- 7 hours ago
Animal parents become masters of their environment in order to raise their young in the complex jungle; an orangutan spends eight years teaching her baby the ways of jungle living; a crab creates the perfect home for her crablets.
在丛林这一复杂世界中养育后代，需要非凡的智慧。父母必须成为驾驭环境的高手，学会把握每一个机遇。
• 核心主题： 该集深入探讨了在全球最复杂的丛林生态系统中，动物父母们如何运用超凡的智慧与适应力，战胜环境巨变来抚养下一代
• 精彩生态案例：
• 红毛猩猩： 猩猩妈妈要花费长达 8年的时间，倾囊相授复杂的森林生存与觅食技能。
• 牙买加凤梨蠄（Crab）： 堪称“化学家”的螃蟹妈妈，能精准调配育儿水池的酸碱度以保护幼蟹。
• 白头叶猴（中国）： 为了躲避雄性竞争者的威胁，母猴不得不背负幼崽在极其险峻的喀斯特石林绝壁上攀爬。
• 奇妙共生： 斯里兰卡的窄嘴蛙与剧毒的泰加蜘蛛成了“同居室友”，共同守护树洞里的卵。
在丛林这一复杂世界中养育后代，需要非凡的智慧。父母必须成为驾驭环境的高手，学会把握每一个机遇。
• 核心主题： 该集深入探讨了在全球最复杂的丛林生态系统中，动物父母们如何运用超凡的智慧与适应力，战胜环境巨变来抚养下一代
• 精彩生态案例：
• 红毛猩猩： 猩猩妈妈要花费长达 8年的时间，倾囊相授复杂的森林生存与觅食技能。
• 牙买加凤梨蠄（Crab）： 堪称“化学家”的螃蟹妈妈，能精准调配育儿水池的酸碱度以保护幼蟹。
• 白头叶猴（中国）： 为了躲避雄性竞争者的威胁，母猴不得不背负幼崽在极其险峻的喀斯特石林绝壁上攀爬。
• 奇妙共生： 斯里兰卡的窄嘴蛙与剧毒的泰加蜘蛛成了“同居室友”，共同守护树洞里的卵。
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TVTranscript
00:37Incredible ingenuity, dedication, and extraordinary teamwork.
00:45This is what it takes to be a parent on our planet.
00:52Meet the hard-working parents, raising their families, doing all they can to protect and provide for the next generation.
01:06Discover the extraordinary ways animal parents navigate their world.
01:12But a changing planet is forcing them to adapt.
01:18Success for all parents has perhaps the greatest of consequences.
01:24It ensures the future of life on Earth.
01:31This is parenthood.
02:12A mother orangutan in Borneo is building her bed for the night.
02:22First, a mattress of fresh leaves.
02:28Her young son, a few branches below, is getting to work on his own bunk.
02:37Not entirely successfully.
02:44It will take her almost a decade to prepare him for independence.
02:56Like many youngsters, he decides that his mother's bed is preferable.
03:04And climbs up for a cuddle.
03:14It takes years to perfect jungle living.
03:18And all rainforest parents learn to rely on the trees to protect and provide for them.
03:40Bhutan.
03:43The Himalayan kingdom where the forests are regarded as sacred.
03:52The jungles here provide a refuge for many rare species.
04:04Among them are some of our planet's most dedicated parents.
04:13Rufous-necked hornbills.
04:20Male and female pair for life, and each year, they renew their bond.
04:28Raising a hornbill chick takes teamwork.
04:32The first step is to secure a good home.
04:45Unlike most birds, hornbills don't make nests, but prefer a hole in the tree.
05:04Fortunately, the ancient forests of Bhutan contain plenty of options.
05:13Once the pair have found one that seems suitable,
05:16the female starts collecting mud from the forest floor.
05:27With it, she builds a barrier across the entrance
05:31that will prevent any strangers from getting in.
05:40But she is now imprisoned.
05:45And she will remain so for the next hundred days.
06:00She will be totally reliant on her partner for food.
06:08The catapult.
06:08He'd better be up to it.
06:14Fruit forms the bulk of his offerings.
06:23A caterpillar is a welcome treat, once carefully prepared.
06:33Most of the time, the food is gratefully received.
06:41But not always.
06:55The lack of choice is beginning to get to her.
07:06The male works hard to maintain his daily deliveries.
07:13His commitment is total.
07:30But then, one beak becomes two.
07:43Their growing chick is thriving.
07:48But the nursery is becoming increasingly cramped.
07:52And a touch grubby.
07:58Dad does his best to keep them both properly fed.
08:06But conditions inside the nest are now almost unbearable.
08:16Finally, after three months of imprisonment, she decides the time has come to leave.
08:26And to introduce her chick to the outside world.
