Episode 9 of Cosmos: Possible Worlds is titled "A Tale of Two Atoms" and explores the discoveries of quantum mechanics and the technology that has followed.
Episode details
1. The episode tells the story of two atoms from different parts of the universe that meet on a small planet.
2. It also explores how a deadly embrace between science and state altered the fate of the world.
3. The episode is based on a story by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan, and Steven Soter.
4. It was written by Ann Druyan and Brannon Braga.
Episode themes
1. The episode explores the discoveries of quantum mechanics and the technology that has followed.
2. It explores how an unseen observer can alter the nature of reality.
3. It explores how the discoveries of quantum mechanics have led to a technological revolution.
Thanks for watching. Follow for more videos.
#cosmosspacescience
#cosmospossibleworlds
#season1
#episode9
#cosmology
#astronomy
#spacetime
#spacescience
#space
#nasa
#spacedocumentary
#darkmatter
#twinstarstars
#aliensolarsystem
#TheCosmicConnection
#cosmos
#neildegrassetyson
#Themanofmillionstars
#neildegrassetyson
#taleoftwoatoms
#structureofatom
Episode details
1. The episode tells the story of two atoms from different parts of the universe that meet on a small planet.
2. It also explores how a deadly embrace between science and state altered the fate of the world.
3. The episode is based on a story by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan, and Steven Soter.
4. It was written by Ann Druyan and Brannon Braga.
Episode themes
1. The episode explores the discoveries of quantum mechanics and the technology that has followed.
2. It explores how an unseen observer can alter the nature of reality.
3. It explores how the discoveries of quantum mechanics have led to a technological revolution.
Thanks for watching. Follow for more videos.
#cosmosspacescience
#cosmospossibleworlds
#season1
#episode9
#cosmology
#astronomy
#spacetime
#spacescience
#space
#nasa
#spacedocumentary
#darkmatter
#twinstarstars
#aliensolarsystem
#TheCosmicConnection
#cosmos
#neildegrassetyson
#Themanofmillionstars
#neildegrassetyson
#taleoftwoatoms
#structureofatom
Category
📚
LearningTranscript
00:08Who knows how big our universe is and how many contradictory things are there in it.
00:14We live by a thought
00:24But there's more to the thought
00:36Sometimes a curious seeker reaches the threshold of some such thought.
00:45One such explorer encountered a reality that we cannot believe could happen.
00:54could
01:01We can say that the universe has never been the same.
01:11Do it
01:22Jhal Jhal
02:01Jhal Jhal
02:36Nature reveals its deepest secrets in light
02:41The light coming from our stars gives life to all living things in the world.
02:46Plants make sugar using light.
02:48We measure the universe and it is light that creates diamonds in the fabric of space and time.
02:54is rooted
02:55The light that is trapped means black holes
02:58Due to lack of light there, postal matter and postal energy cannot be detected.
03:04The sight of light is often associated with religion.
03:08But the inner warriors are most passionate about it.
03:12And as soon as they began to study the light, the light challenged many of them.
03:35Take Isaac Newton, for example.
03:44He was so desperate to understand light and colours that he was even willing to poke a needle into his eyes.
03:50were ready
03:51I am telling the truth
03:56Newton was probably around twenty-five at the time.
03:59But he had already laid the foundation of a new branch of mathematics.
04:03The name was Calculus.
04:05He was conducting experiments that showed him that color was an aspect of light.
04:11Newton wanted to find out which of the things we see are part of light.
04:16And what do our nerves give birth to?
04:19Is color hidden within light or in our eyes?
04:23He was so anxious to find out that he took a needle named Bottin and put it in his eye.
04:29Gave
04:42Newton noted that despite conducting the experiment with his eyes closed in a well-lit room,
04:49Some light passes through the eye shutters, i.e. our eyelids.
04:53And he could see a big, blue circle.
04:56Compared to the pain, this result seemed insignificant.
05:00But with such simple experiments that can be done at home
05:04Isaac Newton became the first person to explain the force of light.
05:08And also those who explain how white light hides many colours within itself.
05:13Newton studied things in depth.
05:17She looked ordinary to ordinary people.
05:19Like an apple falling, rays of light coming from the light, etc.
05:25Newton's specialty was that he thought about ordinary things, why they happened and how they happened.
05:30Happened
05:32Newton had a question in his mind: what is light made of?
