- há 2 dias
Germany emerges from WWII beaten and broken, not only by the Allies but also by the brutal Nazi regime. The people undertake the task of rebuilding a shattered nation and its spirit, with architecture reflecting the past and the path to recovery.
Categoria
😹
DiversãoTranscrição
00:00World War II brought destruction to Germany on a massive scale never seen before.
00:11The illusion of Nazi supremacy was shattered.
00:16All over the country, fallen cities were left to pick up the pieces.
00:24Hamburg strived to re-establish its vibrant cultural heart.
00:30Frankfurt fought to restore its medieval history and Berlin, brought to its knees by relentless Allied attacks, reckoned with its Nazi past to become a symbol of democracy and a center of modernist architecture.
00:54The Second World War engulfed the globe.
01:00Unleashing super weapons that devastated cities and reduced magnificent historic and cultural landmarks to rubble.
01:09Essential infrastructure crumbled and the very fabric of society was torn apart.
01:15But from the devastation, nations were reborn.
01:20Vast recovery efforts focused on repairing the physical damage and restoring social and cultural icons as these nations rose from the ashes of World War II.
01:32The German Empire collapsed at the end of the First World War in November 1918, with the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
01:47Germany was in a state of political and economic turmoil.
01:56The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed heavy reparations on the nation.
02:01Inflation and unemployment skyrocketed, leading to widespread poverty and instability.
02:16Many Germans struggled with daily life as the currency lost value and basic goods became scarce.
02:22The Weimar Republic, established after the war, faced significant political challenges, with frequent changes in government.
02:34The leader of the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler, exploited the nation's woes to promote his nationalist and anti-Semitic ideology.
02:46In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.
02:57And once in power, he quickly moved to dismantle democratic institutions and establish a totalitarian regime.
03:05The focus on national pride and economic recovery initially garnered widespread support, especially as unemployment rates fell and public works projects like the Autobahn created jobs.
03:26However, daily life was heavily controlled.
03:31The Gestapo, Hitler's secret police, maintained a climate of fear, monitoring citizens for any sign of dissent.
03:41The regime targeted Jews, Roma, disabled people and other minority groups.
03:47They were stripped of their rights and subjected to violence and deportations to concentration camps.
03:54Ordinary Germans were encouraged to participate in or turn a blind eye to these atrocities.
04:01Hitler wanted to spread his ideology across Europe and establish living room for the German master race.
04:13In 1936, he re-militarized the Rhineland.
04:20In 1938, he annexed Austria and occupied Czechoslovakia.
04:25But his invasion on Poland on the 1st of September 1939 forced Britain and France to declare war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II.
04:40The conflict spread across Europe like a relentless storm.
04:49Raging fiercely in the skies and on the earth.
04:57Reducing once vibrant cities to smoldering ruins.
05:03And displacing millions from their homes.
05:10The scale of destruction was absolutely horrific.
05:13In cities that I've studied in Germany, you were looking at a 40 to 60 percent scale of destruction.
05:20And oftentimes, you had greater destruction in the historic centers of the cities.
05:36Attacks transitioned from military targets to a strategic offensive on cities.
05:43There was sort of a tit-for-tat exchange happening between what the Nazis were doing, what the allies were doing, that led to this sort of uneven and sometimes even scattershot seeming level of destruction.
06:02The aim?
06:03The aim?
06:04To break morale.
06:05Hoping the relentless fear and destruction would force surrender.
06:16Britain and US bombers unleashed fire and destruction on cities across Germany.
06:21Frankfurt in central Germany was a thriving industrial hub.
06:40And so it became an important target for the Allies.
06:44The city was devastated by aerial raids during March 1944.
06:49The thousand bomber attacks obliterated Frankfurt.
06:53Destroying over 1,800 medieval half-timbered houses.
06:58Before the war, Frankfurt had the largest intact and continuous old town in Germany.
07:22So if you went to Frankfurt before the war, you would have found this large area in the middle that was sort of an ocean of half-timbered houses.