08:36The male now starts to withhold food.
08:40A clear sign that he too thinks that the time has come.
08:48She starts to chip away at the baked mutt.
08:59Her slight muscles are stiff and weak.
09:09Inch by inch, she squeezes her way out.
09:21Freedom again.
09:29Her chick, however, needs more time.
09:34The world seems rather daunting.
09:39His father swoops in to offer some encouragement.
09:46It's time to go.
09:57All his parents can do now is watch.
10:03The chick's journey inevitably has to begin with a leap of faith.
10:34He is ungainly and awkward.
10:42But that could have been a lot worse.
10:49They'll remain by his side for the next six months.
11:02Jungles may appear to be full of opportunities.
11:07But competition for homes can be intense.
11:14This Sri Lankan pug-nosed frog has been lucky.
11:20He's bagged a prime location.
11:23It even has a pool in the basement.
11:34And it's not long before an interested female arrives.
11:46Their embrace can last for days.
11:57But as soon as the eggs are laid, the female leaves.
12:02He is now on his own.
12:05A single parent.
12:14His new brood quickly attracts unwanted attention.
12:22Frog's eggs are food for many jungle creatures.
12:29He can protect them from some of the smaller threats.
12:37But he has little defense against the bigger ones.
12:46The tiger tarantula with a leg span the size of a human face.
12:54It can paralyze its victims with a single venomous bite.
13:04Almost nothing is safe from it.
13:13Certainly not a defenseless frog father.
13:29The little frog bravely holds his ground.
13:57Actually, these two have met before.
14:04They both live in the same tree hole.
14:10The tarantula has a nice dry penthouse at the top.
14:16While the frog prefers the damp basement.
14:27The stay-at-home frog keeps the place clean and free of ants.
14:34And the spider acts as a full-time security guard.
14:44Together, they make an excellent team.
14:52One that ensures a future for two entirely different families.
15:15For some parents, finding a suitable home is just the start of a very long journey.
15:24Learning the intricacies of the jungle can take a lifetime.
15:31And in the forests of Borneo, the amount of food on offer varies hugely each year.
15:43Orangutans have an encyclopedic knowledge of the forests.
15:49They not only know which plants are safe to eat, but when and where to look for them.
16:01This knowledge is passed down to their young, and today's lesson begins with a pandanus plant.
16:09A meal of its leaves is an excellent way to start the day.
16:26Bibi is an experienced mother, and has been giving her son Bias daily lessons for the last seven years.
16:41Orangutans ambushed the solitary animals.
16:46If Bias is eventually to survive on his own, Bibi has a lot of work to do.
17:03She will need to show him everything the forest has to offer.
17:11Including where to find over 300 different kinds of food.
17:22Like all Orangs, Bibi is vulnerable on the ground.
17:28But down here, there is important food.
17:38Termites.
17:41They're packed with nutrients, an important supplement for their regular diet.
17:48Bias isn't yet brave enough to sample them, but at least he's paying attention.
18:03A varied diet can be the difference between life and death.
18:11And at his age, Bias should really be fending for himself.
18:16But he still relies on his mother to show him the best bits.
18:30There is no shortage of leaves.
18:38But even so, he wants those particular ones that his mother is eating.
18:53And she is beginning to find that very irritating.
19:05Eventually, he gets the message and finds a branch of his own.
19:24The large fig trees are few and far between.
19:28And you have to know when they will be full of fruit.
19:32If you are not to make unnecessary journeys.
19:39They've timed their visit perfectly.
19:41Hundreds of figs are beginning to ripen.
19:49Bibi has devoted nearly a decade of her life to each of her children.
19:56Bias is approaching the end of his training and will soon need to branch out on his own.
20:14Leaving his devoted mother will be one of the most difficult moments in his life.
20:25And he isn't quite ready for it.
20:28Yet.
20:44Iguazu National Park in Argentina.
20:54The mother, Kawati, is in her nest with a litter of kits.
21:04She has looked after them with great care since the day they were born.
21:10But now they are close to independence.
21:13And she is able to start polishing further.
21:23Kawati live in tight social groups.
21:26And the adults take turns to care for each other's young.
21:35And keep them out of harm's way.
21:42As one mother disappears into the canopy.
21:47The other is left in charge.
21:50And she is going to have her work cut out.
21:55The kits are just about manageable when in the trees.
22:01But once on the ground, it becomes total chaos.
22:22The baby sitter is doing her best.
22:31But every time one of the missing kits is found...
22:36Another wanders off.
22:39Another wanders off.
22:45It's a babysitter's nightmare.
23:09Meanwhile, the other female is enjoying some quiet time on the other side of the river.
23:24She calls to the group.
23:34But the babysitter knows that the kits would find it difficult to make the crossing.
