(1933) The Raid on the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Part 2/2) | Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany - video Dailymotion

Vivi Spinel

Disaster Transbian episode 71

Transcript

00:00Meine Herren, seit dem 30. Januar hat sich in Deutschland eine Umwälschung vollzogen,

00:10die in unserer Geschichte einst mit Recht als die nationale Revolution bezeichnet werden wird.

00:19Dass dieser Vorgang stattfand und in der uns bekannten Form ist zwei Gründe so zu schreiben.

00:26Erstens, sie durch den November 1908...

00:32We drove 2,000 miles for this.

00:35From about the early 1920s onward, Hirschfeld became a topic of the far right in Germany, including the Nazi Party.

00:45He was physically attacked during multiple incidents, including an incident in Munich on October 4, 1920,

00:54in which he was badly injured.

00:57Durch National Judenseitung, a nationalist paper, commented that it was regrettable Hirschfeld had not died.

01:06In another incident in Vienna, he was shot at.

01:11By 1929, frequent targeting by Nazis made it difficult for Hirschfeld to continue with his appearances in public.

01:19A caricature of him appeared on the front page of Der Stürmer in February 1929.

01:26The Nazi Party attacked his Jewish ancestry, as well as his theories about sex, gender, and sexuality.

01:33In late February 1933, as the influence of Ernst Fröhm weakened,

01:42the Nazi Party launched its purge of gay, then known as homophile, clubs in Berlin,

01:49outlawed sex publications, and banned organized gay groups.

01:54As a consequence, many fled Germany, including, for instance, Erika Mann.

02:01In March 1933, Kurt Hiller, a lawyer affiliated with the Institute,

02:08was sent to a concentration camp where he was tortured,

02:11though he later fled Germany and survived the war.

02:15On May 6, 1933,

02:25while Hirschfeld was in Eskona, Switzerland,

02:27the Deutschstudentenschaft made an organized attack on the Institute of Sex Research.

02:34A brass band accompanied them as they arrived in the morning.

02:38After breaking into the building,

02:41the students destroyed much of what was inside

02:44and looted tens of thousands of items,

02:47including works by authors who had been blacklisted in Nazi Germany.

02:52Following this, the leader of the students gave a speech before the Institute,

02:57and the students sang Horstwessel Nied.

03:00trained scientists, asked by爷ia Tom Kronin,

03:07and said to Jean Reiss,

03:09they procured their hearts if they put together

03:11as they were a daily matter of being civilized.

03:14Simon Reiss代 colored hoped they雨

03:15and assumed they would have stayed at home,

03:17looking for their altura on November 30th.

03:20вой꾸 bringen,

03:22which was angry for that reason

03:26in flight to Paris.

03:30Members of the Sturmabteilung essay appeared later in the day to continue

03:41leading the Institute. Four days later the Institute's remaining library and

03:47archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the open plots

03:52by members of essay alongside the students. A bronze bust of Hirschfeld

03:58taken from the Institute was placed on top of the bonfire. One estimate says

04:05that between 12,000 to 20,000 books and journals, an even larger number of images

04:12and sex subjects were destroyed. Another estimate says that about 25,000 books

04:18were destroyed. This included artistic works, rare medical and anthropological

04:24documents and charts concerning cases of intersexuality which were prepared for

04:30the International Medical Congress. Also seized were the Institute's extensive

04:36lists of names and addresses in the midst of the burning, Josef Goebbels gave a political

04:50speech to a crowd of around 40,000 people.

04:57uß Müller

04:59Schokolade

05:02õ

05:09Pra tattoo

05:14Und

05:17S

05:20the leaders of the deutsch studentenschaft proclaimed their own for your spooch fire

05:34decrees books burned at the open plots at this time were not solely looted from the institute

05:42also burned were books by jewish writers and pacifists that were removed from local public

05:48libraries bookshops in the humboldt university among the authors whose books student leaders

05:57burned that night were well-known socialists such as berthold brecht and august bebel the founder of

06:05the concept of communism karl marx critical bourgeois writers like the austrian playwright arthur schnitzler

06:13and quote corrupting foreign influences among them american author ernest hemingway the fires also

06:22consumed several writings of the 1929 nobel prize-winning german author thomas munn whose

06:28support of the weimar republic and critique of fascism raised nazi ire also burned were works

06:37of international best-selling author eric maria remark nazi ideologues vilified remark's unflinching

06:47description of war all quiet on the western front a literary betrayal of the soldiers of the world war

06:55works by early german literary critics of the nazi regime were also burned such as those as eric

07:02kostner other writers included on the black lists were american authors jack london theodore dreiser and

07:11helen keller whose belief in social justice encouraged her to champion the disabled pacifism improved

07:19conditions for industrial workers and women's voting rights jewish authors numbered among the writers whose

07:29works were burned among them some of the most famous contemporary writers of the day such as franz werfel

07:37max brode and stefan zweig also among those works burned were the writings of beloved 19th century german jewish

07:45poet heinrich hein who wrote in his 1820 to 1821 play all months or the famous admonition dort wo man

07:55booker webrant webrant webrant man on end oct mention where they burn books they will also ultimately

08:03burn people the bronze bust of herchfeld survived a street cleaner salvaged and stored it the day after

08:12the burnings and it was donated to the berlin academy of arts after world war ii that's great i love that

08:19reportedly also spared from the destruction were a large collection of psycho biological

