Episode highlights
1. The cosmic calendar: Illustrates the vastness of space and time, and humanity's brief place in it
2. Blombos Cave: Shows how Homo sapiens first expressed themselves with art
3. 17th century Holland: Explores the freedom of thought and exchange of ideas between the old and new worlds
4. Evolution of plants and insects: Shows how bees and plants work together to benefit each other and humans
5. The Ship of Imagination: Travels to Venus to explore the history of global warming and climate change
6. The future: Contemplates what lies ahead, with a hopeful vision for the future of Earth.
Thanks for Watching. Follow for more videos.
#cosmosspacescience
#cosmospossibleworlds
#season1
#episode1
#cosmology
#astronomy
#spacetime
#spacescience
#space
#nasa
#spacedocumentary
#bigbang
#galaxycreation
#firstcell
1. The cosmic calendar: Illustrates the vastness of space and time, and humanity's brief place in it
2. Blombos Cave: Shows how Homo sapiens first expressed themselves with art
3. 17th century Holland: Explores the freedom of thought and exchange of ideas between the old and new worlds
4. Evolution of plants and insects: Shows how bees and plants work together to benefit each other and humans
5. The Ship of Imagination: Travels to Venus to explore the history of global warming and climate change
6. The future: Contemplates what lies ahead, with a hopeful vision for the future of Earth.
Thanks for Watching. Follow for more videos.
#cosmosspacescience
#cosmospossibleworlds
#season1
#episode1
#cosmology
#astronomy
#spacetime
#spacescience
#space
#nasa
#spacedocumentary
#bigbang
#galaxycreation
#firstcell
Category
📚
LearningTranscript
00:26wandered in search of food
00:36Falling into the boundaries of all sides
00:39We lived in the realms of earth, ocean and sky
00:49But it is our old habit to move ahead by breaking the boundaries.
00:56Despite thousands of failures, difficulties and mistakes
01:02We humans have the courage to do great things.
01:10Where will our nomadic people be a hundred years from now?
01:16And where will we be a thousand years from now?
01:46On this small part of Prahamana
01:48Welcome once again
01:50Even after knowing so much about our Brahman, we still don't know anything.
01:55It is possible that there are many other worlds around us.
02:00So today we will learn about one such underground world wide network.
02:04that no one knew about
02:07I will tell you the true story of my first contact.
02:13We'll meet some of the world's most sassy people.
02:17Together we will step into a future that can truly happen.
02:21And perhaps we may find the homes of our distant descendants among those stars.
02:27This is possible because of science.
02:30But without imagination, we won't get anywhere.
02:35Only two engines propel the craft of all our imaginations
02:39Doubt and hope, the laws of science that guide this place, make it incredibly powerful.
02:49Trying out new ideas in different ways and moving forward with the ones that work.
02:56Rejecting what doesn't make sense, following clues, and questioning everything.
03:03If we follow these rules then this entire universe will be yours, so come with me
03:29It must have happened
03:57Jhal Jhal
04:39The vehicle of our imagination
04:41Space and time can take us anywhere.
04:46The universe is outside our front window.
04:49If you want to travel back in time, take a look below.
05:05And if you want to see the future, look up.
05:21And on this journey we will go to a very distant sky
05:27We will also learn how we became so interested in the universe.
05:34There it was, NASA's Voyager 1.
05:37The one launched in 1977 is the farthest thing ever made by humans.
05:44He's moved further away since we last met.
05:47And it has covered approximately two and a half lakh crore kilometers.
05:51And Voyager is reaching out to other parts of our galaxy
05:55But our destination is much further than that.
05:58The ocean of the universe is made of space and time
06:01And to learn about space, you will have to travel through time.
06:05Our journey will take us far from home.
06:08A little beyond one trillion light years
06:11Also, we will go back one crore years in the past and see a horrific incident that changed the course of time.
06:19had ruined the move
06:29Now we are nearing our destination and we came here for She
06:37These two black holes were born after the demise of a pair of massive stars.
06:43And ever since, for millions of years, they've been doing the gravitational tango.
06:48Actually, we have come here for the climax.
06:50When they collide, a tsunami of space-time will arise.