23:42They've become separated.
23:53The babysitter, however, has an idea.
23:59She has learned to use something that previous generations didn't have.
24:06A bridge.
24:25She just has to get the youngsters across it unscathed.
24:29A bridge.
24:46A bridge.
24:50A bridge.
24:56A bridge.
24:58The babysitter rounds up the final straggler and carries him to safety.
25:20With the group reunited, everyone has had quite enough adventure for one day.
25:30By sharing parental responsibilities, these kowajis now successfully raise more offspring than they could ever do on their own.
25:46Jungle parents have to be endlessly resourceful.
25:52And the forests of Jamaica are now home to a creature whose ancestors were once ocean-goers.
26:00But who now live in the tiny pools of water that form at the base of jungle plants.
26:10This is a mother bromeliad crab.
26:18But her new home isn't perfect.
26:22It requires constant maintenance.
26:27Dead leaves fall into it.
26:30And that just won't do.
26:35The leaves have got to be removed.
26:44For her growing brood, nothing is too much trouble.
26:54Cleaning the nursery is just the start.
27:01For the first ten days, the tiny crabs don't have hard shells.
27:07And are easily picked off by hungry predators.
27:22They're totally defenseless.
27:35They're totally defenseless.
27:38The animals are coming to the animals rich in calcium.
27:46She drops a few into the nursery pool where they will dissolve.
27:51And can then be reabsorbed by the tiny crablets.
27:54Helping them to toughen up.
28:01Managing her nursery pool is a daily battle
28:06Too many leaves
28:08More shells to find
28:10And each day she risks losing more of her brood
28:28When, eventually, the youngster's shells have hardened
28:33She has to provide them with food
28:41She doesn't leave the safety of her bromelia at home
28:45But relies on food coming to her
28:50A millipede in search of a meal of decomposing leaves
28:58She readies herself
29:04It won't be easy
29:06But there's a bounty to be had
29:26She eventually gets to grips with her capture
29:31And breaks it up into bite-sized chunks
29:40The body of the millipede will not only feed her whole family
29:44But will also help to further strengthen the crablet's shells
29:53The crablet's love the guts best
30:05The mother crab has managed to create an environment
30:10That suits her family
30:14But some jungles are now being transformed
30:17In ways that make raising young almost impossible
30:27The cast forests of southern China
30:33The limestone peaks are home to one of the rarest of monkeys
30:41The white-headed Lange
30:52This infant is one of the last of his kind
30:57It's precious not just to his mother
31:00But for the future of his entire species
31:06A ledge high up these vertical cliffs
31:09May be a safe place to sleep
31:15But it's less than perfect as a nursery
31:24Travelling around up here is not for the inexperienced
31:30But eventually all Langeurs must learn to master the rock face
31:48Fortunately, there are plenty of others willing to lend a hand
31:57Young Langeurs can spend as much as a third of their time
32:01Under the care of other females
32:09Around mid-morning
32:11The group begin their daily descent
32:14To the base of their pinnacle
32:19One false step here could be fatal
32:40But this is the place where their mothers find their food
32:44But this is the place where their mothers find their food
33:10Gills
33:11Langeurs need a variety of fresh leaves every day
33:16Not long ago the troop had a much larger forest territory
33:22But they have become isolated on their rocky island
33:29which is now entirely surrounded by farmland.
33:38The patches of jungle that remain have become increasingly rare.
33:52A couple of outsiders have been spotted approaching through the fields.
34:03Looking to take over the island.
34:13Rival males will kill the offspring of others.
34:22So the mothers quickly get out of the way
34:26and retreat to the safety of the cliffs.
34:36Leaving the rest of the troop to resist the attack.
34:52The intruders have been repelled for now.
34:58But not everyone has gone unscathed.
35:10The troop begin the long climb back up.
35:18The mother and her precious cargo carefully work their way up the cliff.
35:29The walls are near vertical, and the holds razor thin.
35:53These langurs have adapted to this perilous habitat.
36:00And their island refuge provides the mother and her baby with a safe haven.
36:06For now.
36:10But one day, the youngster will be forced to leave his mother's family.
36:16And establish a territory of his own.
36:20And that will not be easy.
36:28Forest habitat is being lost all over the world.
36:32But nowhere is this more pronounced than in the Brazilian Amazon.
36:41Every year, vast swathes of jungle are deliberately set on fire.
36:49Leaving millions of animal parents homeless.
36:56Many are forced to find refuge in nearby patches of forest.
37:11Among them, a particularly rare and seldom seen creature.
37:17An Amazonian tapir.
37:20A close relative of rhinos.
37:23And South America's largest land mammal.
37:34A young calf sticks close by her side.
37:47They are in search of a new territory,
37:50which has the resources they need to survive.
