the task of protecting the peacekeeping force
05:08against the Yugoslav army, should the need arise.
05:11We're deployed here in line with a perceived threat.
05:14The Serbs have a known capability in both fixed-wing and helicopters.
05:21We are a defensive system, and at the moment the main effort of our force here
05:29is force protection.
05:31Reports of a Yugoslav military incursion across Kosovo's border into Albania
05:36are now regarded as fact, and today...
05:38...suggested that if Serb forces began to retreat from Kosovo,
05:42then NATO might suspend bombing for 24 hours.
05:45The White House reacted sharply. No deals before victory.
05:50There's still more demand than supply.
05:53Technology and generosity have so far kept people alive
05:56and kept a humanitarian crisis from turning into a disaster,
06:00but the refugee problem here is approaching a crucial stage,
06:04the point at which a short-term crisis becomes a long-term condition.
06:08...ordered to leave the camps they set up.
06:11Unlike in Albania, where NATO is stepping up its humanitarian role,
06:15Allied forces in Macedonia are handing responsibility to the government
06:19and to the international aid community now assembled on Macedonian soil.
06:23For the moment, NATO says its troops have done enough.
06:26We've made a lot of friends, but there may be another time when we've got to come back,
06:29so we've got to harden our hearts now and get on with another job,
06:32because maybe we'll have to come back to another camp and perhaps start all over again.
06:35The planes are flying. The bombs are dropping.
06:39Whatever that's costing, there is no question Congress will pay it.
06:43Everything else is open to question, from foe and friend alike.
06:47The United States and the rest of NATO were clearly unprepared, the debacle that has unfolded.
06:53A reliable Clinton-ally, Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy supports the U.S.-NATO mission,
06:58but he is pointedly unhappy with how it's being carried out.
07:02The administration needs a more realistic strategy.
07:06We need policy based on solid plans, not policy based on polls.
07:12While such criticisms will not stop Congress from funding the war in Kosovo,
07:16there is an inextricable link between the questions and the bottom line.
07:21He needs to give us, first of all, the estimate of what that cost is going to be,
07:26why we're there, when we're going to get out, and what are the situations or objectives that allow us to get out of there.
07:32So we need to have that honest evaluation.
07:35Cost estimates are difficult to come by and even harder to stick to.
07:39I'm learning that all numbers rise, so I think there's a good chance that it will be more than $4 billion.
07:44Every day we delay in sending it up, it rises.
07:474 billion is a mind-boggling figure, but war is hell, and it's not cheap.
07:52A single Tomahawk missile is about a million dollars, a laser-guided bomb estimated at about 50,000.
07:59But by far, the biggest outlay comes under the initials O&M, Operations and Maintenance.
08:05Some planes cost $5,000 an hour to fly.
08:08Every plane needs fuel and a support team, pilots, repairmen, ground crews, people to feed the crews, places to house them, and on and on.
08:17Four billion dollars is a lot of money. Experts say it may suffice for now.
08:22If we just continue with the air campaign at its current pace, and it lasts a matter of several months, perhaps, at most, that may be enough money.
08:31But again, if it goes to a ground war where we're really trying to forcibly push the Serbs out of Kosovo, it could be much more costly.
08:38Experts figure a ground war could push the tab into the $10 billion range.
08:43The U.S. and its NATO allies will soon have in place a military force capable on short notice of moving into Kosovo to return refugees to their homes and keep the peace.
08:56The allies are also intensifying diplomatic efforts, including subtle but important shifts in Western demands, designed to make an agreement more likely.
09:06On the military side, the allies are pouring more aircraft, up to 1,000, into the Balkans.
09:11NATO has a force of almost 12,000 troops on the ground in Macedonia and another 1,700 in Albania.
09:18More troops are just over the horizon in Greece, Italy, and Germany.
09:22If necessary, NATO could call upon another 20,000 international troops still deployed next door in Bosnia.
09:29Every morning, as President Milosevic wakes up and realizes that in the last 24 hours he has become weaker, he also sees that NATO is becoming stronger.
09:41Most of the troops in the Balkans are equipped and armed for humanitarian missions, not combat ones.
09:46But combat planes and helicopters are on their way now.
09:53With NATO's Air Armada and Operation Allied Force about to be bolstered by some 300 more U.S. planes, the Pentagon will dip into the reserves for help.
10:01There will be a reserve call-up that will involve primarily Air Force people and some Army people to fill in specialties that exist only or primarily in the reserves.
