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Documentary that follows three decades of Soviet space culture, from the glory days of Yuri Gagarin to the saga of Sergei Krikalev, the Soviet citizen who was stranded in space for ten months as the Soviet Union was dismantled.
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00:00:00Satsang with Mooji
00:00:30For 310 days, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov was marooned in space.
00:01:00As the Soviet Union and the Communist system unravelled 300 miles below him, Krikalyov remained exiled in orbit, stranded by the tumultuous events on Earth, left behind as the last Soviet citizen.
00:01:30We were not worried about ourselves. We were only witnesses.
00:01:58Many things could not be affected by the process, but we were afraid of the people on the ground.
00:02:07Because if we were to be afraid, we would be afraid of our family, our friends.
00:02:13And if we were to be afraid of people in Moscow, it would be terrible.
00:02:28But as he circled helplessly over his collapsing nation for ten months, Sergei Krikalev was also struggling to maintain one last vital element of national self-esteem, the 30-year epic of Soviet space.
00:02:46Tonight, Irina looks at the last hero of Soviet space and at the rise and fall of Soviet space culture.
00:02:58The End
00:03:04The End
00:03:06The End
00:03:09The End
00:03:13The End
00:03:48After entering an orbit close to the moon and becoming its man-made satellite, the automatic
00:03:56station transmitted to Earth the melody of the party anthem, The International.
00:04:05And delegates to the 23rd Party Congress heard it.
00:04:12For three decades, as communism claimed its most spectacular victories in space, the
00:04:20nation's soul was stirred by its cosmic heroes.
00:04:24The end of the day
00:04:34The world will never forget.
00:04:41The star road in the rocket
00:04:45Will a man in winter.
00:04:49The time the hero has fallen
00:04:54To the blue sky.
00:04:58The sun, the moon and the Veneer
00:05:02Will a man in the sky.
00:05:06The sun and the sky
00:05:10Will a man in the sky.
00:05:15Will a man in the sky.
00:05:20Will a man in the sky.
00:05:24And now, happy and proud we say
00:05:27Glory to those cosmonauts
00:05:29Who have raised to the skies
00:05:31The prestige of the Soviet Union
00:05:33Its Communist Party
00:05:35And all the Soviet people
00:05:37The heroes of labor salute the heroes of space.
00:05:42The purebent action
00:05:47The greatest Türk Staff
00:05:48By the time of mass
00:05:50Miraculous.
00:05:52The sout fuera aican
00:05:54Throughled.
00:05:55Theум.
00:05:56The laughter.
00:05:57Theением.
00:05:58The spill aside.
00:05:59The red Morning.
00:06:00The strength of heaven.
00:06:01The adverse τι addressing the future.
00:06:03The heat and the fruits of 유 like.
00:06:06Along with the promises of communism in 20 years, with corn plantations, with Cuba, the
00:06:28island of liberty, space was one of the pinnacles in the positive Soviet mentality of that age.
00:06:35And I think that actually it was the main thing, it was the spine of the whole Soviet type communism enthusiasm.
00:06:53Since this was a real achievement, not a fake thing like in Brezhnev's time, but a really strong and impressive achievement, people believed in it.
00:07:05The fact that only 12 years after the war had ended, we were the first to be out there with Sputnik 1, was a way of saying, you see what socialism can do, you see what our system can do, we are going to overtake you.
00:07:25We are going to prove that ours is the best life.
00:07:29The men of this new profession, the astronauts, have to go through strenuous training for their journeys to the stars.
00:07:35Three decades later, Soviet space has lost its novelty to the stars.
00:07:38Cosmic Heroes of ours, have to go through strenuous training for the stars to the stars.
00:07:41Three decades later, Soviet space has lost its novelty and its starry status.
00:07:59Three decades later, Soviet space has lost its novelty and its starry status.
00:08:07Cosmic heroes have become space plumbers, like engineer Sergei Krikalev.
00:08:29When Krikalev prepared for his mission in the spring of 1991, the Soviet Union was in turmoil.
00:08:42The 67th Soviet citizen to go into space attracted little attention from a hard-pressed population more concerned with the spiralling price of sausages.
00:08:52And by now, Soviet space was for sale to all comers.
00:08:57So it's a lot of experience in sending people into space, and I have every confidence in the people who have made the technology, and also in the crew, my crew that I'm flying with.
00:09:09Krikalev lifted off with the first British astronaut, Helen Sharman, for her eight-day trip into space.
00:09:15Sergei was immensely helpful. He'd flown before, so he's experienced, and partly because of that, partly because of his character, if things are going wrong, if things are tough going,
00:09:26Yes, Sergei is much more, he's laid-back. But I think they typically choose cosmonauts who are laid-back. They don't want people to get into a flap or panic about things.
00:09:38Krikalev was scheduled to spend five months in space.
00:09:44Events on Earth were to upset his plans.
00:09:47As I can recall those 60s memories, the cosmonauts were treated exactly like pop stars.
00:10:17In the Soviet Union at that time, it was considered that worshipping, say, a film star or a pop singer was not very good, because their contribution to the society was not as important, and they always ridiculed those idolizing of Western artists like Elvis Presley or Marilyn Monroe or somebody.
