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Is Britain facing its biggest undersea threat in modern history? Russian submarines and naval vessels are increasingly active in UK waters, prompting over 100 Royal Navy activations in a single year. From the ultra-quiet Yasen-M class to remote seabed submersibles, Moscow’s growing fleet poses a direct risk to critical undersea cables carrying 99% of Britain’s internet and energy. Discover how the Royal Navy, NATO allies, and AUKUS are fighting back to protect vital infrastructure.

⏱️ CHAPTERS:
00:00 - Russian Submarine Threat to UK Waters
01:04 - Royal Navy Tracks 116 Russian Ships
02:18 - Russia's Yasen-M Nuclear Submarine Capabilities
03:36 - Russian Underwater Drone Networks and Sabotage
04:54 - UK Support for Ukraine Triggers Kremlin Threats
06:08 - Undersea Cables Carrying 99% Britain Internet
07:22 - Russian Spy Ships Mapping Atlantic Cables
08:38 - Economic Impact of UK Internet Blackout
09:52 - Royal Navy Increases Submarine Patrols 25%
11:08 - High North NATO Counter Submarine Operation
12:24 - AUKUS Nuclear Submarines Defense Against Russia
13:38 - Royal Navy Astute Class Submarine Fleet
14:52 - UK Frigate Deal to Counter Russian Navy
16:12 - Is the UK Navy Ready for Russia?

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Transcript
00:01The UK is surrounded by submarines.
00:04That's the devastating assessment delivered by a member of the UK Parliament
00:08who adds that Russia is trying to do something sinister in the UK's waters.
00:13Undersea cables are the key, kilometres of them, all vulnerable to Russian attack.
00:19So the questions have to be asked, what's really happening?
00:22And what is the UK doing to counter the biggest naval threat it's faced in modern times?
00:29Michelle Scrogem, who is the Member of Parliament for Barrow & Furnace,
00:32as well as the chair of the AUKUS All-Party Parliamentary Group,
00:36made her claim in a September 15th piece for the iPaper,
00:40and she came with numbers to back it up.
00:42According to Scrogem, the past year has seen the Royal Navy get called out 116 times
00:49for shadow Russian warships, merchant vessels and, in some cases, submarines in and around the UK's waters.
00:55All told, she adds, the UK has been forced to track 61 of Russia's warships in a single year,
01:01and it's also had dealings with submarines.
01:04The Telegraph has similar numbers, repeating the claim of 116 Royal Navy activations,
01:10though claiming the number of vessels tracked amounts to almost 90,
01:14rather than the 61 that Scrogem mentions.
01:16What all of this means is that the UK's Navy is being called into action, on average, about twice per
01:22week,
01:23all due to an escalating Russian threat in its waters.
01:26Surrounded by submarines may be a touch hyperbolic,
01:29but it's no lie to say that Russia's entire Navy has become a threat to the UK,
01:33and submarines are perhaps the deadliest aspect of that threat.
01:37Surface vessels can be seen and tracked with relative ease.
01:41However, submarines operating deep under the waves are much harder to track in the first instance,
01:46and far more difficult to corral once they've been discovered.
01:49Before we go deeper, are you enjoying our reporting?
01:52Subscribe and share your thoughts below.
01:55And if you'd like to support the real people behind the channel,
01:58consider becoming a member for exclusive content.
02:01Moves have to be made, Scrogem argues.
02:04After all, Russia has built one of the world's largest and most impressive submarine fleets
02:09for precisely this type of purpose.
02:11Scrogem herself reveals the basics.
02:14Russia operates one of the world's largest and most modern submarine fleets,
02:19featuring more than two dozen nuclear-powered attack boats,
02:22which has grown steadily more active in the seas around us, she says.
02:26As she points to the Yasin-M as Russia's newest and most dangerous class of submarines.
02:32Designed to be the quietest sub in the Russian arsenal,
02:35the Yasin-M carries Caliber cruise missiles,
02:37which Russia uses constantly against Ukraine,
02:40and which the Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance reports
02:43are capable of carrying nuclear warheads up to a weight of 450 kilograms.
02:48With a range of up to 2,500 kilometers,
02:51these missiles could be launched from practically anywhere in the waters surrounding the UK
02:57and still strike targets all over the Kingdom.
03:00But that new submarine is just the most recent threat.
03:03There are many more.
03:04In its examination of Russia's submarine capabilities,
03:08the Nuclear Threat Initiative, or NTI,
03:10says that Russia has an estimated 64 submarines in its fleet,
03:14making it one of the largest undersea fleets in the world.
03:17Of those 64 submarines, 16 are nuclear-powered and capable of firing ballistic missiles,
03:24making them key to Russia's nuclear and strategic deterrence.