05:36What would happen if light could be broken into very small particles?
05:41Newton observed that light travels in straight lines.
05:44Otherwise, how would the ends of the shadows be seen?
05:47Or why are the rays of the sun coming down through a cloud straight?
05:52Or why is it completely dark during sunrise?
06:01Due to all these things, Newton started feeling that there must be a stream of particles in light.
06:07They called them copseals.
06:09According to him, any ray of light is like those bullets
06:14which directly attacks the retina of the eye
06:22But there was such a man in Holland.
06:25Which was very much in agreement with Newton's particle theory of light.
06:29Christian Hoigans also
06:30Like Isaac Newton, he was a very curious man.
06:33And if it's about changing the world
06:35So he did not show any affection at all.
06:38Despite battling depression all his life
06:41He did a lot of things
06:45He designed and built his own telescope.
06:49and through it they discovered Saturn's moon, Titan.
07:08Huygens invented the pendulum clock
07:11He coined those mathematical formulas
07:14which were required to make a pendulum of the shape
07:17And through which the hands of the clock show the correct time.
07:23Huygens sketched a prototype of a new machine
07:27He had high hopes for this machine.
07:29He named it Magic Lantern.
07:33Some one hundred years later, this device emerged as a working motion picture projector.
07:38But by the 17th century, Hoggins had come up with the idea for a movie.
07:42who was influenced by his own life of despair
08:06Like Newton, Huygens also invented a new branch of mathematics.
08:11This was probability theory and the outcome could be predicted based on it.
08:18That is, it could be predicted whether heads or tails would come.
08:27And Christian Huygens also had his own theory of light, but it was very different.
08:33According to him, light does not have ears like bullets moving in a straight line.
08:38Rather, to Huygens, light appeared to be a wave spreading all around.
08:43By that time it had been discovered that sound travels like a wave.
09:12Like sound, light also spreads around in the form of waves.
09:42So which of these two was correct, a beam of light or a wave?
09:48The answer to this question was going to be quite complicated.
09:52Then came Thomas Yank.
09:57He solved the puzzle of light.
09:59And also revealed the secret of that fabric of the cosmos
10:03which makes us want to go
10:07Let us turn to a great mystery in the history of science.
10:13This is the story of a man who could do anything.
10:18And this was Thomas Young.
10:20For hundreds of years, no one could decipher the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
10:26By identifying the six main sounds present in these pictograms
10:30He was able to solve the mystery of the six symbols.
10:34And this allowed others to translate the full text of the ancient Egyptian language.
10:41He was the first to create a genealogy of Indo-European languages.
10:46The doctor identified a deformity in the shape of the eye.
10:52And it was named astigmatism.
10:59But physics reached this stage only because of an experiment designed by Young.
11:04This looks easy doesn't it?
11:07How could three pieces of cardboard start such a big problem?
11:12Only green light can pass through the green shade of such glass
11:17So only one color or one frequency of light will pass through the slits.
11:22Why was this important? Because they felt that multiple colors overlapping each other would result in similar effects.
11:30light waves will form
11:31which was conceived by Hodges and called interference pattern
11:36He passed light of the same colour through two different slits to find out the colour of the cartridge.
11:43What kind of light will be reflected on the piece?
11:45If light were a particle, two separate bodies of light would be visible on the opposite wall.
11:51where the individual particles of light were reaching after passing through the slits
11:56But it did not happen
12:01Rather, a completely different pattern was seen.
12:07when two waves overlap or intersect with each other
12:13So this pattern is formed
12:15That's why they are called interference patterns.
12:18In this way Young demonstrated that light is a wave.
12:22That means Newton, the greatest scholar in the history of science, was half wrong.
12:28That is, light was not a particle as he had said.
12:36In front of science, the plans of even the greatest people fall apart like a pack of cards.
12:41Only nature succeeds in solving its puzzles.
12:44There is so much hidden in nature's treasure.
12:47If someone claims to have known everything about nature, he is just a fool.
12:52Is
12:52Newton overlooked a fundamental point.
12:55Were you surprised to hear that?
12:57But we haven't even gotten to the most disturbing part yet.
13:10It took a hundred years to get to the bottom of Thomas Young's story
13:15And this was no easy task.
13:18Only at the end of the nineteenth century did science make such important discoveries.