00:10:45Unlike movie stars, the cosmonauts were considered to be, you know, the right persons to worship and idolized, and, well, they were everywhere, posters, badges, watches.
00:11:05The stars become closer, but the path is endless.
00:11:10The stars become closer, but the path is endless.
00:11:17Of the stars become close, the stars become closer, does the Yup stuff will meet, check, people living life within a true love that, and may they all come closer, and may they all come closer without talk.
00:11:26The stars take their wonder when did the stars come closer, you know, the stars then fly, they're rivals себе, and ladies come closer.
00:11:32It brings to all the living memories of the meeting
00:11:37People living with the only truth of love
00:11:57During our docking, one of our antennas was giving us a misreading
00:12:01Of the angle of the approach of our spacecraft towards the space station
00:12:05And also the distance
00:12:07Sergey noticed it first just by looking out of the window
00:12:11And by looking out of the window he said, this doesn't feel right
00:12:14We all had to very much operate as a team together
00:12:17And knowing that one mistake by any one of us
00:12:21Would jeopardise not only our lives but also the lives of the cosmonauts
00:12:24Who were already on board the station
00:12:26So it was a bit of a strange time
00:12:28I felt laid back and yet the doctors had told me that my heartbeat had gone up to 120 beats a minute
00:12:33So I must have been feeling pretty uptight in myself
00:12:36Knowing that it was almost now or never
00:12:40I mean if you miss the space station by a mile
00:12:42You go round again and have another go
00:12:44But if you miss by 10 centimetres
00:12:47Then you're going to blast a hole in it
00:12:49So you may well blast a hole in yourselves
00:12:51And you most likely won't make it back to Earth
00:12:58Sergey, by looking out of the window
00:12:59And by looking at what computer information was correct
00:13:02Was able to guide us in
00:13:10I mean he always said that when he got into the space station
00:13:12He felt like he was going home
00:13:27As I remember I've always known about cosmonautics
00:13:32For many of us it was on their eyes
00:13:35In my eyes, when there was a question about the possibility of a flight in the cosmos,
00:13:39then, finally, the ships were flying, then the people.
00:13:42As I remember, I was born after the launch of the ship.
00:13:52The pioneering days of Soviet space caught the imaginations of official documentaries and feature films.
00:13:59Sergei, turn it over again.
00:14:09Celebrating the life of the Soviet Union's chief rocket designer,
00:14:12The Taming of Fire was a major movie hit of the early 70s.
00:14:25Let's turn it over again.
00:14:29Take it over again.
00:14:31Take it over again.
00:14:59Let's turn it over again.
00:15:05Well, how do you take our first place?
00:15:09You've taken me all the way out of my life.
00:15:12Now I'm just going to take it over again.
00:15:14Okay, wait a minute.
00:15:15Come in.
00:15:18Here, last one.
00:15:19I'll say to you, L Simply, not last one
00:15:27You've ever had as many.
00:15:29It's massive and brutal.
00:15:32THE END
00:16:02This is the dog Laika.
00:16:24It had been trained to live in a special container.
00:16:28It proved a point of tremendous importance
00:16:30that life could continue in space.
00:16:37Three decades later,
00:16:39for Sergei Krikalev,
00:16:41living in space has become routine.
00:16:43But even for the cosmonauts of the 1990s,
00:16:46there remains one unchallengeable hero
00:16:49of Soviet space.
00:16:50For me, as for many cosmonauts,
00:16:56it was the first of us.
00:16:58It was the first unknown step.
00:17:04I was quite small, when I was in Gagarin.
00:17:07So, as I remember, I already knew,
00:17:09that people are flying in the cosmos,
00:17:11there was a first person in Gagarin.
00:17:13They were flying in Gagarin.
00:17:18Let's go.
00:17:21Off we go.
00:17:22This is Moscow, all radio stations of the Soviet Union are on the air.
00:17:52Here is a task report about man's first flight into outer space.
00:18:07The unprecedented has happened.
00:18:09Gagarin's flight has turned a new page in the history of mankind.
00:18:14A Soviet citizen in a Soviet spaceship has become a symbol of the triumph of Soviet science
00:18:19and technology.
00:18:21A personification of the mind and the labor of his country.
00:18:25The original space star, the first man to boldly go where no man had gone before, was Yuri
00:18:31Alekseyevich Gagarin.
00:18:35Mikita Khrushchev called him the new Columbus, the first swallow in outer space.
00:18:41Collective farms, a glacier, roads, mountains and thousands of babies were named after him.
00:18:47He was kissed by Gina Lollobrigida and lunched by the Queen of England.
00:18:51Harold Macmillan called him a jolly good chap.
00:18:55Leaving America stunned by his achievement, Gagarin was hailed at home as the best living advertisement
00:19:02for the Soviet system.
00:19:04Gagarin, a young communist who could well be a grandson of those who accomplished the October
00:19:10revolution, personified that revolution.
00:19:13The Gagarin orbit around the earth brought people closer together.
00:19:17In it, they saw their tomorrow.
00:19:19He wore the highest decorations of many countries.
00:19:29The government of fighting Vietnam made him hero of labor.
00:19:36In Liberia, he was decorated with the great star of Africa.
00:19:45But there were other, more modest perhaps, but no less prized awards.
00:19:49The workers of Manchester presented him with the Foundryman's Union Medal.