03:28The NTI notes that right now Russia's submarines present their greatest threat to Ukraine.
03:33However, there are concerns that they could be used to strike vital infrastructure in the North Atlantic,
03:38including unconfirmed reports that Russia used its submarines to attack the Nord Stream pipeline
03:43and cause significant damage.
03:45That gives us a little clue as to why Russia is sending its submarines and warships to the UK.
03:51It isn't just about having the ability to launch missiles that can strike UK territory.
03:56The national interest also labels Russia's submarine fleet as one of the world's most powerful,
04:01noting that it's also among the most diverse.
04:04Those submarines provide Russia with the ability to monitor both the Pacific and Atlantic regions.
04:09The outlet notes that beyond the latest classes that Scrogan mentions,
04:13Russia has several others, ranging from nuclear-powered submarines to louder, but no less dangerous, diesel-powered subs.
04:20The size of the submarine force alone suggests that Russia will pose a serious undersea challenge to the US and
04:26NATO,
04:27never mind just the UK, and that fleet is growing further.
04:30On top of its crewed submarines, Russia is also starting to build uncrewed submersibles, along with other uncrewed vessels.
04:38In a March report, the Center for Maritime Strategy said that Russia has created an entire underwater surveillance network named
04:45Harmony,
04:46which has seen Russia deploy surface drones, robots that can scan and navigate the seabed,
04:52and deep-diving underwater vehicles that are capable of seabed mapping, protecting Russian infrastructure,
04:57and most worryingly for the UK, carrying out sabotage so deep that it's difficult to spot until it happens.
05:04Some of Russia's undersea vehicles have also entered serial production, including the Galtel and Clavason 1P3,
05:12suggesting that Russia is scaling up an underwater fleet that can be operated remotely and is capable of doing damage
05:18without putting crews at risk.
05:20So Russia clearly represents a danger to any nation with its submarine fleet.
05:24But why the UK?
05:26Scrogram claims that it's the UK that is being surrounded by Russian submarines and warships,
05:31so there has to be a reason, as well as a goal, that those submarines are trying to achieve.
05:36The reason is clear to anybody who has been following the news recently.
05:39Tensions between the UK and Russia have been rising, with Russia escalating to make outright threats against the UK,
05:46seemingly triggered by the UK deciding to share confidential information about storm shadow missiles with Ukraine.
05:53Russia has claimed that the UK is playing with fire, as it threatens a military response,
05:58potentially targeting the UK's drone factories.
06:01Even before that, the UK has been a massive thorn in Russia's side since the moment that Putin invaded Ukraine.
06:07The UK has committed over $33 billion in military aid to Ukraine.
06:12It's also formed a 100-year partnership, covering everything from economic to defensive ventures,
06:18which sends an obvious message to the Kremlin that the UK believes Ukraine will win the war and exist for
06:24decades to come.
06:24The UK is also one of the spearhead nations of the Coalition of the Willing,
06:29which is a collection of more than 30 nations that have committed to forming a peacekeeping force inside Ukraine
06:35that will be put into place when the war with Russia ends.
06:37To say that Russia doesn't like the UK is an understatement.
06:42Russia sees the UK as one of Ukraine's most prominent and vocal supporters,
06:46so it wants to do everything that it can do to diminish that support and minimize the impact the UK
06:51has on its invasion of Ukraine.
06:53With Russia's reason for targeting the UK established,
06:56we come to the purpose of surrounding the UK with submarines and warships.
06:59That purpose isn't to put the UK within the range of the Russian fleet's weapons.
07:04That's a nice little side benefit.
07:06What Russia wants to do is to present a constant threat to something that the UK needs to keep the
07:11entire country running.
07:12The vast network of undersea cables that are essential for communications, internet usage and practically every aspect of modern UK
07:20society.
07:21If Russia targets those cables, it poses a serious threat to the UK.
07:25But before we explain how, you're watching the military show.
07:29If you haven't subscribed to the channel yet, now is the perfect time to hit that button and enable notifications
07:34before we get back to the video.
07:37Scrogan points to the UK's undersea cable network as Russia's primary target, and she explains why.
07:43Beneath the North Atlantic lies 60 fibre optic cables carrying an estimated 99% of Britain's internet traffic, along with
07:52pipelines and power interconnectors that bring much of our energy ashore, she reveals.
07:56In other words, this vast undersea network is what keeps the UK running.
08:00Communications, internet, energy, all vital to the running of a modern country and more pressingly, the operations of a modern
08:07military.
08:09Over the last few years, Russia has been working hard to map undersea cables, not just around the UK, but
08:14across all of Europe.