13:22Through which the door to a hidden universe could be found
13:26This kingdom was a kingdom of deep secrets
13:30Listen to the surprise this explorer experienced in his own words.
13:34Can anything at first glance appear more unwieldy than a body like this?
13:42so small that its mass is a very small fraction of the mass of a hydrogen atom
13:52A group of such atoms would be equal to the entire world's population.
13:58Yet it must have been so far away that it could not be detected through any means known to science.
14:09could go
14:09This group of sound-rich waves dates back about a hundred years.
14:16and is engaged to JJ Thomson
14:19The cathode ray experiment he performed
14:22He's remembering the electrons that were in it.
14:26He heated a metal electrode until electrons were emitted.
14:30Then came the second one, and then the third one.
14:38An elementary particle of atom was observed for the first time.
14:44Science had begun to dig into nature's treasures.
14:46who kept his secrets very secret
14:49And then things started to get weird.
14:51If the highest unit atom of matter
14:55There are other sharp components like electrons
14:58So would the same thing prove true about light also?
15:01Scientists' interest in light remained unabated.
15:05So they found ways to isolate its peak and peak units.
15:09And it was as if this had become a path to cross the mirror.
15:14It was like stepping into a realm of
15:17where our laws of physics don't apply
15:21This was the first time they had been able to isolate the smallest units of light, a single photon.
15:27found
15:30And he was able to take Young's double slit experiment to a whole new level.
15:35And they found the exact path of it through the right slit or the left slit
15:41Now we will turn to the side of the road to see which slit the photon will pass through to reach the farther slit.
15:49reaches the wall
15:52From the right slit or from the left slit, this is the right slit and this is the left slit, we have to do these all day long
15:58Random patterns will appear, with half passing from the right and half from the left.
16:07wait a second
16:09Why are these waves not visible?
16:11Where is Young's interference pattern?
16:17And this is where the strange thing begins.
16:20I can't tell you what you're about to see.
16:23Because no one on Pritvi has understood it yet
16:27If you can't stand it
16:29So you won't be happy with what comes next.
16:32Everything we've ever tried on the smallest scale
16:36As the Quantum Universe undergoes a major change in reality just by looking at it
16:43So this time we won't look at incoming photons.
16:50You won't believe it, but we'll see Patton on the far wall.
16:54You can change it just by noticing which slit the photons went through.
16:58It sounds strange, but in all the trials conducted till date
17:02The result depended on whether the experiment was observed or not.
17:24We haven't seen interferance patterns before, and this isn't because we cut light into single photons.
17:30had happened
17:30Rather, the reason was that we were looking at which slit the photons were passing through.
17:36But how does a photon know that someone is watching it?
17:41Photons have no eyes and no brain.
17:44So how does he know someone is watching him?
17:47Now we can imagine that photon is such a tiny thing that it is impossible for anyone to see it without machines.
17:54It may not be possible at present
17:56This machinery manipulates the delicate photons
18:00It changes it, but it doesn't know why the photons then behave like a pattern.
18:06We see them, otherwise they are like waves.
18:08If light is a particle, it should not form any wave pattern.
18:12Whether we see it or not
18:15and how individual photons recognize their positions
18:19Due to which they are successful in creating interference patterns of waves as a group.
18:24So we can say that this is a strange question related to quantum physics.
18:31Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens were both right and wrong
18:36Light is both a wave and a particle and neither
18:43Unless we look carefully
18:46The photon remains in a state of uncertainty due to the laws of probability.
18:51And when we look at it, it completely changes.
18:58Without Christian Huygens we would be lost in the quantum universe
19:02Even today, his probability theory provides the only way to understand quantum reality.
19:10Every particle is at the mercy of random chance and varying probability
19:14Thinking about it is like looking at an optical illusion.
19:18You only see it for a moment, then it disappears into something else.
19:29There is a region in the quantum universe where the rules of our world are replaced by those rules.
19:36which are applicable on a very small scale
19:39These are different from the experiences we have every day.
19:42How can you imagine a world that is different from ours?
19:46This is not easy
19:49So I want to take you to a place where such a jump is not possible.
19:53But it is also necessary
19:55This world is just like our world, there is only one difference in it, there is only one shortcoming in it and that is
20:13of the special dimension, the third dimension,
20:19To stand in the continuum cosmos, we have to imagine another dimension, and that's very difficult, you know?