00:19:54He was a citizen of the planet when he was 27.
00:19:57Only 27.
00:19:59A car that drove him in Britain had Yuri Gagarin I on its license plate.
00:20:04Space flight made all that was before bigger, like an amplifier.
00:20:14Gagarin was a very typical Russian man, and all the world liked him.
00:20:22He was not something special.
00:20:25He was a typical Russian pilot.
00:20:29Young, brave, good-looking, simple, very good in communication.
00:20:37And it was only a journalist trick to make from him an angel.
00:20:48And now I saw some articles that he was devil, but he was a good friend.
00:20:55Gagarin was quintessentially Russian.
00:20:58No one would say that this was not a Russian.
00:21:00The face was Russian.
00:21:01The comportment was Russian.
00:21:03The smile was Russian.
00:21:05The blue eyes.
00:21:06The color of the hair.
00:21:08This was a typically, perfectly Russian man.
00:21:11A man who was in control of himself.
00:21:14Who was very optimistic in his outlook on life.
00:21:17Who was a positive figure.
00:21:19But not a robot.
00:21:21Far from it.
00:21:22Someone with character.
00:21:23But a very...
00:21:26How should I put this?
00:21:28He was charged with positive electronic particles.
00:21:35He was all positive.
00:21:37From icon painters to popular composers, Soviet artists were inspired by Gagarin.
00:21:46The traditional icon artists of Paliek reinterpreted Gagarin's flight with religious fervour.
00:21:55And the constellation of Gagarin, a patriotic song cycle, won lavish state awards.
00:22:01The usual tune of magic at Gagarin's family was in light.
00:22:10And then she wasan.
00:22:13The inspiring motifs of the nation is also by pirates.
00:22:16falls, luôn, the pride of the glory of the sea.
00:22:20tearingasi, still dying...
00:22:22Laudah, his fillesAcea's cage pigse.
00:22:28Yes, we had several very popular patriotic songs
00:22:57about our victories in space.
00:23:00I think one of them was even written by Dmitry Shostakovich.
00:23:05Motherland knows how her son is flying in orbit.
00:23:18And this was a really very beautiful song.
00:23:22It's a really beautiful song.
00:23:29I didn't see it, I didn't remember.
00:23:57Мне тогда было три года, когда, еще даже трех лет не было, когда Гагарин полетел в космос, но мне потом много рассказывали о тех стихийных демонстрациях, которые возникли после объявления о полете Гагарина.
00:24:11Люди перестали работать, люди выходили на улицу, в общем, это было действительно народное ликование торжества, то есть была гордость и за Гагарина, и за тех людей, которые сделали это возможным.
00:24:24Он сказал, поехали, он взмахнул рукой, словно вдоль по Питерской, Питерской пронесся над землей.
00:24:36Мы считаем своим долгом возложить цветы человеку, который первым полетел в космос во всем мире.
00:24:49А жена знает?
00:25:05Знает.
00:25:07Ну и как?
00:25:08Что как, плачет?
00:25:10Понятно, понятно.
00:25:11А вообще-то я везучий, а ты?
00:25:15Я тоже.
00:25:16Значит, все будет в порядке.
00:25:1890 минут, один оборот, виток и обратно.
00:25:2210 минут на парашют.
00:25:25Ой, время-то как летит.
00:25:29Ну?
00:25:32Ступай спать.
00:25:34Надежда прогрессивного человечества.
00:25:38А вы?
00:25:38Я еще покажу.
00:25:40Even 10 лет назад, cinema audiences were still being thrilled by the widescreen recreation of Gagarin's flight.
00:25:49The feature film, The Taming of Fire, offers some adjustments to the documentary record.
00:26:00Внимание!
00:26:00Минутная готовность.
00:26:02Attention.
00:26:0360 seconds countdown.
00:26:05Заряя-1, I'm Кедр.
00:26:06Got you.
00:26:0760 seconds countdown.
00:26:10Внимание!
00:26:12Минутная готовность.
00:26:15Есть!
00:26:17Есть!
00:26:18Минутная готовность.
00:26:19Минутная готовность принята.
00:26:24Ключ на старт.
00:26:27Есть ключ на старт.
00:26:30Ключ на старт.
00:26:33Ключ на старт.
00:26:34Есть старт.
00:26:36Протяжка 1.
00:26:37Есть протяжка.
00:26:39Протяжка.
00:26:40Ключ на дренаж.
00:26:41Кедр.
00:26:42Ярзавя 1.
00:26:43Зажигание.
00:26:44Зажигание.
00:26:45Понял вас.
00:26:48Зажигание.
00:26:50Есть предварительные.
00:26:53Промежуточные.
00:26:54Желаю вам доброго полета.
00:26:55Гот лак.
00:26:56Слышишь меня?
00:26:58Счастливым тебе!
00:27:00Поехали!
00:27:01Продолжение следует...
00:27:16Oh, my God.
00:27:46Oh, my God.
00:28:16Oh, my God.
00:28:46Oh, my God.
00:28:47Oh, my God.
00:28:48Oh, my God.
00:28:49Oh, my God.
00:28:50Oh, my God.
00:28:51Oh, my God.
00:28:52Oh, my God.
00:28:53Oh, my God.
00:28:54Oh, my God.