10:12Air Force reservists will man a complement of air refueling planes to help sustain an intensified bombing campaign against Serb targets.
10:19Another 33 U.S. KC-135 and five KC-10 refueling tankers have already been authorized for use in the operation.
10:28Each requires a crew of four.
10:30Also expected to be activated for duty in Macedonia and Albania, a number of Army citizen soldiers who specialize in civil affairs.
10:38A former Defense Department official says it is a normal part of any extended U.S. military mission.
10:44The reserves are like an insurance policy that when you have a crisis, you call your insurance agent and you bring them in to fill in the gaps.
10:53230,000 reservists were activated for Operation Desert Storm against Iraq in 1991.
10:59Close to 500 Air Force reservists are today helping monitor the northern and southern no-fly zones over Iraq.
11:05About 18,000 Army Reserve and National Guard troops have served stints in Bosnia since late 1995 as NATO peacekeepers.
11:13Even now, 500 Air Force Reserve volunteers are flying combat support for missions in the Balkans along with humanitarian relief flights.
11:22But a call-up always entails political risk and that could prompt new debate over the action against Yugoslavia.
11:29Once you call up reserves, it is a signal to the country that this is a serious operation because you're calling people's neighbors now.
11:40The administration is expected to announce the size of the authorized call-up by the end of the week.
11:45And that also may be involved in this.
11:48Now, this is some footage of overnight strikes.
11:50This is in Rakavica near Belgrade.
11:54It's a Belgrade suburb where you see NATO attacks continuing even into the night tonight despite the tragic incidents of yesterday.
12:01A number of targets hit, a couple of television towers knocked down in a nearby city, the town of Khashog.
12:09And, um, Serb television also showed explosions rocking an area near the Yugoslav village of Vredek.
12:16And, uh, warplanes also hit more targets in the town of Khashog.
12:21So, uh, NATO...
12:22Mislav jets from flying, despite making planes, hangars, and airports priority targets.
12:28This cockpit video from Tuesday shows MiG-21s at the Pristina airfield.
12:33One is taken out in a direct hit from a laser-guided bomb dropped by a USF-16.
12:38Pentagon sources say...
12:40This is an army whose soldiers can't call home because Kosovo is their home.
12:45And most of these soldiers say they do not know if their families are dead, alive, or are refugees.
12:51But they say that is why they fight, to return home.
12:55And this week CNN was granted an exclusive look into their struggle.
12:59The army is formed...
13:02This army was formed spontaneously, says one KLA commander.
13:06We are freedom fighters. We want to fight for freedom. Nothing else, he says.
13:11The KLA claims to have opened a significant infiltration route along the Kosovo-Albanian frontier
13:16and to control significant territory in southwest Kosovo.
13:20A steady stream of KLA soldiers moving into Kosovo gave weight to their claim.
13:25So, too, do stockpiles of weapons and ammunition stored along their infiltration routes.
13:31This is the 4th Brigade. 100 men born in Yakava, Kosovo.
13:36But most of them left Yakava years ago to study or work abroad,
13:40or to escape arrest because they were suspected of being KLA sympathizers.
13:44Members of this unit left homes in England, Switzerland, Germany, and Italy to come here to fight.
13:50This soldier is a civil engineer who was working in London until war broke out.
13:55Do you think you will ever be able to go back and live in your country?
13:58Yeah, I think so. Yeah, I think so, and I hope, I hope so.
14:04We must go in my country to live there until my country can be free.
14:10As we followed them along their infiltration route,
14:13the 4th Brigade evaded sporadic artillery fire from nearby Yugoslavian forces.
14:17A shattered farmhouse, sometimes used by the KLA, is evidence of the shelling,
14:22which the KLA claims has become less effective due to NATO airstrikes.
14:26Yugoslav army snipers also constantly harass.
14:30Here, the KLA scramble into combat positions after a sniper fired into their camp.
14:35But bad weather is an equally formidable foe.
14:41Cold rain and fog reduce the effectiveness of Yugoslav snipers and artillery,
14:45but it also makes life miserable for a footbound guerrilla army that must walk miles through mud to reach their objectives.
14:53Exhaustion, too, is a problem.
14:55Thousands of Kosovars have joined, according to the KLA, since the NATO airstrikes began,
15:00but this force is undermanned and lightly equipped.
15:04Still, the 4th Brigade crossing into Kosovo maintains that theirs is a one-way trip back to their homeland.
15:11There are two choices, they say.
15:14Win back Kosovo, or die trying.
15:17...of the Cold War spent 25 years watching vigilantly for Soviet missiles.