20:27It's probably impossible to imagine a world that doesn't have one of the three dimensions that we have in our world,
20:33There are only two dimensions in this world.
20:37This world was first imagined
20:40by Edwin Abbott
20:41Everyone, everything here
20:44And every familiar object is flat
20:48Their house is a flat
20:49some of which are square
20:51Some triangles are
20:53So some have more complex shapes.
20:56like octagon
20:57But these are all completely flat.
21:00When these people leave their flats
21:03So we travel on foot or in small vehicles.
21:05And they are busy with their flat lives.
21:08Everything in this world has width and length.
21:11But not the height
21:15the people living in this world
21:17familiar from front to back
21:19But they have no knowledge of the ups and downs.
21:23Just a small group of mathematicians
21:26who imagines beyond
21:32Mathematicians imagine the world in three dimensions
21:35But mostly for flat worlders
21:37It's very hard to think about it
21:39The mathematician says
21:40Look, it's very easy
21:43We all know about left, right, front and back.
21:46So let's go beyond these two.
21:47Let's also think about another dimension at right angles
21:51But flat worlders have an answer.
21:53What are you saying
21:55About the right limbs of the other two
21:57How can this be possible
21:59Everyone knows that there can only be two dimensions.
22:01Well, you guys tell us about the third dimension.
22:05where
22:05So the mathematician creates a picture.
22:15Poor teacher
22:16No one listens to mathematicians.
22:24Every creature in the flat world
22:26Sees his teammates as short lines
22:30which is the closest side of their long bodies
22:33But the inside of a flat worlder is always shrouded in mystery.
22:38Unless it is opened by someone's hand or during post mortem
22:42And then one day we came
22:49Hello
22:51How are you
22:54I came here from the third dimension
22:58Hello
23:00I'm sorry about that
23:02It feels like whatever I
23:04I am saying that it is coming out of its flat body.
23:07Strange noises coming from inside it
23:09This is because no one can come from above.
23:12There is nothing above this world
23:14a three-dimensional being like me
23:16Can only live in a flat world
23:19where my feet touch the ground
23:25sorry friend
23:27This will be very strange for you
23:29But don't be afraid
23:31I will take you to a safe residence
23:36will not harm you
23:38But now you are better than your world
23:41You will have a completely new experience
23:43Initially, this flat world will not be understood.
23:47that what is happening
23:47Because it has never experienced anything like this before.
23:51But then it will make sense
23:53that he is seeing a completely new view of the flat world
23:56from above
23:57Now he can see into closed rooms
24:00Can see inside his flat mates
24:03of its two-dimensional world
24:05The three-dimensional view is bothering him.
24:09Access to another dimension has an advantage
24:12that it provides a kind of X-ray vision
24:15Just like houses in the flat world have no roof
24:18Similarly, there is no sky for those who live in it.
24:21Because the sky exists only in the second dimension.
24:24This crow has been to jail
24:27So put it down now
24:30The wife of this flat world must have thought that he was injured.
24:34And then suddenly it came back
24:37She will be surprised
25:02We live in a three-dimensional world.
25:05And it is easier to imagine a smaller dimension of the sphere.
25:08A zero-dimensional sphere would be just a dot.
25:11Which will have no dimensions
25:15In a one-dimensional problem, everything will be like a line.
25:20So there will be a two dimension Prahman flat world.
25:26And in 3D we live the same way
25:33We can laugh at the existence of two-dimensional creatures
25:36Those who have no idea about the three-dimensional world
25:39But if we talk about continuum reality
25:42So these deficiencies seem like our problems.
25:47The best we can do for now
25:49That is, consider this 3D cube as a 4D cube
25:55We live in a flat world.
25:58As 19th-century author Edwin Abbott tried to do in his book Flat Lad
26:09This is a very rare incident
26:12When a sniffer is present at the hole in the veil that hides the Matrix
26:19It was only after Isaac Newton that we began to understand the motion of the universe.
26:25The diversity of fauna always amazed us.
26:29But Charles Dawin discovered how time and environment changed the course of life, from the first living cell to
26:36Shaped these forms until we
26:39until Albert Einstein told us
26:43We had no idea that the Quantum Universe even existed.
26:46The mysterious laws of this strange and poor cosmos troubled him greatly.
26:52And we still don't understand them.
26:56At its center was a phenomenon that seemed to defy the law of the speed of light.
27:02It can be called the backbone of modern physics and reality.