00:28:55Oh, my God.
00:28:56Oh, my God.
00:28:57Oh, my God.
00:28:58Oh, my God.
00:28:59Oh, my God.
00:29:02Oh, my God.
00:29:03Oh, my God.
00:29:04Oh, my God.
00:29:05Oh, my God.
00:29:06Oh, my God.
00:29:07Oh, my God.
00:29:08Oh, my God.
00:29:09Oh, my God.
00:29:10Oh, my God.
00:29:11Oh, my God.
00:29:12Oh, my God.
00:29:13Oh, my God.
00:29:15Oh, my God.
00:29:16Oh, my God.
00:29:17Oh, my God.
00:29:18Oh, my God.
00:29:21Oh, my God.
00:29:22Oh, my God.
00:29:23Oh, my God.
00:29:24Oh, my God.
00:29:34Well, of course, throughout the 70s, the people here in this country, they were losing their
00:29:41beliefs and enthusiasm and everything, including all these space ship heroics.
00:29:46I mean we had all those flights and probably the most famous of them was actually this Soyuz Apollo flight with the Americans.
00:30:06I remember it made cigarettes Soyuz Apollo.
00:30:10This was quite a pleasant thing because of course it was all about detente and like part-time finishing of the Cold War and so on.
00:30:22But there was no big excitement about it, you know, people were not crying in the streets and so it was already very much indifferent.
00:30:40Outer space at your home. The screen is in one of Moscow's streets. Live transmission. People stop to look at it.
00:30:52Remember the noisy triumph of cosmonautics at the very beginning? But now it is a regular matter. Nobody looks into the night sky to detect a star made by human hands as they did 30 years ago when the first satellite or Sputnik was launched.
00:31:08Soon even the television space spectaculars had a routine feel.
00:31:14But sometimes we have a real holiday. The most unforgettable, of course, is a bath in outer space.
00:31:20For Sergei Krikalev and the cosmonauts of the 1990s, space is a job founded on years of hard training and routines learnt in the full-scale mock-up of the Mir space station.
00:31:42The humdrum miracles of life in space for Krikalev and his colleagues on Mir were recorded by a couple of professional video cameras left behind by a passing Japanese cosmonaut.
00:31:56Over the months, Krikalev found himself playing host to a sequence of visiting cosmonauts, while his engineering skills kept him on permanent course.
00:32:25servicing the whims of the ageing space station.
00:32:29...
00:32:33...
00:32:38...
00:32:39...
00:32:41...
00:32:43...
00:32:53Space may have lost its public glamour in the 1990s, but the experience of the cosmos has continued to stir the imaginations of successive generations of cosmonauts.
00:33:23You may have read or heard, and look at these places is very interesting and very beautiful, so we spent a lot of time looking at the earth.
00:33:53We'd go down to the very end of one of the modules, it's the module where they do all their spacewalks from, and so the two spacewalk suits, and they're huge suits, and they're huddled inside the end of this module, and me and Sergei would get down the end of here, because there are windows opposite each other, so whichever way the space station is pointing, there's always one window that you can look at and see the earth.
00:34:15And we'd just float next to this window, and sometimes not even say anything to each other.
00:34:23We'll see you next time.
00:34:53We'll see you next time.
00:34:55We'll see you next time.
00:35:23We'll see you next time.
00:35:25Bye-bye.
00:35:27We'll see you next time.
00:35:29We'll see you next time.
00:35:31We'll see you next time.
00:36:33I was a very small boy and I started to dream about flying.
00:36:41I was flying maybe for 30 years just in my dreams almost every night.
00:36:47It was my childhood and in the mountains it is extremely close to space, you know, the feeling.
00:37:03Looking into the skies and at night and all the sky is just, you know, coming to you.
00:37:14It seemed to me like that or I am going closer to the stars.
00:37:22It is easier for me to take a pencil and a sheet of paper and to make a sketch than to speak too much about it.
00:37:30My idea, it is a Columbus, one, two, three.
00:37:38But I want to do at this surface our emblem, Association of Space Explorers.
00:37:49Alexei Leonov was the first man to walk in space. He is also a passionate painter.
00:37:54I was the first artist, then I became a cosmonaut, then I became a cosmonaut, then I became a cosmonaut.
00:38:01I was the first artist, then I began to predict what it is, but I could not imagine how it is, that it is a blue world and a black sky.
00:38:15The sun is bright and bright stars.
00:38:20I had a dream to make a card with a real real color.
00:38:34I thought, why is the Black Sea?
00:38:40Why is the Black Sea?
00:38:43Why is the Baltic?
00:38:45It means that someone saw it from there and said it first.
00:38:49Black Sea, the Black Sea.
00:38:52It is really black.
00:38:54I would say that many of the cosmonauts and the astronauts have such a feeling
00:39:07and a wish to share with the ideas, with the ways of thinking.
00:39:17And especially after my first flight when my philosophy has been changed quite deeply.
00:39:24That is why my ideas and my drawings are connected with people.
00:39:30Sometimes an adventure.
00:39:33Sometimes just a mood of a man flying over the Earth, watching and thinking.
00:39:39The space art, the same as the space exploration.
00:39:51I think the interest to it, it is the interest to our future, to the future of mankind.