07:32Which is one of the reasons why it burned so completely when it was bombed.
07:38Frankfurt was reduced to smoldering rubble.
07:41From a population of over half a million in 1939, only about 230,000 remained by 1945.
07:50Half of the survivors were left homeless.
07:57The inner city of Frankfurt was hit especially hard.
08:01In fact, only one half-timbered building survived.
08:14Amidst the rubble, a new dilemma emerged.
08:17What to do with the city.
08:20And there was discussion by some of your modern architects about eliminating the original street plan actually.
08:27And just creating a purely modern city.
08:32This was a place of great importance for German history and for the history of Europe.
08:37Because this was where the Holy Roman emperors had been crowned for a thousand years.
08:44The town hall, the Rummer, which had stood since 1405, survived the bombings.
08:56But the Roman procession way and imperial cathedral of St. Bartholomew were flattened.
09:02And your modern architects, who were really mainstream along with many of the politicians, said nothing can be done.
09:09It was destroyed.
09:10And we should just create a modern city here with modern structures.
09:14The destruction of historic and monumental buildings forced Germany to re-examine its cultural identity.
09:25Immediately after the war, many officials in towns across the country, backed by public support, sought to erase every trace of the war by reconstructing cities as they had been before the Nazi regime.
09:40Intense discussions emerged about the authenticity of historical reconstruction.
09:47And that question of authenticity was very much on the mind of architects, politicians, commentators, and the general public after the war.
10:00Can we rebuild? Are we allowed to rebuild?
10:03And especially after the Third Reich and this taint from the Nazi period, is it even moral to rebuild?
10:11Are we erasing the reality of what Germany has done to Europe if we rebuild?
10:18In Germany, politicians talked about a complete new start, because they wanted to make a distinction between the practices of the past, what we were against, the people who had started the war, and a complete new start.
10:37This idea of a new start also comes back in architecture. So depending on the reconstruction, we will either see a continuation of earlier forms, a look back to the historic practice and rebuild them, or a complete modernization, a different approach to the spaces that had been destroyed.
11:02There were architects who, at least in their private correspondence, less so publicly, would say, this is wonderful that the cities were devastated, because we have the opportunity now to finally build the way we want it to.
11:20It's all gone, and we can finally build the city of the future.
11:25There was one particularly important cultural site in Frankfurt that needed special attention.
11:38The birthplace of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, revered writer and father of the German Enlightenment.
11:46The half-timbered house had been destroyed by bombings on the 22nd of March 1944, the anniversary of Goethe's death.
11:55The major bombardment that destroyed the Goethe house left almost nothing.
11:59There was practically no substance left of the original.
12:04And that, it may seem obvious, but that creates an irreparable damage.
12:10You cannot ever have that original substance again.
12:15The devastation evoked a profound sense of loss for Germany's literary, artistic, and scientific heritage.
12:24But the debates about what should become of the site were broad and far-reaching.
12:31Some said, well, we'll create a modern museum to go to here.
12:36Another recommendation was, we are going to leave the ruins as they are.
12:42There was this tiny little fragment of a leftover window hole and a little bit of iron, and that was it.
12:48And then keep the rubble there and have just a simple memorial plaque.
12:53Far more interesting, I find, on a certain level, though, is then these debates.
12:57Are we allowed to rebuild the Goethe house?
12:59What would Goethe have wanted?
13:01And that question can seem silly, but when you're trying to craft an ideological future that's usable, drawing from the past, then if you can somehow claim Goethe would have wanted this, and Goethe is the one we all need to be more like Goethe in order to not be like Hitler, right?
13:19Then it becomes very important that this building is something that somehow, I can argue, it's something Goethe would have wanted.
13:30The reconstruction of Goethe's house symbolized Germany's aspiration to reclaim cultural dignity from the ruins.
13:38So this question of authenticity, or architects would say this is absolutely not authentic, but I find sometimes authenticity is in the eye of the beholder as well.
