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Préparez-vous à ne plus reconnaître la carte du monde : la plus imposante structure de notre planète est en train de s’éteindre. Avec plus de 155 millions de kilomètres carrés, l’océan Pacifique est d’une telle immensité qu’il dépasse en superficie l’ensemble des continents et des îles réunis. Or, des travaux récents en géologie mettent en évidence un constat glaçant : l’océan le plus étendu de la Terre est aussi celui dont le destin est le plus scellé.Des simulations sophistiquées réalisées sur des supercalculateurs montrent que ce gigantesque océan se contracte progressivement d’environ 2,5 centimètres par an. À l’origine de ce phénomène, on trouve un vaste anneau de zones de subduction qui encercle presque entièrement le Pacifique : les anciennes croûtes océaniques y sont happées vers les profondeurs et recyclées dans le manteau terrestre. D’après les prévisions des scientifiques, le Pacifique devrait avoir totalement disparu d’ici 200 à 300 millions d’années. Ce mouvement tectonique implacable provoquera la collision des Amériques avec l’Asie et l’Australie, donnant naissance à un nouveau supercontinent aride, baptisé « Amasia ». Lancez la vidéo dès maintenant pour explorer ces visions saisissantes du futur géologique de la Terre et découvrir à quoi ressemblera notre monde lorsque le plus grand océan de l’histoire se sera entièrement évaporé de la surface du globe.

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00:00The Pacific is the vast ocean and the most deep and deep ocean of the Earth.
00:05But surprise, surprise, it's in millions of years, it could have completely disappeared.
00:12That would be a great change, you think?
00:14The Americas could end up in collision with the Asia,
00:17forming a new super continent.
00:20And the reason for all this is in the Pacific Ocean.
00:25And yes, the tectonic plates.
00:27But to see exactly what the tectonic plates are coming to do,
00:31we need to first understand what the scientists call the cycle of super continents.
00:39Every 600 millions of years, the continents of the Earth are slowly approaching
00:44and they can form a gigantic super continent.
00:49Then, 200 millions of years later,
00:52around, this super continent begins again to se disloquer.
00:56And all the process begins.
01:00Pongéa, for example.
01:01It was an immense super continent,
01:04in the form of C,
01:05apparu il y a environ 330 millions of years.
01:08Imagine a single huge mass terrestre
01:11of the super continent,
01:14that explains why some continents
01:17ressemblent to pieces of puzzle,
01:19like the South and Africa.
01:22Their côtes seem to be able to be able to
01:24and it's because they were really related.
01:29Pongéa is an example of this cycle of super continents.
01:32And as scientists understand the function of this cycle,
01:37they can predict what could happen afterwards.
01:41According to the current models,
01:43the continents could be together in a few hundreds of millions of years,
01:46to form a new super continent
01:49that scientists have already called Amacia.
01:55Many scientists agree on two things about Amacia.
01:59The name, of course,
02:00and the fact that it would be formed
02:01when the Americas would be in collision with Asia.
02:05But for a long time,
02:06a big debate made rage
02:08on the exact way this collision would be happening.
02:11The super continents
02:13do not always form the same way.
02:16Imagine that a super continent
02:18and that its pieces begin to separate,
02:22creating new oceans between them.
02:25Later, these continents
02:27can again gather together
02:28in two ways.
02:30They can change direction
02:31and close these oceans
02:33more recent,
02:34in re-constant,
02:35the ancient super continent.
02:38Scientists call it
02:39the introversion.
02:41The second possibility
02:43is to continue in the same direction
02:45until the ancient ocean
02:48of the other side
02:49will be in the same direction.
02:50It's called the extroversion.
02:54For Amacia, precisely,
02:56two great theories
02:57explain how it could be formed.
03:00The first,
03:02the scenario of the introversion.
03:04Amacia would be formed
03:05as soon as the Atlantic Ocean
03:07and the Indian
03:07would be slowly
03:08to refer to the Atlantic.
03:10The Atlantic would start to
03:11the Atlantic,
03:12while the new zones
03:13of volcanoes
03:14and hurricanes
03:14will appear
03:15on its borders.
