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Disaster Transbian episode 57
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00:00Hatchup Suit
00:27Hatchup Suit
00:32Hatchup Suit
00:57Hatchup Suit
01:00Hatchup Suit was the daughter of Thutmose I and great royal wife Ahmose. Upon the death of her husband and half-brother Thutmose II, she had initially ruled as regent to her stepson Thutmose III, who inherited the throne at the age of two.
01:17two. Several years into her regency, Hatshepsut assumed the position of pharaoh and adopted
01:24the full royal titulary, making her a co-ruler alongside Thutmose III. In order to establish
01:32herself in the Egyptian patriarchy, she took on traditionally male roles and was depicted as a
01:38male pharaoh with physically masculine traits and traditionally male garb. Hatshepsut's reign
01:46was a period of great prosperity and general peace. Fear of her royal line losing the kingship
01:52but encouraged Hatshepsut to become pharaoh. Her claim to more power was supported and she received
01:58the official regalia of the pharaoh, including the cut headcloth featuring the ureus, the rearing cobra,
02:05a traditional false beard, and shendit kilt. Many statues survive showing Hatshepsut in this
02:12androgynous royal attire. In reliefs, she is shown striding forward and standing tall, as well as the
02:19traditional pious kneeling position, rather than the demure postures of Egyptian female figures.
02:24The feminine ankle-length dress and closed-feet stance are rarely used in images of Hatshepsut.
02:32There was no word for queen in ancient Egypt. King's wife was the title given to those who
02:38married the pharaoh. The ruler was called the king or pharaoh, no matter their gender. In the majority
02:44of the statues and works of art that have survived until the modern day, Hatshepsut is presented as
02:50a masculine king. This was one of the reasons why it took Egyptologists so long to identify her.
02:57Hieroglyphic inscriptions said female king, but the imagery was almost entirely masculine.
03:02Presenting herself as a male king wasn't deceitful, it was tradition. Egyptian art often presented
03:09things as they should be, rather than how they are. Older kings and infant kings, like Thutmose
03:15III, were also presented as having youthful, trim, masculine physiques. She presented herself
03:22as other kings did. Relief scenes show Hatshepsut completing historic kingly rituals, from making
03:29offerings to the gods, and celebrating festivals, to trampling foreign countives, in the form
03:35of a sphinx. Hatshepsut did not completely hide her femininity, as she took on the masculine
03:42attributes of the kingship. She replaced the traditional male titles and epithets used on
03:48hieroglyphic labels on statues, and reliefs with feminine variations. Her name was often followed
03:54up with daughter of Ray, and the feminine word endings she used led to grammatical oxymorons
03:59like His Majesty herself. In private spaces, statues of Hatshepsut depicted her with a mix
04:06of male and female attributes. Two rare examples of these statues, now in the Metropolitan Museum
04:11of Art in New York, show her with the masculine headdress of the pharaoh, combined with an obvious
04:17feminine silhouette, or even in full feminine dress. It was in public spaces, such as on the
04:24processional way, that her statues presented her as a young king in the prime of life.
04:30When in sphinx form, kneeling or standing, Hatshepsut's statues sought to portray her as
04:35the ideal male king. She also called on the religious aspects of the pharaoh to bolster her legitimacy.
04:42She styled herself as matkare, meaning, truth is the soul of the sun god, to emphasize her
04:49connection to Amun. She aimed to highlight her moral responsibilities as pharaoh. Maat,
04:55meaning the truth, order and justice bestowed by the gods, referred to her ability as the
05:00legitimate pharaoh to communicate with the gods. This title plainly said that she was destined
05:06to help maintain Maat and bring stability and prosperity to Egypt. Hatshepsut's legitimacy
05:12was further bolstered by the proclamation of the oracle of Amun. The oracle declared that
05:17Hatshepsut's rise to become pharaoh was, in fact, Amun's will. Hatshepsut promoted the
05:23words of the oracle by carving the following proclamation on many of her grand monuments.
05:28Welcome, my sweet daughter, my favorite, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Maat kare Hatshepsut.
05:36Thou art the pharaoh taking possession of the two lands.