13:50Completed in 1951, the rebuilt house stood in stark contrast to the surrounding rubble, highlighting the tension between competing needs.
14:03Upon the original foundations of the house, a new concrete and still frame was constructed.
14:09Working from photographs and architectural plans, a replica of the original three-story Baroque façade was created with a distinctive double overhang.
14:20Crowning the structure, a mansard roof and a prominent central dormer rising three floors high, complete with a gable top and a small circular skylight.
14:33The ground level features six windows framed by wrought iron architraves and adorned with ornate garlands.
14:42Crafted primarily from wood with brick underpinnings, the façade is adorned with yellow plaster, while grey plaster embellishes the wooden pillars, window frames and cornices.
14:54The replica is a testament to the skilled artisans who worked meticulously to authentically recreate this beloved historic house.
15:04And the Goethe House became by far the most popular attraction in Frankfurt in the 1950s, with 129,000 visitors a year.
15:23And there's this, I think, very poignant observation, to those who visit this structure, it is Goethe's birthplace.
15:34They can see on plenty of plaques that it's not real, but in their minds it is real, and it projects this reality for them.
15:42And so in a way it becomes authentic, even though the substance is completely different, because we humans make it authentic.
15:49The people of Frankfurt refused to suffer the loss of such an important symbol of German heritage.
15:56And their approach to preservation echoed throughout Europe.
16:06Today, Frankfurt stands as a city that has successfully merged modernity with a proud history.
16:13But long before the German people could think about rediscovering their post-war cultural identity, a brutal regime had to be toppled.
16:30And its beating heart was in the nation's capital.
16:32For the Allies to be victorious, they needed to take control of the city.
16:42From 1940 to 1945, Berlin endured 363 air raids, known as the Berlin Air Offensive.
17:0145,500 tons of British bombs and 22,000 tons of American bombs landed on Berlin.
17:17Building buildings were destroyed or gutted for 20 blocks in all directions from the city centre.
17:35the city centre. 400,000 civilians were homeless. 1.7 million people, 40% of the population, fled.
17:50On April 16, 1945, the Soviet Union launched a massive offensive on Germany, with 2.5 million
18:12soldiers, 6,000 tanks, and 30,000 artillery pieces. It was one of the largest concentrations
18:23of military power ever seen. The Soviet forces breached Berlin's defences, and on April 30,
18:34Hitler committed suicide. Germany's surrender was formalised on June 5, 1945, finally ending
18:51the Third Reich. The war left Germany in ruins. People had lost their houses, had lost family
19:06members, did not have things to eat, not things to stay warm. Particularly in the big cities,
19:14it was a disaster. People were living in basements, in ruins. Sometimes houses were cut over, and
19:21open. So the conditions were often quite desperate against this backdrop of ubiquitous ruins.
19:34The air in Berlin was thick with the scent of death, compounded by widespread starvation.
19:41In August alone, 4,000 Berliners perished daily.
19:51Across Germany, the death toll surpassed 7 million, amounting to 6% of the pre-war population.
19:59And of these, 3.8 million were civilians.
20:03Lots of places were bombed during the war, but nowhere quite like Germany. The damage here
20:10was 20 times as bad as it was in Britain. So Hamburg, for example, was 50% destroyed by
20:16the bombing. Berlin, also more than 50% destroyed. Cologne, 70% of the city, was completely devastated
20:24by the bombing. As a consequence, Germany in 1945 was really a place without infrastructure,
20:33without housing, without transport. It was a complete desert in terms of institutions and
20:38infrastructure.
20:47And as cities rose from the ashes, they stood at a crossroads. Torn between erasing the scars
20:55of the Nazi regime by clinging to historic nostalgia. Or embracing a vision of modernity and progress.
21:04A redemptive reconstruction is an inherently selective process of trying to craft a future for these
21:14cities after Nazism. This is a top-down process, at least at first, in terms of your political leaders,
21:22your architects, your planners deciding which monuments will be reconstructed in such a way
21:30that they can serve as centerpieces for the redeemed city. And what do we do then with the rest of the city?