03:17The North would end
03:18in collision
03:19with the Europe
03:20and the Africa
03:21of the North,
03:22while the South
03:23would end up
03:24with the Africa
03:25of the West,
03:25creating huge mountains
03:27where the Atlantic Ocean
03:30would end up
03:33and the Atlantic
03:34would end up
03:34as well as the
03:35Africa,
03:36the India,
03:37the Australia,
03:38the Antarctic
03:39and the Asia
03:40of the West
03:40would end up.
03:42In the end,
03:43Amacia would become
03:44an immense mass
03:45of the Earth
03:45surrounded by a gigantic
03:47super-océan Pacific
03:48with a dry air
03:49and extreme conditions
03:51and more humid
03:52and more humid
03:53and more sujet
03:54to the tempest.
03:55Cool,
03:56but it will not happen.
03:58The problem
03:59is that the Earth
04:00actually moves
04:00in the opposite direction
04:02the Atlantic
04:04continues to move
04:05while the Americas
04:07are away from Europe
04:08and Africa
04:09instead of approaching.
04:11This leads us
04:12to the second theory
04:13on the formation
04:14of Amacia
04:15that is
04:16the extraversion.
04:17In this version,
04:19the Pacific Pacific
04:20continues
04:20to reintroduce
04:21until finally
04:22to disappear
04:23completely.
04:25In fact,
04:26the Pacific Pacific
04:27is surrounded
04:28of a large number
04:29of areas of subduction
04:30that is,
04:31to the places
04:32where a tectonic
04:33is pushed
04:34under another
04:34and plunged
04:36into the depths
04:36of the Earth.
04:38These zones
04:39of subduction
04:40form the
04:41Ceinture
04:41of Feu,
04:42one of the most active
04:44geologically
04:44on Earth.
04:46Along these zones,
04:48the pieces
04:48of the Pacific Pacific
04:49and other
04:50the Pacific Pacific
04:50the Pacific Pacific
04:51are slowly
04:53going through
04:53the Pacific Pacific
04:54of the Earth.
05:00This process
05:01is produced
05:02all around the Pacific.
05:04During the time,
05:05the Pacific Pacific
05:05is slowly approaching
05:05the Americas,
05:07the Asia
05:07and the Australian
05:08the Pacific Pacific
05:09to reduce the size
05:10of the Pacific Pacific.
05:11In clear,
05:13the Pacific
05:13perd
05:14its ancient
05:14oceanic
05:16more quickly
05:16than it can create
05:17a new.
05:18This process
05:19will take hundreds of millions
05:21of years.
05:24But if it continues,
05:26the Pacific
05:26will end up
05:27completely
05:28and reunite
05:29the Americas
05:29and the Asia
05:34Now,
05:35if we stop
05:36to really think
05:36about this theory,
05:37it's crazy.
05:39We're not talking
05:40about a simple
05:40flake
05:41which is sowing.
05:42We're talking about
05:43the Pacific Pacific,
05:44the most big ocean
05:45of the Earth
05:45which is slowly
05:47to be able to disappear
05:49completely a day.
05:52The Pacific
05:53covers more
05:54than 150 millions
05:55of square kilometers.
05:56To give you an idea,
05:58it's more large
05:58than all
05:59continents
05:59of the Earth
06:00reunis.
06:01The big question
06:03is,
06:03why would the Earth
06:04choose a way
06:05rather than the other?
06:07I feel
06:07that the planet
06:08takes the long path
06:09to reunite
06:10continents.
06:13But why?
06:14Well,
06:15a part of the answer
06:16could depend
06:17of the solidity
06:18of the ocean
06:18as well.
06:20When the ocean
06:21and the rocks
06:22located below
06:23are more solid,
06:24the continents
06:24tend to reunite
06:27in perhaps
06:28perhaps
06:28the oceans
06:28the most recent.
06:30But when this
06:31is more fragile,
06:32the continents
06:33can continue
06:33to move away
06:34until the end
06:35of the ocean
06:36of the ocean
06:38located in the other
06:39side.