06:54Which will increase and decrease the space in every direction accordingly
06:58This will affect the speed of time, which will first speed up and then slow down.
07:02Lo Po Dekh Bada Aaregi
07:08Take the effect that the effect that Franga that.
07:31This will slow down the time
07:36Such a tsunami of space-time will arise
07:39which will increase and decrease the space in every direction
07:42A little over a billion light years ago
07:51An event that occurred about a billion years ago
07:55What could that possibly have to do with us?
07:57Einstein was the first person to understand this.
08:00that matter can create ripples throughout spacetime
08:03He felt that the tremendous vis-Ã -vis photos of matter
08:06Ripples should lead to something bigger
08:08large waves, gravitational waves
08:11Right now you can find me on any type of device you have.
08:15watching and listening
08:21the way we
08:22uses electro-matic waves
08:24If we learn to use gravitational waves in the same way
08:27Then who knows?
08:28The scientist who worked with electricity
08:30used to use
08:32When would they have thought of it in the nineteenth century?
08:34that one day our world will be like this
08:37Cosmologists had already predicted
08:39that black holes exist
08:40And gravitational waves indicate this
08:43The first is that black holes
08:44are really
08:46But they can also become a new way for us to know and understand the universe.
08:50We will combine our scientific knowledge with it and take all those lights across the vast ocean.
08:56Can.
08:56Which we use.
08:59Such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, infra red, microwave, radio waves, and visible light.
09:17This newest way of exploring the universe could one day help us learn what those strange things are.
09:23What happens inside black holes and other hidden places that make up most of the universe.
09:29What if we could detect the gravitational waves that gave birth to the universe at the very first moment of creation?
09:37Was born at the time of.
09:39What if we could expand our vision to see the entire cosmic evolution spanning approximately 14 billion years?
09:58So how did humans become so intelligent? We know a little about the evolution of our species.
10:05But how did the human brain develop in this way?
10:09Where did that crazy idea of ​​climbing a ladder to reach the stars come from? We humans are the discoverers of the universe.
10:16We will get the answer there as to why Akhar started taking so much interest in doing it.
10:27The Cosmic Calendar is a way for us to understand the vastness of time.
10:32We took all of time from the beginning of the universe to this moment and compressed it into a single
10:38put in the calendar of the year
10:40On this scale, each month represents a little over a billion years.
10:45Each day is approximately 40 million years.
10:48Our own story begins with all the other lives in this little world of ours.
10:54Urijin is the one of everything that breathes on this earth
10:58This happened on September 15th, about four billion years ago, in the darkness of the deep ocean.
11:06This tiny single-celled organism had a kind of chemical ladder inside it.
11:11That was DNA double helix
11:16Star Staff
11:19Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen
11:21Elements formed on distant planets, joined by hydrogen released from the Big Bang
11:27Due to which they succeeded in finding their existence in the small world.
11:30Due to some random changes, mutations in genes, some organisms were more successful in surviving.
11:36This is what we call evolution by natural selection.
11:39This ladder kept getting longer, and then more links were added to it.
11:45And then it took about three billion more years for those plants and animals to evolve
11:50that you can see with your naked eyes
12:00If the cosmic calendar had holidays, December 26th would certainly be one of them.
12:07The first mammals evolved on this day, about 200 million years ago.
12:13He brought a new feature of life to Earth: the neocortex.
12:19It wasn't easy for him to survive during the Triassic period.
12:23But the dinosaur species that threatened mammals had disappeared.
12:28It was the development of the neocortex within these tiny creatures.
12:33which enabled their descendants to spread across the planet
12:37Mammals brought something new
12:40They used to feed their children milk
12:43took care of them
12:45And they were in love
12:49It was Mother's Day
12:50of the cosmic calendar
12:55Meaning of Evolution by Natural Selection
12:57Any living being that adapts itself to its environment
13:00Will be able to adapt more effectively
13:01She is busy having children and raising children
13:03will become more capable
13:05Intelligence plays a very important role in this choice.
13:08from an incident
13:10which only included your atom
13:12The fate of this tribe had changed.
13:14How small are your atoms?