21:37And how can we then create a message that will convey this post-Nazi future?
21:55The recovery of war-torn Germany fell to divided occupation forces with vast ideological differences.
22:05The Allies had gone to war with Germany twice in the last 30 years and they were determined
22:12never to have to do this again. So they decided to break Germany up into four constituent parts,
22:18each one run by one of the different Allies, the Soviets, the Americans, the British and the French.
22:24Allied leaders convened in Yalta, Crimea in February 1945, confident in their victory over Germany.
22:39And each had their own agenda to advance.
22:43Winston Churchill blamed Prussia for the war, so he wanted to dissolve Prussia.
22:49And Roosevelt and later Truman really didn't have much of a clue of anything of what they were doing
22:54in terms of where rivers were or what territories were.
22:57And Stalin, of course, knew where every river was and where every village was.
23:02Nazi annexations were restored to pre-war borders.
23:09Britain, France and the United States occupied Western and Southern Germany, aiming to establish capitalist democracies.
23:19While the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Germany, imposing a strict communist regime.
23:25Berlin was divided in four.
23:28But relations between all the Allies were tense.
23:31And by 1952, British, French and American territories had merged, forming West Germany.
23:39And in the East, the Soviet Union established the communist German Democratic Republic.
23:51The ideological differences between East and West were evident in each side's approach to reconstruction efforts.
24:00The East favored a traditional monumentalist approach.
24:06But the West was looking ahead to the future, with bold new ideas and a fresh outlook.
24:13Hanserwirtel, a district in Berlin between the Spree River and Tiergarten, was densely populated before the Second World War.
24:27A major bombing raid in November 1943 left Hanserwirtel in ruins, with 300 of its 343 buildings destroyed, and the rest severely damaged.
24:42In the division of Berlin, Hanserwirtel became part of West Berlin.
24:47After the destruction of Berlin, there were two different approaches to rebuilding, East and West.
24:55East Berlin started with the construction of the Stalinallee in traditions that likened it to the Nazi movement, which were highly criticized in the West.
25:06Now in the Hanserwirtel area, they decided to make a model district of democratic modernist architecture.
25:16In 1953, an ideas competition was launched to reconstruct Hanserwirtel.
25:25The area became the focal point of the international building exhibition Interbau, inviting 53 modernist architects from 13 countries to participate.
25:40So you have the likes of Alva Aalto and Brücken Barkema setting up models of housing in that area.
25:53The architects aimed to set a new standard for living.
25:56Hanserwirtel would be a prototype, an experimental playground, to test future social housing constructions.
26:05They saw this destruction as an opportunity to rebuild differently in line with the plans they had already made in the 20s.
26:18They would even go as far as say, we should do more destruction, so let's take that opportunity and take down more parts of the city that had been built by a generation that also created the war.
26:29Interbau 1957 transformed Hanserwirtel.
26:43Next to the U-Bahn train station Hanserplatz, at the heart of the area, residential buildings, a shopping mall, a movie theater, and St. Ansgar's Catholic Church,
26:57all presented as a collective city of tomorrow.
27:02The Hanserwirtel architects favored reinforced concrete over bricks.
27:08Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer created a seven-story building on V-shaped supports with a free-standing elevator tower.
27:19Walter Gropius designed a curved nine-story building with apartment blocks turned by 90 degrees on the narrowest sides.
27:30And the 17-story giraffe building towers over Hanserwirtel.
27:35Designed by German architect Fritz Jannecke, the 53-meter tall building contains 161 apartments.
27:44Hanserwirtel became a modern, diverse architectural landscape with open green spaces.
27:57The internationally acclaimed buildings of Hanserwirtel now house a thriving community, preserving the 1950s vision of a futuristic city.
28:07The Hanserwirtel really became the place to promote Western ideas.
28:14It also was the place where the politicians started to launch this idea of a competition for the entire center of Berlin.
28:22The first 15 years after the war marked a remarkable period of reconstruction and growth in West Germany.