00:39:57It is the mirror of the space exploration, if I can do it as good.
00:40:02Until the collapse of communism, Andrei Sokolov was the official artist of Soviet space.
00:40:07For more than 25 years, he has pursued his passion for painting space with unique persistence and ingenuity.
00:40:16I understand that I would never fly to the space.
00:40:19I am too big and tall.
00:40:21So, I send my sketches there.
00:40:24For example, this.
00:40:26It is the paintings that I make using this sketch.
00:40:31If the cosmos take it in space, it is not heavy.
00:40:36They can put it so in the pocket.
00:40:40And I paint as I think it might look.
00:40:45And then they make their remarks.
00:40:48This is a painting.
00:40:51It is the beginning.
00:40:53But I just wanted to hear your opinion first.
00:40:57You see, this is going to change.
00:41:00This is the sketch that you brought.
00:41:03How does it correspond to the reality?
00:41:05It is great.
00:41:06It is great.
00:41:07I just know that these paintings are very often.
00:41:11It is just against the sun.
00:41:13Anatoly Art Sabarsky flew with Sergei Krikaleov early in his mission.
00:41:18Like scores of other Soviet cosmonauts, he recorded his comments on Sokolov's paintings in space.
00:41:24To the horizon, there is such an effect.
00:41:26You see?
00:41:27Like a mirror in the light, he is possible?
00:41:30Yes.
00:41:31Yes.
00:41:32It is.
00:41:33It is static.
00:41:35It is a dynamic.
00:41:36It is visible.
00:41:37It is visible.
00:41:38It is visible.
00:41:39It is visible.
00:41:40It is visible.
00:41:41It is visible.
00:41:42It is visible.
00:41:43It is visible.
00:41:44Yes.
00:41:45It is visible.
00:41:46It is visible.
00:41:49It is visible.
00:42:01It is visible.
00:42:10It is visible.
00:42:12It is visible.
00:42:13Yuri Romionenko learned to play the guitar in space, and composed this song while on the
00:42:19the Mir station. Other cosmonauts have found the mix of art and science more elusive.
00:42:49As for music, music was, for us, better to say, the fone.
00:43:13I don't refer to my acquaintances or especially my favorite music.
00:43:17Many of them are concerned about the music and the actors who write this music.
00:43:23Unfortunately, I don't care about it.
00:43:25But music has sounded very often.
00:43:27During our work and during training sports, we always played music.
00:43:32It helped us a few, it helped us a lot.
00:43:36And the final part of the flight was that music inspired us.
00:43:47First of all, I tried to have in space classical music.
00:43:52But classical music, it is a very bad idea because you should hear the music or work.
00:44:00And I changed my tapes and I really had in space big bands.
00:44:17Glenn Miller was a very good background for working.
00:44:25Georgi Gretschko also took with him into space less soothing music.
00:44:30A tape of the Soviet Union's most popular and most seditious songwriter, Vladimir Vysotsky.
00:44:35The songs of Vysotsky were spirit, how to behave in a bad situation.
00:44:51The songs of Vysotsky were spirit, how to behave in a bad situation.
00:44:55After my flight, I gave this tape to Vysotsky with thank you for your songs.
00:45:13In space when we are weak, your songs made us strong.
00:45:20I was very much afraid.
00:45:22Well, all the time, well, I had insomnia, I couldn't sleep at all.
00:45:27I couldn't sleep, well, a minute.
00:45:31I lost just six kilograms of weight.
00:45:37I didn't forget about my husband being in orbit for a minute.
00:45:41I could sit in this mission control center and I could hear everything my husband was speaking.
00:45:47And at some moment, suddenly, he couldn't finish the sentence.
00:45:51He started speaking and suddenly he stopped and I could hear him any longer.
00:45:59And then I decided that that was all.
00:46:04They perished.
00:46:05I was sitting there and waiting when people will come and tell me that my husband died.
00:46:16Well, and suddenly somebody came and said, well, congratulations, your husband has landed.
00:46:21I said, no, no, it's not true.
00:46:24I could hear myself that he didn't finish the sentence.
00:46:28I said, it's true, he has come back.
00:46:31And then I suddenly believed.
00:46:33I believed that my husband has returned.
00:46:36And I started crying at that moment.
00:46:38I think the hardest part was actually saying goodbye.
00:46:52And gradually we got further from the station.
00:46:54But while we were still in radio contact,
00:46:56Sergei played the electric keyboards a little bit,
00:46:58a little tune that we'd got to know that he liked playing while he was up there.
00:47:03And I can still remember the same beat that he used to play.
00:47:08And as we drifted further and further away,
00:47:10eventually we couldn't even hear each other properly because of the crackliness of the radio waves.
00:47:15And then they decided that they said, we'd like to say goodbye now.
00:47:18We can't hear you properly, but we'll play you something to remember us by.
00:47:22And they put on that cassette and they played Tanita Tikarum, The World Outside Your Window.
00:47:38Oh, and tell me if you want to catch that feeling of redemption,
00:47:45that feeling of redemption, don't do much for me.
00:47:51I know one Russian astronaut who had Bible in flight.
00:48:01His flight was very long and he read Bible from first page till the end.
00:48:10Georgi Grechko's own choice of space literature was shorter.