06:40The fact is
06:41that the interior
06:41of the Earth
06:42has been cold
06:44for hundreds of years
06:45for hundreds of years.
06:46And at the time,
06:47scientists think
06:49that the fish
06:49under our ocean
06:50has changed
06:52the behavior
06:53of the ocean
06:53of the ocean
06:55has changed
06:56the way
06:56the super continents
06:58se reunite.
07:00You see,
07:01in the history
07:02of the Earth,
07:02when the ocean
07:03was more solid,
07:05the continents
07:06had perhaps
07:06more tendance
07:07to reunite
07:08the ocean
07:09the most recent
07:10along the way
07:11of the introversion.
07:13Today,
07:14the ocean
07:14is more fragile,
07:15so scientists
07:16think the way
07:17of the extraversion
07:18is more probable.
07:20In the case of Amasya,
07:22it means
07:22to take the longest path
07:23in general,
07:25the Pacific
07:25should disappear,
07:27not the Atlantic
07:28and the Indian Ocean.
07:30As I said earlier,
07:32this process
07:33has already started.
07:34The Pacific
07:35is essentially
07:36what remains
07:36of the Pantalassa,
07:38the immense ocean
07:39which was before
07:40the Pangae.
07:41And the Pacific
07:42has been
07:43since the time
07:44of the dinosaurs.
07:44So, yes,
07:46it is not something
07:47that scientists think
07:48will be able
07:49to arrive in the future.
07:52It is already
07:53happening.
07:55At the moment,
07:56the Pacific
07:56will be
07:57about 2 cm
07:58or more
07:59by an.
07:59At this rate,
08:01it could be
08:01more than 200
08:02to 300 millions
08:03of years
08:04to keep it completely.
08:07I suppose
08:08that most of us
08:09will not be there
08:09at this moment.
08:11When that happens,
08:12the changes
08:13will be huge.
08:15As soon as
08:15the waves continue
08:16to push each other
08:17against the other,
08:18we could see
08:19the waves
08:19even more powerful
08:20and even new
08:21mountains
08:21will be formed.
08:23The Australia
08:24also plays a major role
08:25in this process.
08:27The simulations
08:27show that
08:28it will first enter
08:29in collision with the Asie.
08:31Then,
08:31at the end,
08:32it will contribute
08:33to the Asie
08:38of the Earth.
08:39The Earth
08:39will be
08:40to the Earth.
08:42The Earth
08:43will be
08:44to the Earth
08:44and the Earth
08:44will be
08:44in a huge
08:46super continent
08:46which will
08:47completely
08:48affect the climate
08:49and the ecosystems
08:50of the planet.
08:52Because
08:53when the continents
08:54move up,
08:55they can block
08:55or modify
08:56important currents
08:58oceanic currents.
08:58And when the continents
08:59are separated,
09:00new currents
09:01can form.
09:02In the two cases,
09:03this could have a huge impact
09:05on the Earth's climate
09:06of the Earth.
09:07The entire
09:08of the super continent
09:09could become very arid
09:11with big differences
09:12between the day
09:14and the night.
09:15The Earth would probably
09:16end up with less
09:17vegetables and animals
09:19than today.
09:21The experts think
09:22that the level
09:23of the Earth
09:23will probably increase
09:24probably.
09:25But it's not something
09:26that we have to worry
09:27about it.
09:30Yes,
09:31the Pacific
09:31is really
09:32but it has nothing to do
09:33with the rise of the
09:34level of the Earth
09:35or with the current change
09:36of the climate
09:37Earth.
09:38The Earth itself
09:39does not disappear.
09:42What is changing
09:43over millions of years
09:44is the size
09:45and the shape
09:46of the ocean oceanic
09:47while the earth
09:48takes place
09:49slowly.
09:51But nothing
09:52will happen
09:53to us.
09:54In fact,
09:55it can even
09:56that humans
09:57will disappear
09:57when this happens.
10:00These discoveries
10:01remain important
10:02because better
10:03we can understand
10:03the future
10:04of the Earth,
10:05better we can understand
10:06how the planet
10:07could change
10:08in the future.
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