28:32By the 1960s, an average of 570,000 apartments were built each year.
28:39In addition, between 50,000 and 150,000 single-family homes were constructed annually.
28:56In this patchwork of these two forces fighting each other and the different political ideologies,
29:02the Western part and the West Germans decided to embrace what they saw as modernist, democratic architecture.
29:12So the response to the former Nazi-led architecture, which Hitler and Speer had steered towards being neoclassical,
29:21was one that said, no, we forget about all these styles that were there, we want to come back with a pure modernist style that is subdued,
29:32that talks about democratic practices and not about power and warfare.
29:39The society being built in the West was attractive to most Germans.
29:48But to the Soviet Union, it was a threat.
29:52Democratic ideals were a temptation and the East was losing skilled labor and intellectuals.
30:04So in August 1961, East Berlin was sealed shut.
30:11A brutal, imposing concrete barrier brought into contrast the ideological differences on either side of the wall.
30:22The West chose to embrace modernist architecture in its new constructions,
30:29but also in the way it restored war damage structures.
30:33The Reichstag in West Berlin had been the seat of government since 1894.
30:40But a suspicious fire in 1933 had destroyed the building and served as a turning point for Hitler's rise to power.
30:50Then during the war, the prominent landmark attracted wave after wave of Allied attack.
30:58And in April 1945, the Soviet flag was raised above the Reichstag.
31:08But by then, it was just a shell.
31:13From the early 1960s, the building entered a period of patriotic restoration.
31:26Work started to stabilize and reinforce the Reichstag's foundations.
31:32Extensive damage from the war was repaired and many walls were rebuilt with reinforced concrete.
31:40By 1971, the building was suitable to be used for some official functions.
31:46After Germany's reunification, the Reichstag was chosen to house the new parliament.
31:52The building's core was built.
31:53The building's core was gutted and rebuilt, incorporating new chambers, offices and public spaces.
32:0412 concrete columns rise through the central part of the building to support a massive new dome.
32:10The 1,200 tonne structure is 23 and a half metres high and 40 metres in diameter.
32:18Constructed from fireproof steel and glass, the dome includes an inverted cone, covered with 360 mirrors that reflect natural light into the chamber during the day,
32:33and artificial light into the sky at night.
32:37A double helix ramp leads to an observation deck, providing visitors with a panoramic view of Berlin.
32:52In 1999, the Reichstag's transformation was complete.
32:56The new modernist dome is an architectural feature and a symbol of transparent government in a brand new era for Germany.
33:08But the shadows of the past lingered.
33:11As Germany's cities were reborn, the deeper challenge lay in healing the wounds of a nation.
33:21It was a long and arduous journey for Germany after the 1930s.
33:26From the rise of a dictator to the devastation of self-inflicted war.
33:33And three decades of a nation literally split in half.
33:38But perhaps the greatest challenge for the German people was to reckon with their role in the Nazi-led atrocities.
33:46Shortly after the war, denazification became a top priority for the Allied forces.
33:58To rebuild society and infrastructure, 30% of Germany's historic buildings were demolished.
34:05Including Hitler's chancellery in Berlin.
34:09Under Nazi rule, propaganda dominated daily life.
34:15And dissent was brutally punished.
34:18With many Germans aware of concentration camps.
34:21But ignorant of their full horrors.
34:24The Nuremberg trials commenced on 20th of November 1946.
34:36Prosecuting 21 Nazi leaders for heinous crimes against humanity.
34:43Despite the prompt trials, it took decades for Germany to fully confront its Holocaust legacy.
34:50Today, Germany honours its past through public monuments.
34:56Memorials at concentration camps.
34:59And education on Nazi atrocities.
35:02In the 1980s, public demands were made to build a memorial to European Jews.
35:21The Berlin Holocaust Memorial is important politically because it shows the people of Germany that they're not like the Nazis anymore.
35:31They've changed.
35:32They've changed.
35:33This is not the Germany of the past.