00:48:15Graeme Grechko, our man in Havana, you should have some sample,
00:48:22how somebody else behaves in this situation.
00:48:27Situation like Mission Impossible and not get out of this situation,
00:48:34but get out with destiny and with humour.
00:48:39And in this book, it was simple how to do it for me.
00:48:47In the fourth month of his flight, within sight of the end of his scheduled mission,
00:48:52Sergei Grechko was suddenly confronted with the prospect of his own Mission Impossible.
00:48:56And now a new flash.
00:49:01According to the article 1277 of the USSR Constitution,
00:49:06Vice President of the USSR, Dhanai Yenaev,
00:49:09took office from Soviet President Mihail Gorbachev,
00:49:13because Gorbachev is unable to perform his presidential duties for his reasons.
00:49:18In the morning, in the morning, when it happened,
00:49:25in the first sequence, we told them that we will give you a important message.
00:49:31Of course, for us it was a big surprise.
00:49:34We didn't even understand what happened first,
00:49:36because the sequence was short.
00:49:39They gave us a portion of information,
00:49:41and we started to think about what was happening.
00:49:44So, with the short-cut pieces of information that came to us on board,
00:49:51we tried to create a more or less ideal picture.
00:49:54As I understand, there was no fear of them.
00:49:59And they couldn't change the situation.
00:50:03It was just to take the information and make some conclusions.
00:50:09What is it and how it is.
00:50:14Well, of course, we tried to figure out how the development of the cosmos is going to happen.
00:50:19We tried to figure out how the development of the cosmos is going to happen.
00:50:24In case of the moment, this path, which happened,
00:50:28we didn't understand, of course, of course, of course.
00:50:30Many of the Earth didn't understand it.
00:50:32And we, getting the average of the Earth,
00:50:34it would be difficult for us to make it.
00:50:36With the collapse of the coup in Moscow, Sergei Krikalev was presented with a dismaying new
00:50:52challenge. Political squabbling in the fragmenting Soviet Union and a cash crisis dictated a bleak
00:51:00message from mission control. Instead of coming home soon, cosmonaut Krikalev was asked to
00:51:06stay in space until further notice.
00:51:36Sergei would often talk about his family. He had a lovely young wife, still has a lovely
00:51:41young wife, and a little girl who was nine months old when we actually launched into space.
00:51:46And he'd often talk about that too. It's something that had become quite important in his life
00:51:52because the first time he flew, he wasn't married. And he really got to know his wife
00:51:56because she worked in mission control. He got to know her while he was in space the first
00:52:00time just by talking to her on the radio link. And this second time, he was not only
00:52:05married to her, but they had a little girl as well. And so that was the main difference
00:52:08for him.
00:52:09Yeah.
00:52:10I was very upset.
00:52:11Yeah.
00:52:12Because at that point, it was already more than half of his flight, which was
00:52:17planned in the beginning. And, well, my heart was, like, here's a little bit, and he'll
00:52:23return. And then he'll tell me that he'll fly for five months. It was very difficult,
00:52:27of course.
00:52:28It was officially planned once in two weeks. About an hour. We had a television.
00:52:35And, well, I tried not to talk about any unpleasant things, because it was so difficult,
00:52:42because it was so difficult and difficult. And, as far as I understood, that he did the same
00:52:48as well. He always told us that everything was fine, everything was fine, everything was fine,
00:52:53everything was fine, everything was fine, everything was fine. And so to understand
00:52:59until the end, what is happening, it's very difficult for a person to think.
00:53:03You can only figure it out.
00:53:06I knew how hard it was to be every day, every week, every week, to be in the cosmos.
00:53:13And so, for six months of the flight, it was a very difficult task.
00:53:19But, I appreciated my strength, that I could do it. And, as the experience showed,
00:53:26the strength was enough until the end of the flight.
00:53:31At the end of 1991, as the Soviet Union ceased to exist, aboard the Mir space station, the
00:53:38last Soviet citizen received a visitor from the west. Franz Fiebock became the first Austrian
00:53:44in space, gratefully fired into orbit by a bankrupt Russian space programme desperate
00:53:49for his $12 million launch fee. Along with him came a newly independent Kazakh.
00:54:00Krikalev was also joined by a post-Communist fellow Russian.
00:54:21Mission Control provided the welcoming soundtrack, free of charge.
00:54:29habla
00:54:31Russian
00:54:39B
00:54:48For 30 years, Star City has been the heart of cosmonaut training.
00:55:04This used to be one of the most prestigious and secret places in the Soviet Union.
00:55:18General Piotr Klimuk is the commander of Star City.
00:55:41These days, he's also in the business of attracting vital hard currency from overseas.
00:55:45We are now on the home of the Star City.
00:55:49In front of the shops, astronauts and cosmonauts of foreign countries
00:55:55come to the Star City to get ready.
00:56:04Yuri Gagarin's study in Star City is preserved as a shrine,
00:56:08frozen in time at the moment of his death 25 years ago.
00:56:15But Gagarin would surely be bewildered by the latest recruits for cosmonaut training at Star City.
00:56:22Star City made its own promotional video to record the first group of American tourists.
00:56:37For around $5,000 each, some of capitalism's boulder spirits were invited to sample the thrills and spills of Soviet space training.
00:56:46I'm 1997.
00:56:51It will beiller.
