00:01In February 2025,
00:03scientists discovered something
00:05about the inside of our planet.
00:08We have long been thinking
00:09that the inner space of the Earth
00:10was a solid and stable space.
00:12But the reality could be different
00:15and a little bit different.
00:16A recent study suggests
00:18that the surface of the inner space
00:19could be in charge of
00:21structural transformations
00:22at this moment.
00:26The researchers of the University of California
00:28have analyzed several decades
00:30of seismic data
00:31and have discovered
00:32that the surface of the internal space
00:34seems to deform
00:35under the influence of the external space.
00:37It is the first time
00:38that we observe such changes
00:40and it could explain
00:41some of the most strange features
00:43of the rotation of the internal space.
00:46It could even be
00:47that this phenomenon
00:48influence the days of the Earth.
00:51The internal space of our planet,
00:53located around 5000 km
00:54under the surface,
00:55is traditionally described
00:57as a solid surface
00:58and nickel.
01:00However,
01:01the new data show
01:02that its exterior
01:03could be more malléable
01:04than we thought
01:05that we thought
01:06this discovery
01:07was made
01:08thanks to the analysis
01:09of the seismic
01:10from the repetitions
01:11of repetitions
01:12across the island of Sandwich
01:13in the south.
01:14The researchers
01:15have used
01:16the resolution techniques
01:17to improve
01:18these seismic signals
01:19and they have been able
01:20to observe
01:21the anomalies
01:22in the ondes
01:23which led them
01:24to a significant conclusion
01:25of the surface
01:26of the internal space.
01:27And these
01:28could be caused
01:29by violent interactions
01:30with the external space
01:31with the external space
01:32in fusion.
01:33The external space
01:34is also composed
01:35of copper and nickel
01:36but liquid
01:37is a very important role
01:38that generates
01:39the magnetic field
01:40magnetic field.
01:41Auparavant,
01:42we didn't really understand
01:43its impact
01:44on the internal space.
01:45But now,
01:46we think
01:47that the turbulence
01:48of the external space
01:49perturb the surface
01:50of the internal space
01:51of the internal space.
01:52And this could cause
01:53some changes
01:54in its shape.
01:55It is possible
01:56that these perturbations
01:57explain the progress
01:58of the rotation
01:59of the internal space
02:00of the rotation
02:01of the internal space.
02:02The scientists
02:03observe it since 2010.
02:04In the surface,
02:05we are not able
02:06to perceive these changes.
02:08But they could have
02:09an influence
02:10on the global rotation
02:11of the Earth
02:12as well as
02:13on the duration
02:14of the day.
02:15This important study
02:16can help us
02:17to better understand
02:18what is happening
02:19at the heart of our planet.
02:20How the internal space
02:21and external space
02:22interagis
02:23and how it affects
02:24the magnetic field
02:25and the movement
02:26of the Earth.
02:27Of course,
02:28the direct observation
02:29directs
02:30is impossible.
02:31That's why
02:32scientists use
02:33the indirect methods
02:34like the analysis
02:35of the seismic
02:36analysis.
02:37Thanks to these methods,
02:38we are able to
02:39deduce the structure
02:40and the composition
02:41of the way.
02:42As long as they
02:43traverse the different couches,
02:44they are deviated
02:45or freined.
02:46And this gives us
02:47indices on the nature
02:48of the earth.
02:50We also do
02:51experiments in laboratory.
02:52There,
02:53researchers
02:54reproduisent
02:55the pressures
02:56and extreme temperatures
02:57that we find
02:58in the noyau
02:59to study the behavior
03:00of the fer-nickels.
03:01They use
03:02sophisticated instruments
03:03such as
03:04the cellules
03:05of the diamond.
03:06They allow them
03:07to study these extreme conditions.
03:08Then,
03:09there is the study
03:10of the meteorites.
03:11The fact is
03:12that some of them
03:13come from
03:14asteroids
03:15have a similar
03:16to the Earth.
03:17Their composition
03:18chemical
03:19gives us
03:20some of the elements
03:21present in the
03:22depths of the Earth.
03:23The scientists
03:24also create
03:25models
03:26numeric models.
03:27In combination
03:28seismic,
03:29experimental
03:30and geochimic,
03:31they are able
03:32to simulate
03:33the internal dynamics
03:34of the Earth.
03:36But
03:37what would happen
03:38if the Earth
03:39suddenly
03:40would turn?
03:41We don't know
03:42anything,
03:43but we can do
03:44if only
03:45the internal
03:46solide
03:47would stop
03:48the answer
03:49is
03:50not
03:51anything.
03:52If it
03:53does not
03:54only
03:55its movement,
03:56the speed of
03:57rotation
03:58of the Earth
03:59will be
04:00the main consequences.
04:01Our days
04:02would become more long.
04:03With the time,
04:04it could
04:05reduce the magnetic
04:06of the planet.
04:07Which would be a bad
04:08news,
04:09but not as
04:10catastrophic
04:11if it was
04:12the external
04:13network
04:14that would turn.
04:15There,
04:16things become really serious.
04:17Without the rotation
04:18of the external network,
04:19the Earth would lose
04:20completely
04:21its magnetic field
04:22and the loss of this
04:23connector
04:24would cause a reaction
04:25in a disaster.
04:26First of all,
04:27the tectonic
04:28would start to enter
04:29in collision
04:30in a chaotic way.
04:31Imagine you
04:32in a bus
04:33at the moment
04:34when the conductor
04:35frees brusquement.
04:36You are projected
04:37against the other
04:38passengers
04:39or on the ground.
04:40but with the
04:41tectonic plates.
04:42These violent collisions
04:43would cause huge
04:44tremblements
04:45of Earth
04:46everywhere
04:47where the plates are
04:48destroyed,
04:49buildings,
04:50roads,
04:51and routes.