15:23There is evidence of a changing mission for U.S. Space Command.
15:27If you would ask the folks engaged in Kosovo today what kind of support they're getting from space,
15:33our warfighters over there would be very positive about that support.
15:37A big change from 1991.
15:40In 1991, during the Persian Gulf War, military strategists learned some hard lessons
15:45about how to use space assets in the post-Cold War world.
15:49For example, the Intercontinental Missile Defense System was not nimble enough
15:53to give ground troops timely warning of a Scud missile attack.
15:57That's why Space Command created this operations center at Schriever Air Force Base nearby.
16:02The 11th Space Warning Squadron uses infrared satellites that detect hot spots to see
16:08and then warn friendly forces in harm's way in less than 30 seconds.
16:13This is alert. Standby for missile launch reports. Standby for missile launch reports.
16:17Busy is the operative word at the place they call the SPOC, the Space Operations Center at Peterson Air Force Base.
16:24The team here gives field commanders instant status reports on 600 military satellites.
16:30Information on the predicted accuracy of the global positioning system can be used to time attacks by GPS-guided cruise missiles.
16:37If it was going to be a sustained operation, I would recommend 600 down to about 0930 Zulu on the 9th.
16:47It's just like being in a good old fistfight. The guy that can hit the fastest will probably win.
16:51Satellite contact pre-pass. 1-8. Step 2, listen up.
16:54The 2nd Space Operations Squadron controls the 27-strong GPS constellation.
17:00By giving the Pentagon a picture of who and what is where, GPS has helped clear the fog of war in addition to improving the accuracy of weapons.
17:09We used to have to drop over 3,000 bombs to hit one target. Now we can drop one bomb and hit one target.
17:15Because of GPS?
17:16Because of GPS.
17:17Much of the information on the location of U.S. military satellites used for communications, navigation, and weather was widely available to the public.
17:26It was posted on a website operated by NASA. But in February, the military pulled the plug.
17:31We know there are nations that are working on laser dazzlers that can blind satellites.
17:36So if you know where they are, then you know how to target them.
17:39At U.S. Space Command, they know they hold the high ground and no one else comes close.
17:44But just the same, they're taking no chances as these assets in space gain greater value on disputed ground.
17:52For science and technology...
17:53...and making positive identification are not easy.
17:57Reference materials can often be sketchy at best. And even the most experienced pilot has a difficult and dangerous task.
18:04Well, the real problem is that you're travelling at, say, 400 miles an hour.
18:07You may, in some of these aircraft, be three miles high. You may be releasing your weapons ten miles away.
18:13You've got to look through a small site to try and identify the convoy.
18:17You've also got to be worried about the air defence systems that are probably attacking you.
18:20You've got to take invasion manoeuvres. And in all of this, you've got to make sure that you're identifying the correct target,
18:25you're getting the weapon on the right place, and you're not going to cause any civilian casualties.
18:31In air operations over Kosovo, NATO planners rely on a host of high-technology instruments.
18:36Space-based satellites, high-flying reconnaissance aircraft, and reports from ground observers.
18:42But even trained observers make mistakes. In Kosovo, there are Yugoslav aircraft flying, as well as NATO types.
18:48In combat conditions, this cannot be replicated in training.
18:52If you're on the ground with an aircraft coming over, it's quite a difficult thing to identify what sort of aircraft it is,
18:57even when you're not being attacked. If you've got bombs raining down or bullets firing at you,
19:02the last thing you think about is trying to take the aircraft number that's going over.
19:06But ultimately, it's the attacking pilot who makes the decision. And that's why NATO is keen to have US Army Apache attack helicopters in the Balkans.
19:14Their high-tech systems can identify vehicles from five miles. And hidden in trees or behind hills,
19:20the pilots have time to make a positive identification. But for all that, military air action is still an imperfect art.
19:29That is, drop their unguided 1,000-pound and cluster bombs in bad weather because of the increased possibility they could miss their targets.
19:42And they could not fly below clouds because that would put them at risk from anti-aircraft fire.
19:47When you give them the task and something gets in the way, say, for example, the weather,
19:52with the type of operation that you're intending to carry out that day,
19:55it is frustrating when you have to report back to the high authority that you weren't able to achieve the task that they set you.
20:01Once they got better navigational equipment,
20:03the British pilots also got authorization to drop their unguided weaponry on some missions.
20:07But they still stay high.