00:56:53We will
00:57:16BAYCONNURA
00:57:46the cosmic aircraft, the Star Wars, and the Aulets, which gave us the road to our grandparents.
00:57:58I see the flag behind your back. There are a lot of flags, including our flag.
00:58:04Yes, we put our flag right now. There was an international crew. It was very good.
00:58:16The Star Wars
00:58:26The Star Wars
00:59:00The Gagarin Party, a rave in Moscow's Space Museum, amid the retired satellites and pioneering
00:59:15hardware of the heroic era, now recycled as disco props.
00:59:21There was a group of kids from St. Petersburg who were doing rave parties at the Petersburg
00:59:27Planetarium, so they were already a bit crazy about space and science fiction and so on.
00:59:33And they've done this party.
00:59:35It was absolutely brilliant.
00:59:36And I also think that it was very good to name it Gagarin Party after Gagarin.
00:59:41Because, you know, right now we have this very boring Americanization of our culture.
00:59:50And of course, those American vibes, they are stronger than our own vibes.
00:59:56And, you know, now it's those boring soft drinks and fast food and, you know, and junk clothes
01:00:04everywhere.
01:00:05And we are sort of losing our national identity and pride in everything else.
01:00:11And I think this is quite inevitable.
01:00:14But at the same time, it's awfully pleasant to say one day, look, American guys, here's
01:00:22Yuri Alexievich Gagarin, the first man in space, the man who managed to destroy the whole American
01:00:32dream overnight.
01:00:34There was one very well-known cosmonaut named Grieczko.
01:00:41I just saw him sitting there drinking champagne in huge quantities with a happy smile on his
01:00:47face.
01:00:47I think the cosmonauts were actually having a good time, but they didn't dance, unfortunately.
01:00:52They were just drinking.
01:00:54You know, those cosmonauts, they now feel so neglected.
01:00:58They are so happy if someone calls them for a party or anything.
01:01:04In Babylon, 2000 years ago, on the clay tables was a right road.
01:01:19Now the younger man is so awful that in some decades all the world will go to hell with this
01:01:31younger man, but now not decades, 2000 years, and the world is alive.
01:01:39And it was a sign for me not punish this young man.
01:01:45I should, I should, I tried to understand them.
01:01:50I guess that Gagarin would not like this, because, of course, it's very strange.
01:01:56The space equipment was made by us.
01:02:01And we installed in this equipment not only electronic devices, but our body, our brain,
01:02:08our soul, our soul, and this big sound of this discotheque, and some, maybe, a light drunk young men
01:02:25and girls.
01:02:26Of course, it was very strange mixture, but it is their time, not ours.
01:02:32What was the most serious argument for you?
01:02:33Well, the most serious argument, I guess, is economic, because such a
01:02:47variant allowed me to save money on the ship.
01:02:51Although, for me, this is a tough variant, and, of course, not useful for
01:02:55health, but he saved a lot of resources.
01:02:59And in this time, when it is very difficult in the country, it is, I guess, the opportunity
01:03:05to save money on the first plane.
01:03:08Only a few weeks after the Gagarin party, the Space Museum has received a further assault
01:03:21on its heroic image.
01:03:23Now, the Museum of Space Achievements has a new role.
01:03:29It has become a used car lot for imported Western cast-offs.
01:03:34In this time, the
01:03:57Now, museum curator and ex-cosmonaut Alexey Grachanik keeps a vigil over the last of his
01:04:15remaining relics.
01:04:26Most of the museum's spacecraft have been sold to overseas buyers.
01:04:56In the United States, in Austria there were several exhibits.
01:05:03Now, to look at our spacecraft, we need to travel abroad.
01:05:11Not many Gagarin worshippers come to pay their respects here any more.
01:05:19They renamed his hometown after its most famous son 30 years ago.
01:05:24But it seems Gagarin doesn't have the pull of Graceland or Penny Lane in the 1990s.
01:05:34On a sunny Saturday afternoon, we were the only visitors to the tidy shrine they've assembled round his house.
01:05:41Yuri was seven years old when the Hitlerites overran Smolensk region.
01:05:58The family left this devastated village and moved to Grachan.
01:06:03They lived under this roof frugally, as all people lived in those grim years.
01:06:08Yuri, the son of a collective farmer, decided to enter a trade school.
01:06:13And after the war, in 1947, in 1947, the family Gagarin перевозит here
01:06:18свой дом.
01:06:19He was installed on the place where he was living in the 60s.
01:06:24The family of Gagarin lived here until 1961.
01:06:32After the flight of Yuri Gagarin in the cosmos, in 1961,
01:06:36the authorities and the city authorities gave the family the next house,
01:06:40which is located on the right side of the street.
01:06:43It's just a quarter of a century since Yuri Gagarin died in a plane crash.
01:06:51But his car is still displayed in its casket.
01:06:54And the other relics of the Gagarin cult
01:07:23are preserved with the respect due to a secular saint.
01:07:27We remember again about him, about his loving friends.
01:07:34We remember the star-spit and the study of the study
01:07:39How Yuri is watching us on the flight.
01:07:42Yuri, is watching us on the flight.
01:07:47On the flight.
01:07:48For almost 5,000 orbits, Sergei Krikalev stayed remote from the world's continuing story.