27:09A quantum packet of light, this blue photon, will split into two parts.
27:14Its energy will split and emerge as a pair of blue photons.
27:20These new red photons are deeply interconnected
27:24Or according to quantum physics it is entangled
27:30And no matter how far they move from each other in space and time
27:34The relationship between them will remain intact.
27:38This is similar to Plato's ancient Greek treatise on love.
27:42Someone splits into two and becomes separate.
27:46For the rest of their existence, the two remained separate.
27:49But they remain each other's constant companions.
27:53They have a deep connection with their partner's personal life.
27:57Unless the universe separates them.
27:59If you look at the rotation of one of the photos
28:03Then you will also know about his partner's twists.
28:05There's nothing particularly special about these photo zones.
28:09As far as we know, these are nothing more than rules.
28:13By the way, this kind of long-distance relationship has existed throughout the history of the universe.
28:23Two photons were born in the early universe, fourteen billion years ago.
28:29They separated and went in opposite directions.
28:31Of course, they are billions of light years away from each other.
28:36But despite such a vast difference in time and space, the bond between them still exists.
28:43What is it like to have a photon, electron, or any other elementary particle?
28:47That once they are connected, their relationship never ends.
28:52And I find one more thing strange.
28:55That all it takes to break this amazing promise is to measure up
29:00I just need to measure the rotation of one of these.
29:04How is it that a third party minor works
29:09May their deep and old relationship be broken forever.
29:23This is the other half of our cosmic abyss.
29:27At this very moment, somewhere billions of light years away from us
29:31Also suddenly feeling something that is different
29:36And the relationship between these two ends forever.
29:42Now they are not entangled with each other.
29:46Just by looking at one of these, the relationship between these two ended.
29:52existed since the beginning of time
29:54But how can this happen? And that's not the only strange thing about this.
29:59How does a photon far away from its partner send a message to the universe about their separation?
30:06sent
30:06And the second photon also got that photon
30:09This means that if the speed of the message is faster than the speed of light then this can happen.
30:16Is
30:20These are two of the biggest questions in science that remain unanswered.
30:25You don't need to be so bothered by them.
30:28These questions troubled a great personality like Einstein throughout his life.
30:33For a scientist, nothing can be more frustrating than a contradiction.
30:38Even light, the fastest thing, has a cosmic speed limit.
30:42Then it would be impossible for a single photon to instantly send a message over such a long distance.
30:49Einstein thought it might be difficult to live in such a universe.
30:53Where was it possible to have such a scary auction so far away
31:08Do you remember those particles from the double slit experiment?
31:11Those who were choosing the left or right slit
31:14That choice was actually just a random chance
31:17But even random chance has to follow some rules.
31:21This is the basis of Huygens' probability theory.
31:24and calculating odds associated with flipping a coin or throwing a die
31:29When Einstein tried to solve the problem of interconnected photons
31:33probability there used so he got worried
31:36If the speed of these photons was faster than the speed of light
31:39Then this universe and this entire creation will be something like this
31:44Where no one would have any problem in breaking the laws of nature
31:47So Albert Einstein started thinking that the dice were loaded like this
31:52What we have not yet been able to understand
31:56We've been through here before
31:59Our ancestors were familiar with fire more than a million years ago.
32:04They didn't know what fire was.
32:07But they used it to build a civilization.
32:11The same thing happened with quantum physics.
32:13We didn't need to understand it to reap its many practical benefits.
32:18Whether the benefits are scientific or technological
32:20Our ancestors used fire without understanding how it worked.
32:25We've lived with this habit for decades.
32:29We have gone far beyond the realm of classical physics.
32:33where the elementary particles that make up everything, including us, react to those things
32:39They probably don't even know
32:40So we can say that in this uncontrollable casino of the Contum Universe
32:46There is no such thing as objective reality
32:52And you and I are heading there.
33:01We are made of atoms
33:03There's a strange continuum universe inside us.
33:07Which is drawn by the undiscovered moon
33:10They amaze every aspect of life and experience with their magic.
33:15What is this?
33:18Sounds of stars or something else?
33:21We are sending you an image made of light.
33:25And it's reaching your retina right now.
33:28The cells in your retina are changing chemically right now.
33:32because we're stimulating some of them with photons
33:36Your retina stores these changes for a fraction of a second.