05:41One of the most prolific builders in ancient Egypt, she oversaw large-scale construction projects,
05:48such as the Karnak temple complex, the Red Chapel, the Speos Artemidos, and most famously,
05:55the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, Adir al-Bahari. Hatshepsut died, probably in the year 22 of
06:04Thutmose III, towards the end of the reign of Thutmose III, and into the reign of his son,
06:09Aminotep II. An attempt was made to remove her from official accounts of Egyptian historiography.
06:18Her statues were destroyed, her monuments were defaced, and many of her achievements
06:24were ascribed to other pharaohs. Many modern historians attribute this to ritual and religious
06:31reasons, rather than personal hostility, as previously thought. At the dear al-Bahari temple,
06:38Hatshepsut's many statues were torn down, and in many cases smashed or disfigured,
06:44before being buried in a pit. At Karnak, an attempt was made to wall off her monuments.
06:51While it is clear that much of this rewriting of Hatshepsut's history occurred only during the
06:56close of Thutmose III's reign, it is not clear why it happened, other than as a manifestation of the
07:03typical pattern of self-promotion that existed among the pharaohs and their administrators, or perhaps to
07:10save money by not building new monuments for the burial of Thutmose III, and instead using the grand
07:16structures built by Hatshepsut. Aminotep II, the son of Thutmose III, who became a co-regent,
07:24toward the end of his father's reign, is suspected by some as being the defacer during the end of the
07:30reign of a very old pharaoh. He would have had a motive because his position in the royal lineage was
07:37not so strong as to assure his elevation to pharaoh. He is documented further as having usurped many of
07:45Hatshepsut's accomplishments during his own reign. His reign is marked with attempts to break the royal
07:52lineage as well, not recording the names of his queens and eliminating the powerful titles and
07:59official roles of royal women such as God's wife of Amun. Some of these titles would be restored in the reign
08:08of his son, Thutmose IV. For many years, presuming that it was Thutmose III acting out of resentment,
08:18once he became pharaoh, early modern Egyptologists presumed that the erasures were similar to the Roman
08:24demnesium memoriae. There is evidence to suggest that Hatshepsut herself was conscious that her
08:31legacy might be deliberately buried. On a second pair of obelisks at Karnak, she had the following
08:38inscription inscribed. Now my heart turns this way and that, as I think what the people will say.
08:46Those who shall see my monuments in years to come, and who shall speak of what I have done.
08:52Although she temporarily disappeared from history and was not the most famous female pharaoh,
08:57a distinction reserved for Cleopatra, Hatshepsut arguably left the greatest cultural legacy of
09:03any pharaoh. Her monuments and temples inspired thousands of architectural works even after she was
09:09gone. Some of the greatest architectural wonders of the ancient world, including her mortuary temple,
09:15were built during her reign. Masses of exotic goods, artifacts, artworks and monuments found from Hatshepsut's
09:23reign show that she laid the foundations of the golden age of the new kingdom. Ancient Egypt undoubtedly
09:32flourished under her rule. Egyptologist Donald Redford said that this was not born out of hatred,
09:39but was the political necessity to assert his own beliefs. Redford added,
09:45But did Thutmose remember her? Here and there, in the dark recesses of a shrine or tomb,
09:51where no plebeian eye could see, the queen's cartouche and figure were left intact,
09:56which never vulgar eye would again behold, still conveyed for the king, the warmth and awe of a divine
10:04presence. It has been suggested that her image and name survived out of the public eye because whoever
10:10had orchestrated her erasure had wanted to avoid sacrilege. Mortuary temples were built to honour the
10:17gods, but also to provide a home for the cult of that particular pharaoh. The cult of the pharaoh
10:23would continue to worship the pharaoh after they had died, performing rituals which renewed the pharaoh's
10:29divinity. It was believed that, after their death, pharaohs became fully divine and assimilated with
10:36Osiris, god of reincarnation, and Ra, god of the sun. Given this view of Egyptian kingship,
10:43whoever erased Hatshepsut may have deliberately avoided tarnishing her divinity.
10:49Another theory was that Thutmose aimed to relegate Hatshepsut to the position of regent,
10:55the traditional role of powerful women, in order to safeguard future royal succession patterns.