38:15Finding enough vegetation to eat is not a problem.
38:22But many jungle plants lack crucial minerals, and some contain a mix of toxic chemicals.
38:37Over time, these toxins can build up in a tapir's body.
38:44Eventually, some need to seek out a remedy.
38:52She leads her young calf upstream in the hope of finding the cure.
38:59The female knew where to go in the patch of forest where she was born.
39:05But as her former territory continues to burn behind her, she's forced to look for somewhere
39:13new.
39:27As night falls, the jungle comes alive.
39:48Using her keen sense of smell, she cautiously guides her calf through the forest.
40:03The more animals they encounter, the closer they're likely to be to their destination.
40:16She can smell something familiar in the darkness.
40:32Clay.
40:34The remedy that she and her calf so badly need.
40:43Clay.
40:44The remedy that she and her calf so badly need.
40:50Others are working in their diet.
40:54Others arrive, all searching for the same thing.
41:01The particular chemical compounds within this clay.
41:11As more tapir arrive, they dig into the soil, making it accessible to other less powerful species.
41:35The location of this clay lick is a crucial part of the calf's education.
41:43There are unique sites like this all over the Amazon, including many that have not yet been identified
41:50by humanists.
41:54Even the most remote forests on Earth are no longer immune from modern disturbances.
42:03The daintree in northern Australia.
42:08Dinosaurs once lived here.
42:16And their feathered descendants still prowl the understory today.
42:23A casserie.
42:25This one is nicknamed crinkle.
42:34He's nearly 45 years old.
42:37And like all casserie fathers, he has the responsibility of rearing the young.
42:47Success is never guaranteed.
42:49And this year is tougher than ever.
42:54It's the middle of the dry season.
42:59Crinkle's head cask helps him shed heat quickly.
43:07But his chicks have no such defence.
43:11In these temperatures, they need to drink almost every day if they're to survive.
43:18But it has hardly rained for months.
43:24The forest is parched.
43:27And many of the riverbeds are dry.
43:47Quintal breaks up some fruit for his chicks.
43:50But it won't sustain them for long.
44:13He must find water.
44:19There is a remote pool at the far limit of his territory.
44:25The journey there is risky.
44:28But his chicks are hungry and thirsty.
44:31And increasingly desperate.
44:37Even in a good year, only 50% of casserie chicks survive.
44:44He urges them on.
44:52They must be cautious.
44:54The search for water is drawing other animals into the area.
45:03Feral pigs, introduced by humans, are now abundant in these forests.
45:12Following their scent, wild dingoes are also moving in.
45:21Both of these animals are known to kill casserie chicks.
45:30Crinkle is by no means defenceless.
45:33His razor-sharp talons are effective weapons.
45:37But he will be unable to save his chicks if they don't find water soon.
45:57At last.
46:06And for now, they are alone.
46:27The oasis provides precious relief.
46:35And what is more, the quang dong tree here is full of fruit.
46:42A food much relished by casseries.
46:50And in return, the casserie distribute the seeds around the forest,
46:56helping the trees to spread.
47:10All over the world, animals and trees depend on each other.
47:19But there are some trees that do more than we ever thought possible.
47:29A 200-year-old ajo tree in Costa Rica, covered in golden blooms.
47:40As one of the largest trees in the area, it has unrestricted access to the sun.
47:51However, for the saplings growing on the forest floor,
47:55collecting the relatively little light to filters down isn't quite so easy.
48:03But the ajo tree's influence is great.
48:11Its immense canopy absorbs the sunlight, using its energy to synthesize sugars in its leaves,
48:21which then circulate through its branches, right down to its roots.
48:30Here, it collaborates with microscopic fungi, and it distributes excess nutrients to the tiny saplings nearby.
48:41This underground network enables trees to support the next generation.
48:53These complex relationships take years to establish.
48:59And it's clear that as trees age, they become increasingly important for the forest,
49:05acting as protectors and providers for the whole ecosystem.
49:13A cavity in the ajo's ancient trunk provides a home for a family of bats.
49:31And thousands of insects visit it each day.
49:42This ajo is a keystone of the forest.
49:51But it's not unique.
49:57The world over, such giant individuals play a pivotal role in their respective forests.
50:09They are the key to a healthy jungle.
50:13From the majestic Barante in Borneo, to the giant Kapok in Brazil.
50:21Trees like these provide homes for a huge variety of animal families.
50:31Entire neighborhoods depend on them for food.
50:44They are the center of their community.
50:55And are vital to all parents who make their homes in jungles.
51:02The such things we see the mixture is
51:32And us, as we ask them, but we believe that the human Health is always the best is,
52:07To learn more about what you've seen on this nature program, visit PBS.org.