35:34It's a new Germany which is able to own up to the sins of the past.
35:38Design competitions for the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe were launched in 1994 and repeated in 1996 and 97.
35:51Architect Peter Eisenman's design won and was refined until the end of the decade.
35:57The location of the memorial is actually very important.
36:00I mean, this is a huge place.
36:02It's 19,000 square meters of ground.
36:04And it's not just any ground.
36:06This is right in the center of Berlin.
36:08It's right next to the Brandenburg Gate.
36:10It's a stone's throw from the Reichstag itself.
36:14So this was prime real estate.
36:17The government could have sold this off to the highest bidder and made hundreds of millions of euros.
36:22But instead, they earmarked it for one of the most important memorials in Germany.
36:28The memorial to the murdered Jews of Europe stands on a site once divided by the Berlin Wall.
36:38Arranged in a grid on undulating terrain, 2,711 concrete stelae of various heights resemble a somber field of coffins with their stark uniformity.
36:53Venturing into the memorial, the stelae grow to be towering pillars, looming overhead and enclosing visitors into a maze of concrete.
37:06The whole question was, could we make a space that suddenly you felt uneasy in, queasy, to have a field of emptiness, of silence?
37:23And people often say about Auschwitz that when their mother was taken away that everything became silent.
37:32And I wanted the sense of silence.
37:40Berlin's bustling streets become hushed whispers, creating a profound sense of isolation.
37:48Compelling visitors to move onwards toward the heart of the memorial.
37:51It's a chilling reminder of the unfathomable atrocities committed during the Holocaust.
38:00As you enter the memorial, you walk between these concrete blocks and you go down into a place where the blocks are towering above you.
38:15So it gives you a real sense of claustrophobia and discomfort.
38:21The sort of discomfort that is essential in a memorial to one of the worst events in Europe's history.
38:30The memorial serves not only as a monument to those murdered, but also as a beacon of remembrance.
38:36Memorials really show the cultural values that we ourselves hold dear.
38:51So they can show, for example, honour and glory, or fighting against oppression, or they can even be an admission of guilt.
38:58And that's what the Holocaust memorial in the center of Berlin really represents.
39:09It's a way of Germany to atone for its sins.
39:13The German people had to reckon with their role in the atrocities.
39:23They had suffered at the hands of a monstrous dictator, manipulated into a war, leading to a humiliating defeat and devastation on an unimaginable scale.
39:36It would take decades to repair the hardest hit cities across the country.
39:40Hamburg, on the Elbe River in the north of Germany, is renowned for its long maritime heritage.
40:01In 1943, the country's largest port became a prime target for one of the most intense Allied attacks during the war.
40:11Hamburg was a really big shipbuilding industry center.
40:16So, for example, Blom & Voss was there building U-boats.
40:22So these were the sort of places that had to be knocked out of the war if Britain and America were going to beat Germany.
40:27The Allies had realized it's not just about taking down industries because they're difficult to find and hit.
40:37It's much more efficient to take down the people's housing district.
40:41If there's nobody to work, the industries can't work.
40:44If there's nobody to work, the industries can't work.
40:45On the 24th of July, Operation Gamora began.
40:58It was one of the most devastating Allied bombing campaigns.
41:03In a little over a week, 3,000 British and American aircraft pounded the city.
41:12Over a million incendiaries were dropped on Hamburg during that week.
41:25They produced fires. Many of those fires joined together into great big conflagrations.
41:29Hamburg had a particular building structure that was very inflammable.
41:38So they had actually tested in America how to put European cities into fire.
41:43So in the case of Hamburg, they created a firestorm which took out a huge part of the city.
41:53The fires are getting hotter and hotter, and the winds are coming in faster and faster,
41:58until the whole city was like a furnace with a hurricane-force wind blowing through it.
42:03This was really devastating for the city.
42:12It destroyed the whole of the east of the city.
42:1640,000 people were killed in a single night during July 1943.
42:21The Inferno incinerated more than 21 square kilometers of the city and destroyed 60% of the houses.