08:25questionnaires pertaining to herchfeld's research of homosexuality the nazis were assured that these

08:32were simple medical histories however few of these have since been rediscovered

08:45a newspaper headline soon after the raids declared the quote un german spirit

08:52or undusen geist of the institute it was forced to shut down the nazis took control of the buildings for

09:01their own purposes the destruction of the institute preceded a wider campaign against sexual reform and

09:10contraception which were perceived as a threat to the german birth rate while many fled into exile the

09:18radical activist adolf brand made a stand in germany for five months after the book burnings but november

09:261933 he had given up gay activism on june 28 1934 hitler conducted a purge of gay men in the ranks of the

09:38sa wing of the nazis which included murdering them in the night of the long knives the finale of the night of the long

09:46nazis took place in a jail cell here ernst stream had been dragged sleeping off a drunken homosexual party

09:58was confronted by his former leader adolf hitler

10:04having refused a pistol to kill himself run was denied his final raging demand to have hitler assassinate him

10:11personally ss men firing point blank killed him in a merciless storm of bullets

10:18this was then followed by stricter laws on homosexuality and the roundup of gay men

10:26the address lists seized from the institute are believed to have aided hitler in these actions

10:33many tens of thousands of arrestees found themselves ultimately in slave labor or death camps

10:42these included some of the institute's staff such as august besinger

10:48this group of prisoners was typically required to wear a pink triangle badge sewn onto their camp

10:53uniforms these badges enabled ss guards to identify the alleged grounds for their incarceration

10:59the pink triangle called attention to this prisoner population as a distinct group within the concentration

11:05camp system according to many survivor accounts the pink triangle prisoners were among the most abused

11:10groups in the camps ss guards murdered homosexual prisoners out of cruelty or during sadistic games

11:18it is recorded that the ss used the pink triangles on the men's chests as targets to shoot out for

11:24practice carl geiss committed suicide in 1938 when the germans invaded czechoslovakia his heir lawyer carl fein was

11:35murdered in 1942 during deportation arthur kronfeld and felix abraham also committed suicide

11:43many survived by fleeing germany among them were burnt gotz ludwig lemmy lens bernard shapiro and max haddan

11:57a handful of staff for the institute stayed behind during nazi rule such as hans graz friedrich hopstein

12:04arthur roser and yvonne lausch even became nazi collaborators it is suspected that these may have been spies

12:13helen helling a tenant interceptionist became a nazi sympathizer following the raid and occupied the

12:21building for some time after it however the institute's buildings were a bombed out ruin

12:27by 1944 and were demolished sometime in the mid-1950s hirchfeld tried to re-establish his institute in paris

12:37as the institute francais de sensei sexology

12:44but dissolved it in 1934 after it failed to gain traction

12:48he moved to nice and died in france in 1935 he was buried at the cemetery orthodox de coquette

13:00the charter of the institute had specified that in the event of dissolution any assets of the dr

13:07magnus hirchfeld foundation which had sponsored the institute since 1924 were to be donated to the

13:13humboldt university of berlin herchfeld also wrote a personal will while in exile in paris leaving

13:21any remaining assets to his students and heirs karl geiss and li shu tong tao li for the continuation of his work

13:31however neither stipulation was carried out

13:37the west german courts found that the foundation's dissolution and the seizure of property by the nazis

13:43in 1934 was legal the west german legislature also retained the nazis amendments to paragraph 175

13:52making it impossible for surviving gay men to claim restitution for the destroyed cultural center

14:00li shu tong lived in switzerland in the united states until 1956 but as far as is known he did not attempt

14:08to continue hirchfeld's work some remaining fragments of data from the library were later collected by w

14:15door leg and one incorporated in the united states in the 1950s on the ground of the institute for sexual

14:24wissenschaft was built the house der culture in der welt a bar with the name magnus hirchfeld bar

14:31and a garden is named lily lb garden

14:44in 1973 a new institute for sexual wissenschaft was opened at the university of frankfurt and maine

14:52director volkmar sigus in 1996 at the humboldt university in berlin

15:00richter's fate after this attack was unknown for many years and she was presumed dead however in the

15:08march 1955 issue of american magazine one charlotte charlotte who fled germany to carlsbad in 1933

15:17wrote in a pseudonymized article about hirchfeld's trans patients that dora richter quote born in

15:24carlsbad bohemia soon became an owner of a small restaurant in the city of her birth furthermore in

15:32february 1934 richter applied for a legal name change granted by the president of czechoslovakia in april

15:401934 at this time her address was still listed in berlin from then on her legal name was dora rudolphin

15:49richter in the czech form dora rudolfa richterova

15:56according to a 1939 census records from prague's national archives richter was living in a house that

16:03she owned in her birthplace of razovna as of may 17 1939 was unmarried and earned her living as a

16:12homework lace maker her employer was listed as berta college who traded in bobbin lace as of 2024

16:21richter's whereabouts after 1939 and the cause and date of her death are still unknown

16:33the sun is breaking through we are coming out of the darkness into the light we are coming into a new

16:55world a kindlier world where men will rise above their hate their greed and brutality

17:04look up hannah the soul of man has been given wings and at last he is beginning to fly

17:11he is flying into the rainbow into the light of hope into the future the glorious future

17:19that belongs to you to me and to all of us look up hannah look up

17:33so

17:39so

(1933) The Raid on the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Part 2/2) | Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany

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