13:17are thousands of times smaller than a grain of salt
13:21In the DNA of just one of our ancestors
13:24Somehow a mutation occurred
13:26Our dignity and pride and our knowledge and all our achievements can be the reason for all this.
13:35a single base pair of a gene
13:38Just one link programmed the Neocortex to expand and fold further.
13:45It was either the effect of a cosmic ray or in the transmission between one cell and another.
13:51someone was upset
13:52Well, whatever it was, it brought about a change in our species that affected every other aspect of nature.
13:59impact on species
14:02This happened on New Year's Eve on our cosmic calendar.
14:12I don't know if it was good or bad, but it instilled loyalty in us.
14:17We gradually began to care about more people
14:20We started thinking more about the future
14:22We were born with the power to change the world
14:24Now we begin to search our universe for answers
14:28The name we gave to our species
14:31Homo sapiens, the intelligent human being
14:34And the interesting thing is that behind all of that
14:37Of our little Diane ladder reaching for the stars
14:41nothing more than a link
14:48In the last hour of our cosmic calendar
14:51Rather, you can say that at the last minute
14:54Our ancestors were hunters
14:55They were looking for food
14:57lived in small groups
15:06You know when people say things like that
15:09This is the nature of man
15:10So I feel very strange
15:13He is generally the Lalji within us.
15:15Of our bells and violence
15:17are talking
15:18But it has been not just one or two but many years since we became human beings.
15:22And most of the time we weren't like that at all.
15:26How do we know this
15:27The writings of those researchers and as if scientists revealed
15:44that they lived with more love for each other and their environment
15:48We shared whatever we had because we knew
15:52We can't live without the group.
15:54We only bought what we needed.
15:57Because life wasn't meant to be spent in just one place.
16:00We were different from our ancient wild ancestors
16:04Why did you believe in snatching things by showing strength?
16:16And where was God?
16:19Everywhere in the rocks and in the rivers
16:23In every tree, in every bird, in every living thing, in every particle
16:27Such was the nature of man for almost several hundred thousand years.
16:32I'm standing on the southern tip of Africa and
16:35At this time I am wondering how this place would have looked millions of years ago.
16:39At that time, all the world's Homo sapiens lived in Africa.
16:45In total, it is about ten thousand
16:47If you were a spaceship on a survey mission
16:50So you think we're a vanishing species
16:53After all, who knew that one day we would be nearly seven billion?
16:57So what happened after all?
16:59How did we become the global and spacefaring species we are today?
17:13Welcome to Pritvi's first lab
17:17Ambalombo Cave houses some special treasures related to the evolution of our brain.
17:21Our ancestors were doing science experiments here with ochre, a mineral rich in iron.
17:28They used its red color for decoration.
17:32But it was also used for other things.
17:34Preserving animal skins as medicine For sharpening tools
17:41And maybe even to ward off insects.
17:44And he used to carve some symbols on the oak.
17:47Something completely new happened on this planet Earth.
17:51Art neither for eating nor for getting anything, just for a token
17:59that we once were
18:01This is somewhat like a ladder, double helix
18:04Whatever be its purpose
18:06This is the oldest trace of human culture.
18:09We learned to leave something behind.
18:12which is related only to humans
18:14And this is the reason why a million years ago
18:18about an incident that happened
18:19We are finding out today
18:22A great discovery was made
18:25In Blomos Cave
18:3325 cosmic seconds before midnight
18:36This was about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.
18:40Mankind has discovered a great power.
18:44the tendency to wander in search of food
18:47We learned to grow it in the ground.
18:51This changed everything
18:54Our ancestors did something else.
18:57which had never been done before
18:58They invented new tools and technology
19:02to extract plants and food from the earth
19:05They started living inside houses at one place
19:08Our relationship with nature and each other
19:12Now it was about to change forever
19:14This revolution which came under the influence of Krishi
19:17growing plants and raising animals
19:20That was the biggest revolution.
19:22Because it affected everything.
19:25The impact of that revolution was not limited to that period only.
19:28We can still see its effects today.
19:30But like most revolutions, it also brought some changes.
19:34Which were both good and very scary.
19:37A new concept had entered the world.