11:01The achievements of Hatshepsut's reign was evidence that the traditional male role of pharaoh could
11:07be successfully held by a woman. Hatshepsut proved, more so than other ancient Egyptian female rulers,
11:14that a woman could rule during a long, prosperous and expansive period.
11:27The attack on the Temple of Hatshepsut, commonly known as the Luxor Massacre, was a terrorist attack
11:35that occurred on November 17th, 1997, in Deir el-Bahari, Egypt, at an archaeological site
11:43located across the Nile from the city of Luxor. It was perpetrated by the Al-Jamaz Al-Islamiyah,
11:52and resulted in the deaths of 62 people, most of whom were tourists.
11:57The Al-Islamiyah is an Egyptian Sunni Islamist movement, and is considered a terrorist organization
12:07by the United Kingdom and the European Union, but was removed from the United States list of foreign
12:14terrorist organizations. In May 2022, the group was dedicated to the overthrow of the Egyptian government,
12:23and replacing it with an Islamic State. The group has committed to peaceful means,
12:29following the coup that toppled Muhammad Morsi. From 1992 to 1998, Al-Jamaz Al-Islamiyah fought an
12:38insurgency against the Egyptian government, during which at least 796 Egyptian policemen and soldiers,
12:47Al-Jamaz Al-Islamiyah fighters and civilians were killed. During the fighting, Al-Jamaz Al-Islamiyah was given
12:56support by the governments of Iran and Sudan, as well as from Al-Qaeda. The Egyptian government received
13:04support during that time from the United States.
13:18foreign
13:27foreign
13:43foreign
13:48In the mid-morning of November 17th,
14:17six gunmen killed 58 foreign nationals and four Egyptians.
14:23The assailants were armed with knives and automatic firearms
14:28and disguised as members of the security forces.
14:32They descended on the mortuary temple of Achepsut at around 8.45 a.m.
14:38They killed two armed guards at the site.
14:41While the tourists were trapped inside the temple,
14:45the killing went on systematically for 45 minutes,
14:49during which many bodies, especially of women,
14:53were mutilated with machetes.
14:55The body of an elderly Japanese man was also found mutilated.
15:01A leaflet was discovered, stuffed into his body,
15:05that read,
15:06No to tourists in Egypt,
15:08and was signed,
15:09Omar Abdul Rahman's Squadron of Havoc and Destruction,
15:13the Khmer Al-Islamiyah, the Islamic group.
15:18The dead included a five-year-old British child,
15:21Shawna Turner,
15:23Turner's mother and grandmother,
15:25and four Japanese couples on honeymoon.
15:28There were 26 survivors.
15:32The attackers then hijacked a bus,
15:34but ran into a checkpoint
15:36of armed Egyptian national police and military forces.
15:40The hijacked coach, Hagag Nahas,
15:42was trying to avoid tourist sites and look for help.
15:46After 30 minutes,
15:47he spotted a police checkpoint and slowed.
15:50The terrorists realized that the driver had taken them the wrong way
15:54and took their revenge.
15:56One of them hit me in the shoulder with the butt of his rifle.
16:02He hit me so hard that my shoulder broke.
16:07I completely lost the use of this arm.
16:13Alerted by frantic calls from the temple,
16:20the checkpoint police opened fire.
16:22The six terrorists jumped off the bus
16:25and ran into the nearby hills,
16:27chased by police and local Egyptians.
16:29A tourist captured the moment on their camera.
16:33With this gun battle raging around them,
16:52tourists and Egyptians took shelter in the entrance of a nearby tomb.
16:56One of the terrorists was wounded in the subsequent shootout
17:08and the rest fled into the hills where their bodies were found in a cave,
17:13apparently having committed suicide together.
17:17One or more of Al Jamea Al-Islamiyah's leaflets were found calling for the release
17:23of Omar Abdel Rahman from a U.S. prison,
17:26stating that the attack had been carried out as a gesture to exiled leader Mustafa Hamza
17:32or declaring we shall take revenge for our brothers who have died on the gallows.
17:37The depths of the earth are better for us than the surface,
17:41since we have seen our brothers squatting in their prisons
17:45and our brothers and families tortured in their jails.
17:48The attack is believed to have been carried out by the Al Jamea Al-Islamiyah
17:54in an attempt to undermine their July 1997 non-violence initiative
18:00to devastate the Egyptian economy and provoke the government into repression,
18:05which they assumed would strengthen support for anti-government forces.