01:07:58Hostages were released, apartheid was dismantled in South Africa,
01:08:03and 70 years of communism ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
01:08:07As the months piled up, Sergei Krikalev endured a regular series of emotional partings with his visitors.
01:08:19I would like just to hug now our wonderful Earth, the wonderful planet to see from cosmos.
01:08:48Bye-bye.
01:08:50This is my life, I'm my life.
01:08:54I'm all the way.
01:08:55I'm all the way.
01:08:56I'm all the way.
01:08:58Bye-bye.
01:08:59Bye-bye.
01:09:00Bye-bye.
01:09:01Bye-bye.
01:09:02Bye-bye.
01:09:03Bye-bye.
01:09:04Bye-bye.
01:09:05Bye-bye.
01:09:06Bye-bye.
01:09:07Bye-bye.
01:09:08Bye-bye.
01:09:09Bye-bye.
01:09:10Thank you, guys, for the great work and happy life.
01:09:14so we are going to turn off the television
01:09:44At last, on March the 25th, 1992, after 10 months in space,
01:09:49Krikalev was able to say his own goodbyes,
01:09:52reprieved by a German cosmonaut and German money.
01:10:14And here, there's a normal, normal air.
01:10:31It's normal, our sun.
01:10:33Because when the sun looked at us in the illuminator,
01:10:36it was literally a dark, a light sun.
01:10:39There was snow, it was still cold, it was a good weather, and there was snow in the middle of the people who could help us move.
01:10:56It was very pleasant, despite the pressure that was on us,
01:11:07but psychologically, the pressure was removed, and there was a moment,
01:11:13maybe even euphoria, but it was very pleasant.
01:11:26Now we live in a different reality.
01:11:33I think that the perception of normal people here is just forget it.
01:11:39All right, yes, we are the first man in space, it was great, but you know, so what?
01:11:46In this new reality there is simply no space for space.
01:11:51I mean, everything is very much down to earth now.
01:11:55Do you know who it is?
01:11:57No.
01:11:58I don't know.
01:11:59You know who it is?
01:12:00No.
01:12:01I don't know.
01:12:02You know who it is?
01:12:03No, I don't know.
01:12:04You know, I heard it, but I don't know.
01:12:07No, I don't know.
01:12:09I heard it, but I don't know the name.
01:12:12I heard it, but...
01:12:16Well, regarding the fact that they don't know my name,
01:12:20I'm very grateful for this.
01:12:22In some cases it's even convenient.
01:12:24I think it's hard to live with a person who can't go to the street,
01:12:28who can't go to the street, on whom everyone is paying attention.
01:12:31This situation is pretty good.
01:12:33There is no one.
01:12:34There is no one.
01:12:35There is no one.
01:12:36There is no one.
01:12:37There is no one.
01:12:38There is no one.
01:12:39There is no one.
01:12:40There is no one.
01:12:41There is no one.
01:12:42There is no one.
01:12:43There is no one.
01:12:46With this world, there's a privilege and this is my personal population.
01:12:51So, in principle, cosmonauts may not be at the bottom of the surface,
01:12:56but all the population grows slower than the prices.
01:13:01So, this is a common tendency.
01:13:04In this sense, we are the same as normal people.
01:13:07Now we are short of sausages.
01:13:11And for us, the most interesting for our people is poltergeist,
01:13:18UFO, and the life after the death.
01:13:23I get that in some years we will have enough sausages,
01:13:28and the people will have ones more interesting in space.
01:13:33Cosmos has stopped to interest people.
01:13:37Not only cosmos, not only space, but we'll take art, for example. Art.
01:13:45Theatres. Well, people don't go to theatres any longer.
01:13:55They must think how to support the families.
01:14:01Well, many things have stopped to interest people,
01:14:05not only space flights.
01:14:07And then people think that space flights are very expensive.
01:14:12And so this influences the people's minds, too.
01:14:18Of course, it is not prestigious any longer.
01:14:21But what can we do? What can we do?
01:14:25Today, cosmonauts earn less than taxi drivers,
01:14:29and their once heroic trade has been racked by strikes and violence.
01:14:34But Sergei Krakaryov continues to pursue his space career.
01:14:38In a world that Yuri Gagarin would hardly recognise,
01:14:41the man who was marooned as the last Soviet citizen
01:14:44has found a new way into space, via the American Space Shuttle.
01:14:49In the last days before he left for America,
01:14:52Krakaryov found time for one final gesture
01:14:55towards the traditions of Soviet space.
01:14:59I personally think that this is a very funny story,
01:15:02and that he is a real space hero,
01:15:05maybe the second biggest space hero after Yuri Gagarin.
01:15:09But in this country, it's almost unknown.
01:15:12Another dip into the arena archives next on BBC Four,
01:15:37for a celebration of the history, staff and passengers
01:15:41on the London Underground.
01:15:43In the last days of the day,
01:15:45in the day of the day,
01:15:46in the day,
01:15:47in the day,
01:15:48in the day,
01:15:49we are still again
01:15:50вспомним о нем.
01:15:54And remember
01:15:55звездный причал
01:16:00и учебный штурвал,
01:16:02как нас Юра
01:16:03в полет провожал.
01:16:06Юра
01:16:07В полет
01:16:10провожал.
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