42:39In the immediate aftermath of the bombings, one million people evacuated the city.
42:45It was a huge exodus of refugees who went to all parts of Germany.
42:50And they took with them tales of real horror.
42:59Hamburg was hit by air raids another 69 times before the end of World War II.
43:05Around 90% of the dockside buildings were destroyed.
43:12But just five months after the war, Hamburg had repaired 100,000 homes.
43:18They had created 10,000 new homes in cellars and unused buildings.
43:23And constructed 2,000 temporary dwellings.
43:26Post-war Germany faced severe economic difficulties and shortages of materials.
43:42So priority was given to essential infrastructure and housing.
43:46Over the decades, the port area underwent gradual redevelopment as the economy slowly crawled towards recovery.
43:57But it wasn't until the early 2000s, with Hamburg's resurgence as a vibrant cultural city, that the vision for a new arts and entertainment hub started to take shape.
44:07And the area needed an iconic centerpiece that would symbolize the city's post-war recovery.
44:16The striking Elbe-Philharmonie would be the answer to that challenge.
44:30Architects Herzog and de Maron aim to reflect Hamburg's maritime heritage while symbolizing its forward-looking aspirations.
44:49The design sought to seamlessly integrate the building with its surroundings, using the wave-like glass facade to mirror the dynamic interplay between the sky and the Elbe River.
45:04The architects came up with this very fancy drawing where on the top you almost have the white foam of water as the roof scales.
45:15So it was a very daring building and it cost a lot more than it had originally been planned.
45:22The problem with that was that many of the cultural institutions in the city were challenged by closure, the Altona Museum and others.
45:30So it was a very hotly debated building.
45:34The project began in 2003 and took 13 years to realize.
45:42The construction officially ended on the 31st of October 2016, at a cost of 866 million euros.
45:521,700 reinforced concrete pillars rise from the foundations of the fragile and historic Kai Speicher A warehouse to support the striking Elbe-Philharmonie.
46:06Spanning 18 floors, the superstructure boasts over a thousand curved glass windows, each meticulously crafted and measuring four to five meters wide and over three meters high.
46:22It's enough glass to cover an area equivalent to two football fields.
46:29At the western apex, the structure soars 108 meters.
46:33Hovering almost weightlessly, the undulating roofline mirrors the surrounding harbor waters.
46:40Three concert halls, 45 private apartments, a hotel and a public plaza sprawl over its 120,000 square meter footprint.
47:01And the sparkling jewel, the great concert hall, accommodates an audience of 2,100 people.
47:11It's a symbol of cultural renaissance, but also an impressive architectural statement that complements its surroundings.
47:26What is really interesting about the Elbe-Philharmonie is that it really brings back the vision of the city, the main viewpoint of the city, to the Elbe River.
47:36People have also critiqued the architecture that came out of it, but the way in which a new multifunctional district has been created in a former port area, including housing for community buildings or schools, I think is quite a success.
47:55The Elbe-Philharmonie embodies Hamburg's journey from complete devastation to global cultural landmark.
48:05Out of the scars of World War I, Germany birthed a dictatorship that catapulted it into the maelstrom of World War II.
48:23The Allied powers' response flattened magnificent cities, and their victory created a divided nation.
48:34Germany embarked on a journey of reconstruction, coming to terms with the atrocities committed during the Nazi regime and sparking an economic miracle.
48:45Today, a unified Germany shines on the global stage, its resilient spirit and inviting cities, marking it as one of Europe's most influential nations.
49:00In many ways, the reconstruction of the post-war period carries on into the present, carries on into the future, and there's multiple layers of building, rebuilding, reconstruction, and we will probably never lose this idea of how the war has changed and transformed the country.
49:20the country.
49:21the country.
49:27Transcription by CastingWords
49:57CastingWords
Recomendado
49:54
|
A Seguir
1:02:56
59:57
1:07:45
1:07:58
59:28
59:30
1:10:58
56:02
44:06
Seja a primeira pessoa a comentar