08:15As far back as November 2025, Sky News reporter Michael Drummond was pointing out that these cables connect the UK
08:22to the rest of Europe, with many of them being located in the English Channel.
08:25Drummond also pointed out that at least one Russian spy ship, named the Yantar, has been spotted and shepherded away
08:32by the Royal Navy several times, including an event in early 2025, when the Yantar had to be shadowed by
08:39the HMS Somerset, as it made its way through the channel.
08:42And that's just one of the ships that the UK can see.
08:45Under the waves, there may well be submarines working to map undersea cables.
08:49Drummond claims that Russia already has a pretty good idea of where most of the important cables are due to
08:54these efforts.
08:55And that knowledge sets the stage for sabotage attacks, ranging from dragging anchors over those cables to deploying submersibles to
09:02sabotage them.
09:04Russia is practicing these types of attacks, and in some cases, it's already pulling them off.
09:09Verania Kodrian, who is the head of strategy at Euro Atlas, tells UK outlet LBC that her organization has been
09:16warning about the threat that Russia poses to the UK's undersea infrastructure for several years.
09:21Adding that an incident earlier in 2026, which saw the UK and Norway deploy into high north waters to disrupt
09:27a Russian submarine operation, is a perfect example of what she's talking about.
09:31We'll dig deeper into that operation in a moment, but the point of it all is that Russia is engaging
09:36in Grey's own warfare across Europe and the UK's critical infrastructure is a prime target.
09:41Especially in places like the seabed, where there is little visibility and the network of infrastructure is so vast that
09:47persistent monitoring is extremely difficult, Kodrian says.
09:50Though that incident didn't amount to any real damage and was more likely a practice run for Russia, the Kremlin
09:56has already achieved success elsewhere.
09:59The China Strategy Risks Institute examined 12 suspected undersea cable sabotage attempts between January 2021 and April 25, noting that
10:10of the 10 that involved identified vessels, eight could be linked to either Russia or China based on flags or
10:16ownership.
10:17So this concept of Russia attacking undersea infrastructure isn't some far-flung theory, it's actively happening as we speak, and
10:24according to Scrogram, the UK is Russia's next target.
10:28If Russia is allowed to follow through on its plans, it could devastate the UK.
10:33Imagine one day that the internet just completely disappears. This isn't a minor outage. It lasts for days or even
10:39weeks, all because some undersea cables have been severed.
10:42You wouldn't even be able to send an email. Anything you have stored in the cloud becomes inaccessible.
10:48Practically every business and governmental organization is forced into panic mode, as the web has been integrated into every aspect
10:54of modern living.
10:55As for the military, any comms that involve the internet are shut down, which frankly is going to be most
11:00of them.
11:01Telecommunications outside of the internet would also be a risk as smartphones and other mobile devices go offline.
11:07This is an internet shutdown used as a weapon of war, and the impact would be devastating.
11:12If we focus solely on the economic impact, London Loves Tech says that even a 24-hour shutdown would cost
11:19the UK's economy about $2.1 billion.
11:22Russia would only need to shut the UK down for a little over two weeks, and it would essentially do
11:27the equivalent of the UK's total Ukraine aid budget to the country's economy.
11:32Backup systems could help. Landlines could offer telephone communications, though they're becoming rarer in the UK.
11:37In 2024, the number of UK households with landlines dropped to below 50%, hitting 47%, as most are happy to
11:45use their smartphones rather than rely on analog communications.
11:49Satellite internet could provide some relief, especially for a military that is dealing with a massive comms issue.
11:54But switching to satellites when cable-based internet was used before takes time, which Russia could exploit to follow up
12:01with other attacks.
12:02What we're seeing as Russia surrounds the UK with submarines and warships is the foundation being laid for attacks that
12:08could cripple the UK.
12:09And even if the impact is temporary, it would be enough to give Russia a clear advantage in any conflict
12:14that arises between the two.
12:16And so we come to the big question, what is the UK doing about all of this?
12:20For one, the Royal Navy is actively stepping up its patrols as a preemptive measure to help it spot Russia's
12:26sneaky vessels faster.
12:28Those patrols have risen by 25%, national security news reported on August 12th, noting that British warships and helicopters spent
12:3621 days out of 31 in July monitoring Russian vessels in the UK waters and the North Atlantic.
12:43This is an important step. If the UK shows the Kremlin that it's watching constantly, then it becomes harder for
12:49Russia to pull off the sort of cable attack that could plunge the UK into darkness.
12:53We also mentioned an incident in the high north involving the UK and Norway.
12:57That incident happened in April and involved the UK deploying warships and aircraft alongside Norway and with assistance from the
13:05US to track and monitor undersea naval units deployed by Russia's main directorate of deep sea research or GUGI.