19:40Home
19:41A special place on this mountain where you and your ancestors were born and lived
19:48and then until about twenty cosmic seconds or about seven thousand twenty AE ago
19:54The settlements grew bigger and bigger
20:02Welcome to Chateau Hoek
20:05This is a community on the Anatoline Plain that dates back about 9,000 years.
20:10In the evening everyone is in their homes
20:13Interestingly, today this city has almost the same number of people as once existed in the whole of Africa.
20:21used to do
20:22The idea of ​​this city is so new that currently there are neither roads nor windows here.
20:28So the only way to get into your apartment is to walk on the roof and go through the hole in it.
20:35will have to get down
20:37But apart from the streets and windows, there is one other very important thing missing from Chata Hoyak.
20:44There is no palace here
20:47The worst impact of the onset of Kushi on human society was yet to be felt.
20:52Here a few people did not rule over many people.
20:57Here, one percent of the people were not rich and the rest were not poor.
21:03Forensic analysis of the women, men and children living here revealed
21:09They all ate the same kind of food.
21:13They still had the old-fashioned sharing habit.
21:16Shetahoyak was an egalitarian
21:18The weakest ate the same food as the strongest.
21:23And everyone lived in the same kind of house.
21:26one-of-a-kind homes
21:28Come on, I'll show you
21:44This is a typical apartment in one of the earliest cities.
21:48This is Çatahöyük, now in Turkey.
21:51And this is what it looked like 9000 years ago
21:54They were very similar to us.
21:59This is a piece of volcanic glass.
22:01called upside down
22:02If you don't come then this will happen
22:06I wish we could find a way
22:08that can reflect everything that happens here
22:15A large family of ten people lived together in this apartment.
22:19The floor plan of each apartment was the same.
22:22bedroom
22:25Living room
22:27Kitchen
22:30Luggage storage
22:32The people of Shata Hoyk were very fond of decorating things
22:36Many teeth, bones, and animal skins were found in the apartment.
22:42Okar which our ancestors discovered in Africa about a million years ago
22:47He had now become the first choice of the interior decorators of Chateau Hauke.
22:56But red ochre was to be used for one more thing.
23:00He created a completely new art form from this.
23:04The map was the first attempt by humans to explain space and time through a two-dimensional representation.
23:12In
23:12where is he
23:15So my house is right here, according to this volcano, and with the help of some lines, this artist
23:23sent a 9000-year-old message
23:25I was here when this volcano erupted.
23:38The Sheta Hoyak experiment was successful, and after a few thousand years, cities were appearing everywhere.
24:01When people of different backgrounds gather in one place, ideas are exchanged and
24:07New possibilities emerge
24:09A city is like a mind in which new ideas keep emerging and flourishing
24:17Here in Amsterdam, citizens of the Old and New Worlds mingled in the 17th century.
24:24A flood of new ideas came, thus starting a golden age of science and art.
24:31Happened
24:32In Italy, Giordano and Bruno declared that there were other worlds.
24:37He was tortured a lot for that.
24:40But just fifty years later, Astronomer Kristian Höggins in Holland was highly respected for saying exactly the same thing.
24:51Light was very important in those days.
24:55Light gave new impetus to human thinking.
24:59The light brought to light the places that had been hidden until now.
25:04Light can also be seen in paintings of that time.
25:08In the paintings of Var Meer at a particular period
25:11And scientists showed special interest in light.
25:16Several generations of cloth merchants
25:19A lens used to check the thread count of stitched fabrics
25:23There were three such men at Amster Dam at that time.
25:26who were so impressed by the light
25:28That they could use an old device in a completely new way
25:32He looked at things through the lens of a clothing merchant.
25:36No one had ever thought of seeing them up close before.
25:39This became a window to discover and understand new worlds.
25:44Antonie van Leeuwen Hooke used a single lens to reveal thousands of microcosms in a single drop of water.
25:58His friend Christian Huygins used two lenses to bring stars, planets, and moons so close that their features could be seen.
26:06began to appear
26:07Higgins was the first person to observe that Saturn's rings are moving away from it.
26:12And what exactly are they? They also discovered Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
26:18Like Bruno, Huygins also believed that stars were second suns.
26:23and orbit their own systems of planets and moons around them.