04:52The systems
04:53distribution
04:54and electricity
04:55would be destroyed
04:56immediately.
04:57And this would be the beginning
04:58that...
04:59Without the magnetic field,
05:01the cosmic radiation
05:02would start to hit
05:03the surface of the Earth.
05:04These particles
05:05at high energy
05:06from the Earth
05:07from the Earth
05:08with the oxygen
05:09and the azote
05:10of our atmosphere,
05:11damaging the ozone layer.
05:13And even more radiation
05:14would reach the surface
05:15of the Earth
05:16causing enormous damage.
05:17All electronics
05:19would fall
05:20in a pan,
05:21the electric networks
05:22would fall
05:23and the communication systems
05:24would be cut.
05:25But the consequences
05:27would not only be
05:28human beings.
05:29All forms of life
05:30would be in danger.
05:31Of course,
05:32many animals
05:33like the migrate
05:34and the tortoise
05:35s'orient
05:36thanks to the Earth
05:37magnetic field.
05:38Without him,
05:39they would be completely
05:40lost.
05:41They would never find
05:42their path
05:43and the tortoise
05:44would be incapable
05:45of knowing
05:46where they are
05:47where they are
05:48in their fields.
05:49Unfortunately,
05:50we have no worries
05:51to have for the moment.
05:52It is very little
05:53probable
05:54that the external
05:55of the Earth
05:56will never stop
05:57from us
05:58so we are
05:59in security
06:00from this side.
06:01But to really
06:02understand the Earth
06:03we need to go
06:04to 6 440 km
06:05below the surface.
06:07Our planet
06:08has four couches
06:09principales
06:10from the center
06:12to the surface
06:13the noyau
06:14interne
06:15the noyau
06:16externe
06:17the manteau
06:18and the croûte.
06:19Except for the croûte
06:20no one has ever
06:21explored these couches
06:22more deep
06:23in person.
06:24We have managed
06:25to be able to
06:26a large depth
06:27of 12 km
06:28and that took us
06:2920 years.
06:31At the center
06:32even of the Earth
06:33is the internal
06:34one metal
06:35solid
06:36of about 1220 km
06:37of rayons
06:38so about
06:39three quarters
06:40of the size
06:41of the Moon.
06:42It is between
06:436400 and 5200 km
06:44below the surface.
06:47Composed mainly
06:48of fer
06:49and nickel
06:50this noyau
06:51is incredibly dense.
06:52It turns
06:53a bit slower
06:54than the rest
06:55and is extremely
06:56hot
06:57atteignant
06:58a temperature
06:59of 5400 degrees
07:00Celsius
07:01like at the surface
07:02of the Sun.
07:03The pressure
07:04is more than
07:05three millions
07:06times higher
07:07than the pressure
07:08that we feel
07:09at the surface.
07:10Some research
07:11suggest even
07:12that there could be
07:13even more
07:14more small
07:15and more dense
07:16inside the interne
07:17and it would be
07:18mainly made
07:19of fer.
07:20The external
07:21is also
07:22composed of fer
07:23and nickel
07:24liquid.
07:25It is between
07:265200 and
07:271000 km
07:28below the surface.
07:29It is mainly
07:30the disintegration
07:31radioactive
07:32of elements
07:33like uranium
07:34and thorium
07:35which cause
07:36a brassage
07:37of liquid,
07:38massive
07:39and turbulent
07:40electricity
07:41which created
07:42さ
07:56an
07:57The manteau is the deepest surface surface of the earth,
07:59with almost 3000 km of depth.
08:02It begins at about 30 km below the surface.
08:07Composé of fer, magnesium and silicium,
08:10it is dense, hot and semi-solid.
08:13Imagine, think of caramel mous.
08:16Like the external noyau, the manteau also circulates,
08:19but it moves much more slowly.
08:22Plus près de la bordure supérieure du manteau,
08:25entre 100 et 200 km sous terre,
08:28la chaleur est si intense qu'elle fait fondre la roche.
08:31Il en résulte une couche partiellement fondue,
08:34que l'on appelle l'asténosphère.
08:36Les géologues pensent que cette couche molle, chaude et glissante
08:40est ce qui permet aux plaques tectoniques de la terre de se déplacer.
08:44Certains des diamants que nous trouvons sur terre proviennent du manteau.
08:48La plupart d'entre eux se forment à des profondeurs supérieures à 200 km.
08:53Mais des diamants super profonds, beaucoup plus rares,
08:57peuvent se former à une profondeur de 700 km.
09:01C'est la kimberlite, une roche volcanique riche en magnésium,
09:06qui ramène ces diamants à la surface.
09:08La partie la plus externe du manteau, plus froide et plus rigide,
09:12se comporte davantage comme la croûte qui la recouvre.
09:15Ensemble, ces deux couches forment la lithosphère.
09:18Quant à la croûte elle-même, c'est la couche la plus externe de la Terre.
09:21Elle fait environ 40 km de profondeur
09:23et ne constitue qu'un pour cent de la masse de notre planète.
09:26Et pourtant, elle abrite toute la vie connue dans l'univers.
09:30C'est un peu plus grand vu de l'univers.
09:32C'est un peu plus grand vu de l'univers.
09:34Mais je rencontre ces deux철ées,
09:36qu'ils se frentaient les plus grands dont on a pas vu dans l'université,
09:38mais je me disait,
09:39mais je l'en suis-en.
09:40Même si je prends la croûte,
09:42mais je suis connu sur le domaine,
09:44il faut que tu lois dans l'université.
09:46Les deux soupes,
09:47je suis condensée,
09:48on a des ét門 des premiers.
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