20:09NATO will not say how high exactly, but from dozens of conversations with air crewmen
20:14and from details about the mistaken attack on the Kosovo refugees,
20:18it seems clear that for the most part, pilots are flying above 15,000 feet or 5,000 meters
20:23to stay out of range of anti-aircraft fire.
20:26And as that accident also made clear, despite precision-guided weapons,
20:30bombing from high altitudes may not be as precise as low-level attacks.
20:35As well, bombing the very people NATO is trying to help pointed to a kind of military truism.
20:42The number of mistakes is proportional to the volume of the air operation
20:48and the difficulties that are encountered.
20:51And that raises another challenge for the airmen,
20:53the question of fatigue in a mission without a definite end.
20:57While all NATO members restrict the length of time combat crews can spend in the air,
21:02many of the pilots involved in the air war are now flying three or four times as much as they do in training,
21:07with the additional stress of actual combat.
21:10While those involved in the attack on the refugee convoy have not been identified,
21:14no one here at Aviano, where many of the raids against Yugoslavia are being launched,
21:19would have welcomed the news that NATO was responsible for the deaths of the refugees.
21:23I feel very sorry for all those folks.
21:26And you're just sad to see, no one wants to see people die,
21:29but we understand that's part of what this business entails.
21:33Jim Bitterman, CNN, Aviano, Italy.
21:36...after wave of NATO fighters could be seen streaming across the border.
21:46Weather conditions were good,
21:48and smoke from ground targets was clearly visible rising in the sky,
21:52east of the town of Jakovica.
21:55The village that had been set on fire looked like it had been burning for quite a long time
22:00and was about to burn out.
22:02Then as I moved further south, I see the next village south on fire,
22:08fresher fire, still burning vigorously.
22:11In an audio recording describing what he saw from an altitude of 15,000 feet,
22:16the pilot gives new meaning to the antiseptic satellite photos of burned out villages.
22:21I see another house that has just been set ablaze,
22:24and I spot a three-vehicle convoy.
22:27They come to a stop at the next house down the road,
22:30and I'm convinced now they're preparing to set this next house on fire.
22:36Armed with laser-guided bombs, he moves in for the attack.
22:39I make several passes over these vehicles to ensure that they are in fact military vehicles.
22:46I make a decision at that point that these are the people responsible
22:51for burning down the villages that I've seen so far.
22:56Although NATO frequently shows gun camera video of direct hits by laser-guided bombs,
23:01the video of this attack has not yet been released.
23:04The pilot drops one bomb, then still unaware that these vehicles are in fact tractors pulling refugees,
23:11calls in another plane to continue the attack.
23:14He now spots three large trucks in the middle of the compound next to where we had just attacked.
23:21This is what a single bomb did to that compound.
23:23Serb TV.
23:24This was seen in the Montenegrin capital, Podgarica.
23:28Serbia's smaller partner has been mainly off-limits because it stayed out of the conflict.
23:34But with the Yugoslav military there targeting NATO jets,
23:38the alliance appears to have decided it has to act again.
23:44A more regular target has been the northern Serbian city of Novi Sad.
23:49Serbian television has broadcast pictures of what was said to be the latest attacks.
23:53Reports have spoken of the oil refinery there being pounded again,
23:57the fourth time it has come under fire.
24:00...by long periods of bad weather, which forced many aircraft to turn back
24:04rather than risk missing their targets,
24:06the alliance has been keen to step up its attacks on military targets in Kosovo.
24:11But the strategy of bombing from a safe height
24:14inevitably increases the risk of hitting the wrong targets.
24:18If the Serbs are using civilians as human shields, as NATO has suggested,
24:23the risks are of course even greater.
24:25Jim Fish, BBC News.
24:27...time pilots lift off on their missions,
24:29they confront three potentially contradictory priorities.
24:33To hit their targets, to avoid civilian damage,
24:36and to reduce risk that they could get shot down.
24:39Sometimes those rules can make their lives very complicated.
24:43For the first two weeks of the bombing campaign, for instance,
24:45Royal Air Force pilots were forbidden to, quote,
24:48bomb through the clouds.
24:49That is, drop their unguided thousand-pound and cluster bombs in bad weather
24:53because of the increased possibility they could miss their targets.
24:56And they could not fly below clouds
24:58because that would put them at risk from anti-aircraft fire.
25:01When you get a transport plane on Thursday
25:03to land at the tiny Albanian airport at Rinas,
25:06situated some 30 kilometers from the capital Tirana.
25:11Many more flights are expected to follow.
25:14The only serviceable airport in the country, Rinas is bursting at the seams.
25:19Normally, it...
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