33:41Now it's erasing old photons to store the next photons
33:46Your retina won't be able to see all of this.
33:49It picks up only a very small fraction of the photons you see.
33:53It's hard to tell which cells in your retina will capture a particular photon.
33:59That means even in the case of something as important as sight, we only make guesses.
34:06Now we're shooting more photos at you
34:10Their number would be around five lakh.
34:13What you are seeing is the power of a planet orbiting another star.
34:18To be sure, we need more such photons.
34:22Maybe a million or more
34:25When we send millions of these photons towards you
34:29Only then will you understand the reality
34:32Estimates turn into probabilities over time
34:35And then possibilities turn into certainties.
34:38But is there such a thing as certainty or certainty?
34:42If our view is even, everything is based on equanimity
34:46So can there be any certainty?
34:51what in the quantum universe
34:53There is hope to preserve our classical idea of ​​reality or certainty.
34:59Scientists have found a way to maintain our ultimate understanding of cause and effect.
35:04This is called the many worlds hypothesis
35:07This is false because it cannot be tested through science.
35:10But the downside is that whatever possibility there is, it could be in some parallel universe where we exist.
35:20can't go
35:21These realities can be any number and we can see them anywhere.
35:28Whatever potential there is, it can exist in some oceanic cosmos.
35:42Or is it that empathy is just a matter of reality, and it is some big mistake on our part?
35:49This is possible provided we live in a universe in which everything existed at the beginning of time.
35:55has been resolved from
35:57And this is called super determinism.
36:15In a super deterministic universe, even big things are very small.
36:21For example, the asteroid that wiped out dinosaurs killed a particular bee that pollinated this particular flower.
36:28And you listening to me like this at this time
36:31All these things were decided at the very beginning of the universe when the shape of this universe was being formed.
36:38was as small as a pull
36:45Super determinism has another advantage.
36:48This could unravel the mystery of entanglement.
36:52How entangled particles transmit messages across vast distances, traveling at speeds exceeding the speed of light
36:59Well, in some super deterministic cosmos
37:03Entangled partners to change their turns
37:06There is no need to hear each other's voices.
37:10God has created them to do this at a precise time.
37:15Well, the same can be said about that intruder.
37:18who broke their relationship by measuring one of them
37:26Just list other such incidents.
37:34The universe was formed in the very first moment of its existence.
37:38Everything in our universe is made up of these elementary particles.
37:43Together, the rules governing the quantum universe apply to us humans as well.
37:50So whatever happens will happen accordingly.
37:54And this cycle will continue like this
38:03The good news is that in super determinism we find the solution to the first problem of entanglement.
38:08But the bad news is that it takes away the action.
38:13Are we acting out characters in a play written nearly 14 billion years ago?
38:19And at the same time we are also telling ourselves how much wisdom we showed during this time.
38:23How selfish we have become and how brave we are.
38:26By the way, can you change even a small thing about yourself?
38:31A universe where we can't do anything freely
38:34that we're not just deterministic robots in that universe
38:57We have found a way to manage uncertain situations.
39:01Developed technologies that seemed impossible
39:04Now we've created a quantum clock and we'll never have to key it again.
39:09In the next fifteen billion years, it will only change by one second.
39:23A three-dimensional lattice of laser light keeps atoms of electrons suspended in space.
39:32We may be closer to a collection of pre-programmed robots in a deterministic universe
39:39But I say let's change our way of living.
39:43And it's true that we have no way of knowing this.
39:48So, to some extent, our freedom to explore the Quantum Realm begins with Thomas Young.
39:56You may recall that Young also discovered the key to deciphering the lost language of the ancient Egyptians.
40:03Was
40:08Through quantum encryption, we are creating codes that will erase any moment that someone can see.
40:15Trying to hack
40:16The key to the code can be read by entangled photons
40:20Through the observer effect, we will ensure that no spy can understand the message without breaking the entanglement.
40:28And then the message will not be readable.
40:32We still don't know how a photon can be both a particle and a wave at the same time.
40:38What I like about science is that it conditions us to tolerate ambiguity.
40:45It requires us to be humble about our ignorance.
40:49Don't make any decisions until you have proof.
40:52But whatever we choose to do about discovering and deciphering the new language of reality
40:59It will not make us sick by using it.
41:05We are all flat worlds in this vast cosmos
41:11And science is a struggle to find what's above.
41:32Platt is worlds
Comments