13:12The UK sent the Type 23 frigate HMS St Albans alongside Merlin helicopters and RFA Tidespring to confront Russian submersibles.
13:22It was later revealed that GUGI may have been practicing the deployment of a top secret weapon that would allow
13:28it to sabotage undersea cables without leaving any evidence behind.
13:32The nature of this weapon hasn't been revealed, meaning it could be something as simple as a mechanical grabber through
13:38to some sort of electronic warfare device designed to disrupt those cables.
13:41In this instance, the UK managed to chase Russia away, but it took a three country effort and the cost
13:47of deployment to make it happen.
13:49What this incident reveals is that Scrogram is right about Russian submarines operating in the waters that impact the UK.
13:55In her article, she added that the UK is doing more besides these types of deployments to keep Russia at
14:00bay.
14:01Specifically, she mentions AUKUS.
14:03The partnership between the US, UK and Australia involves building a new class of nuclear-powered submarines from which all
14:10three can benefit.
14:10The program began in 2021, and as Scrogram points out, its value is not confined to peacetime deterrence.
14:17Where conflict to reach NATO's eastern flank, the defense of Europe would depend on keeping the sea lanes of the
14:22North Atlantic open for Allied reinforcements,
14:25and on hunting Russian submarines that could launch missiles at Britain or its allies.
14:29However, we can't be too quick to assume that AUKUS will be able to solve every problem that the UK
14:34has with Russia's submarines.
14:35For one thing, there is red tape in the UK that is holding up the purchase of new submarines.
14:40In a September 12 report, the Telegraph revealed that the UK government has delayed the building of the new attack
14:45submarines until 2028, likely as a budgetary measure.
14:49Given the immediacy of the problem that Scrogram discusses in her iPaper piece, that seems like a strange decision.
14:55Still, AUKUS is pressing ahead.
14:57The UK's defense investment plan, which was published in the summer, has revealed that Rolls-Royce will be building the
15:03complete nuclear propulsion units for the submarines being designed as part of AUKUS.
15:07It's also anticipated that the first of these submarines will enter the Royal Navy at some point in the late
15:122030s.
15:13For some, that might seem like too long to wait.
15:16A decade or more for this project to come to fruition is worrying when it's clear that Russia is actively
15:21doing sinister things in and around the UK waters right now.
15:25But the UK is far from defenseless on the submarine front, even as it waits for AUKUS to bear fruit.
15:31The Royal Navy operates a fleet of six astute-class nuclear-powered submarines, though it's rare for all of them
15:37to be operational at the same time.
15:39Still, these subs are among the quietest that any European country has and, due to being nuclear-powered, they have
15:45almost unlimited range.
15:47The subs need to be replenished with food and supplies every 90 days, but beyond that, they're an excellent choice
15:52if the UK feels the need to start shadowing Russian submarines that it detects in its territory.
15:57The partnership between the UK and Norway is also deepening.
16:01In August 2025, Norway signed a $13.3 billion deal to have the UK build several Type 26 frigates, which
16:09are anti-submarine warships.
16:10For the UK, this is almost as good as building those warships for itself, as the High North incident shows
16:15that the UK and Norway are actively working together to confront the Russian threat.
16:20Scrogram also notes that the UK is working alongside Japan and Italy on something called the Global Combat Air Programme,
16:27which exists to develop the next generation of combat aircraft that the UK will use.
16:32What all of this shows us is that steps are being put in place to counter the Russian threat.
16:36And in taking these steps, the UK is also building up its industrial base, perhaps setting up for the strengthening
16:42of its own fleet in the future.
16:44But then, that's the problem. In the future.
16:47The UK is still playing catch-up. In the present, Russia still has a much larger submarine fleet.
16:52Russia is also actively engaging in the very types of activities that these future programmes are designed to protect the
16:58UK against.
16:59And though the UK is extremely active in monitoring Russia's naval activities, it would only take one or two of
17:05the many warships or submarines to slip through the net and undersea cables could be cut.
17:11Something sinister is happening in and around the UK's waters.
17:14The question now is, how ready is the UK to deal with it?
17:18The one thing the UK can rely on is that Ukraine is doing everything that it can to weaken Russia's
17:23navy.
17:23We saw that on September 9th, when a combined missile and drone strike against the Black Sea Fleet Base in
17:29Novorossiysk hit the Russian Navy hard.
17:32Find out what happened by watching our video.
17:34But before you go, subscribe and tell us what you think in the comments below.
17:38And if you want even more from the channel, consider becoming a member for access to exclusive content.
17:43And thank you, as always, for watching.

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