26:28But why was there no mention of those other worlds and the creatures living on them in the holy books?
26:35This opposition undoubtedly caused great unease in the hearts and minds of the leaders of the Enlightenment.
26:42But there was only one person who had the courage to raise his voice.
26:45He was another magician of light.
26:48Baruch Spinoza was a member of the Jewish Congregation of Amsterdam in his teens.
26:54But at the age of twenty-two, he started expressing his views about Sarayam Ishwar.
27:00Spinoza's God was the physical object of the universe
27:04And their holy book was the book of nature
27:10Amsterdam Jews were refugees from cruel judicial inquiries in Spain and Portugal.
27:17They were tortured and killed there.
27:21Amsterdam provided refuge for Jews
27:23But he may have seen Spinoza's radical ideas as a threat to his hard-won security in Holland.
27:29They excommunicated the young rebel and ordered him banished from the city forever.
27:35Spinoza accepted the punishment with great dignity and without apology.
27:40He moved to nearby The Hague.
27:42There he went a step further and wrote that the Bible was not written by God but by man.
27:49has written
27:50Spinoza wrote, "Do not look for God in miracles."
27:53Miracles are violations of the laws of nature
27:57The best way to attain God is to study those laws.
28:01No one had ever said such things openly before.
28:05Spinoza knew that even if Holland
28:08They are crossing the limits of free thought.
28:13So according to Spinoza, it is injustice to impose any religion on anyone.
28:19In Spinoza's view, all major religious traditions were organized superstitions.
28:27According to him, the words of miracle workers were no less than a threat to the future free society.
28:36There can be no democracy until there is separation of church and state.
28:41He wrote a book that discussed the ideas behind America's revolution and many other revolutions.
28:49And as it happens now, some people still don't like what he says.
29:05Spinoza continued to write and speak about his ideas about God
29:09And he always wore a slashed cape as a badge of honor.
29:13He died at the age of 44
29:15Probably from breathing that dust for years.
29:19which arose when grinding lenses for microscopes and telescopes
29:24After 250 years, another light-loving person
29:28I stepped into a room from the ordinary that I treasured as a witness to Spinoza's profoundly influential philosophy.
29:35had gone
29:36This man, famous all over the world for finding the new flame of nature, was often asked
29:42Do you believe in God? Albert Einstein replied.
29:45I believe in Spinoza's God who appears in the harmony of everything that has come into existence.
29:54Our understanding of the laws of nature has now gone far beyond that.
29:58than Spinoza or even Einstein could ever have imagined
30:02But there is a law of nature which we do not understand.
30:06The book of nature tells the story of a treaty between two ancient empires.
30:11The treaty that was about to break
30:24Long ago there were two empires
30:26There was a treaty between them
30:29After which both of them reached the pinnacle of success.
30:32Their partnership lasted for approximately ten million years.
30:37And then a new kind of creature evolved in an empire
30:41His descendants destroyed everything.
30:44and broke the treaty
30:46In his arrogance, he became a mortal threat to both empires as well as to himself.
31:04This story is true
31:05This is the story of two of the half-dozen kingdoms of life on Earth.
31:10kingdoms of plants and animals
31:13Maintaining greenery is not easy.
31:17Physical contact becomes very difficult when you are stuck in one place.
31:20There is no dating
31:22Just bat a jug and keep blowing your seeds in the wind
31:26You're always just waiting for the wind
31:29If you're lucky, some of your pollens
31:33be delivered to the sexual reproductive parts of another plant
31:36Plants have been playing this hit-and-miss game for about 100 million years.
31:41until some insects evolved to play Cupid.
31:49What happened after that would not be wrong to call the biggest extinction marriage in the history of life.
31:55A moth goes to a flower to have a protein witch's dinner
32:00Apparently, some of those feathers stick to the insect's body.
32:04Then the insect sits on another flower with those remaining petals.
32:09Those pollens fertilize the flower and it reproduces.
32:14It was a win-win situation for both insects and flowers.
32:18This has brought about many tremendous changes.
32:22A new plant was born which had pollen along with sweet nectar.
32:26Now the insects came not only to eat food but also to have dessert.
