**For years, Bukhara resisted Qutayba ibn Muslim.**
Qutayba ibn Muslim al-Bahili became governor of Khurasan around 705 CE and began a series of campaigns into Transoxiana.
The Bukhara region proved exceptionally difficult. Campaigns between 706 and 709 met strong local resistance, including opposition from Sogdian and Turkic forces. Modern historical research has reconstructed these campaigns in detail and emphasizes how difficult this first stage of the conquest was. ([De Gruyter Brill][1])
In 709, Qutayba changed the approach. Rather than continuing to struggle directly against the strongest fortified areas, his army moved through the region toward Lower Kharqāna/Wardāna, where a decisive battle was fought. The resistance was defeated and Bukhara was captured. ([ResearchGate][3])
The conquest was not the end of resistance in the region; Bukhara and other parts of Transoxiana continued to experience opposition to Umayyad rule in later decades. ([Iranica Online][4])
**This is a historical military account, not a hadith or a story from the Qur'an.**
### Authentic Historical References
* **al-Tabari, *Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk*** — accounts of Qutayba's campaigns and the conquest of Bukhara. The relevant material appears under the events of 87–90 AH. ([Scribd][6])
* **al-Baladhuri, *Futuh al-Buldan*** — early historical account of the Arab conquests in Central Asia, including Qutayba's campaigns. ([JSTOR][2])
* **Sören Stark, “The Arab Conquest of Bukhārā: Reconsidering Qutayba b. Muslim's Campaigns 87–90 H/706–709 CE,” *Der Islam* 95/2 (2018), pp. 367–400.** ([De Gruyter Brill][1])
* **Encyclopaedia Iranica, “Bukhara II: From the Arab Invasions to the Mongols.”** ([Iranica Online][4])
---
#IslamicHistory #MuslimHistory #QutaybaIbnMuslim #Bukhara #SwordsOfIslam
Comments