18:11However, the attack ended up leading to internal divisions among the militants
18:16and resulted in the declaration of a ceasefire.
18:19In June 2013, the group denied that it was involved in the massacre.
18:24A certain American religious sect has been looking in conditions of the world during the Flood.
18:31According to their calculations, during the Flood, the winds, tides and currents were
18:37in an overall southeasterly direction. This would then mean that in order for
18:44a certain American religious sect has been looking in conditions of the world during the Flood.
18:52According to their calculations, during the Flood, the winds, tides and currents were in an overall southeasterly direction.
19:04This would then mean that in order for Noah's Ark to have ended up on Mount Ararat, here,
19:11would have had to have started out several thousand miles to the west.
19:16This would then locate pre-Flood civilization somewhere in the area of upstate New York
19:24and the Garden of Eden in New York City.
19:27This is war. This is terrorist war.
19:32Incredible sight, Mark. Of course, terrorists, you remember, tried but failed in 1993 to blow up the towers of the west as they are owned by some across the world.
19:44And, of course, this day they succeeded.
19:51These towers, just for a little bit of history, the towers were completed in 1976.
19:56They were, I should say, immense in every detail.
19:5943,000 windows, 99 elevators, all crumbled to the ground as we speak at this hour.
20:06They were designed to be especially sturdy.
20:10All the more horrific this scene is today.
20:13And the most frightening, perhaps, remembrance we all have are those who paid attention.
20:17Ramzi Yousef, who was the ringleader of the attempt to destroy these buildings in 1993,
20:24was being taken away by federal agents in a helicopter.
20:27And as they flew over lower Manhattan, one of the FBI agents said to him,
20:31Mr. Yousef, you see, the World Trade Centers are still standing.
20:34And he said, yes, but if we had enough money, they wouldn't be.
20:39So many people are linking what happened today to Osama bin Laden, the man who was behind that other effort in 1993.
20:47Obviously, we can't say that, but we can speculate this has been done all day.
20:52And there is a lot of speculation about that attack, focusing on bin Laden.
20:57Of course, he's been given asylum mark in Afghanistan.
21:00And it is interesting to note that today's attacks occurred one day before the scheduled sentencing of one of Osama bin Laden's associates.
21:09He was to have been sentenced tomorrow, or perhaps he still will be, in district court in Manhattan.
21:15His name, Mohammed Rashid Daoud al-Ahali.
21:18He was convicted of a terrorist bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Tanzania.
21:22That claimed it's more than 200 miles.
21:27My name is shit!
21:33It's a thing I want Lisa!
21:39Ah!
21:40Ah!
21:41Ah!
21:42Ah!
21:43Ah!
21:44Ah!
21:45Ah!
21:46Ah!
21:47Ah!
21:54Did you see that?
21:55Yes!
21:56Oh, my God!
21:58Why?
21:59Why he did that?
22:00that. The massacre took place an hour before the state visit of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
22:18and Prince Consort Klaus. Following the attack, President Hosni Mubarak replaced Interior
22:26Minister General Hassan al-Alfi with General Habib al-Adli. The Swiss Federal Police later
22:34determined that Osama bin Laden had financed the operation. The tourist industry in Egypt
22:41was seriously affected by the resultant slump in visitors and remained depressed until sinking
22:47even lower with the September 11th attacks in the United States in 2001. The 2005 Sharm
22:55al-Sheikh attacks and the 2006 Dahab bombings. The massacre marked a decisive drop in Islamist
23:04terrorist fortunes in Egypt by turning public opinion overwhelmingly against them. Terrorist
23:11attacks declined dramatically following the backlash from the massacre. Organizers and
23:17supporters of the attack quickly realized that the strike had been a massive miscalculation
23:23and reacted with denials of involvement. The day after the attack, al-Jumayah al-Islamiyah
23:30leader Refai Ahmed Taha claimed the attackers intended only to take the tourist hostage despite
23:36the immediate and systematic nature of the slaughter. Others denied Islamist involvement completely.
23:44Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman blamed Israelis for the killing and Amon Zawahiri maintained the attack was the work of the
23:52Egyptian police.
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