32:34The insects grew fatter and more hair grew on their bodies.
32:38And even pouches formed on their legs
32:41So that he can collect more pollens than flowers in his daily rounds
32:46Now there were bees.
32:48And this was good news for another species in the animal kingdom.
32:51And that species was us humans.
33:08Porus is the reason why all this is possible.
33:1135 percent of the world's crops depend on their support.
33:16Plants eat starlight
33:18And we and the animals eat plants
33:22And they don't just increase the amount of food available.
33:25This biodiversity is also their contribution.
33:27which has made us so dependent on food supplies
33:31But we're also getting a lot of work done from them.
33:33This is the first time that many types of bees are now
33:37have reached the brink of extinction
33:51Now you must understand where we are going.
34:03The pros and cons of Krishi's invention bring us here.
34:19A monument built to commemorate events in Pritvi's history
34:24In which countless people have gone
34:27This is a sign of the branches broken from the tree of life.
34:32Such dangerous and terrible disasters have occurred five times in the history of life.
34:38It felt like everything would end
34:42But the sixth is something completely different.
34:48The last time we were here together, this hallway had no name.
34:52Why? Because at the time, scientists couldn't reach a consensus.
34:58At that time we were in the middle of a disaster.
35:01Now the situation has changed, now this hallway has a name
35:06This is our The Anthropocene
35:13Anthropo means human in Creek language.
35:18And scene means recently
35:39These species are now extinct due to hunting by our ancestors.
35:44These include our cousins ​​the Neanderthals.
36:02Why is our species like this?
36:04that wherever we go
36:07You take death with you
36:13The future lies ahead from here
36:15It's not too late yet
36:16We can stop this corridor from getting any longer.
36:21The consequences of failure are known
36:35But if successful
36:37come with me
36:50just a few decades into the future
36:54Project Star Shot
36:55In which a fleet of thousands of spacecraft will leave the Earth.
37:00west of the Andes Mountains
37:02This part of the Atacama Desert is so dry
37:05It hasn't rained here yet today
37:07And this is a very good thing for us.
37:10Because we need absolutely clear skies.
37:44When life first emerged from water onto land
37:48So no one saw him
37:50When birds first flew in the sky
37:53So there was no one to report him to.
37:55But this big step should be taken in every way.
37:57and very good records will be kept
37:59The whole world is watching
38:02After all, we are doing our crafts for the first time.
38:05Sending directly to planets from other suns
38:07Alpha Centauri System
38:12These are the ships
38:13that will take our senseis there
38:15These are those interstellar sailing ships
38:18those who are driven by light
38:20Their hulls weigh less than one gram.
38:22and as big as a pea
38:24But still, all of these
38:26But it is more than that
38:27who was on NASA's Voyager
38:38First light will be emitted from the space array of jib lasers
38:41So the spacecraft's speed in a few minutes
38:44from zero to 20 percent of the speed of light
38:48Inside each of these nano crafts will be all that.
38:51which is necessary to look into the world of a new star
38:54And all those visions and scientific information will be sent back to Earth.
39:01Most of the space is empty
39:03But there are some tiny dust particles that, when hit by that high-speed nanocraft,
39:09It can cause a lot of harm
39:22This is one of the reasons we're getting so many of these messages.
39:31Voyager One is traveling at a speed of 61,000 kilometers per hour.
39:35It's been more than 40 years since he left here.
39:39It will take only four days for these nanocrafts to overtake it.
39:43This is quite fast, but still only 20 percent of the speed of light.
39:47Proxima Centauri is four light years away.
39:51So this is a 20 year old one way troupe
39:56But do you know
39:58Proxima Centauri also has a world that could support life.
40:05Our robotic spies will send information about these new worlds
40:10Their messages will reach us through radio waves at the speed of light.
40:15It will take them 4 years to reach us
40:1820 years on one side, back in 4 years, that is, a round trim of 24 years
40:24Many of you will be here
40:26You will read and write those new creations in the book of nature
40:30And will tell you where to go in the future
40:56And at that time these boundaries of the earth, oceans and sky will not exist.
41:28These will not be the boundaries of nature, oceans and sky.
41:54Why must these be lamps of nature, oceans and sky?
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