00:00We often imagine the icebergs as big blocks of glass silencieux floating somewhere far away.
00:06But they are not so offensive.
00:08In the foundation, they contribute to the rise of the water.
00:11And this is not the only problem.
00:13The scientists now alert on another danger.
00:17The traffic of icebergs.
00:19In general, more and more large pieces of glass are detached and derives in the ocean.
00:25And it can become a real problem for two reasons.
00:30The first one is that they can block the maritime routes.
00:33Prenons the Detroit of Fram, for example.
00:35It is an ocean ocean between the north-est of Groenland and the Svalbard, all up in the Arctic.
00:41We can see it as a big entrance entrance between the Arctic Ocean and the rest of the world.
00:48It is normal that icebergs pass by the icebergs.
00:50But the situation begins to fall into control.
00:54A new study indicates that the number of icebergs out of Detroit is now four times more high than 2000.
01:02This is explained by a process called the Vellage.
01:06It is when a piece of glacier is detached and becomes an iceberg.
01:11The Vellage is normal.
01:12The problem is that the conditions around change.
01:16Some areas of Groenland are very quickly.
01:19Some areas of Groenland are very quickly.
01:20The glaciers, once again stables, are weak and often more often.
01:25So, more icebergs are liberated in the water.
01:29But it is only the half of the history.
01:32The other half is the Banquise.
01:34It is the water of the mer gelée that forms and flows to the surface of the ocean.
01:38Before, it would help some icebergs.
01:41Or at least to slow down.
01:43But with the warming of the Arctic, there is less than Banquise to their road.
01:49So these new icebergs move more freely in the ocean.
02:02The glaciers of Groenland envoient more glace in the ocean.
02:06And anyone who sees Titanic knows why it is not really a good news.
02:12Well, we are not in 1912.
02:15And the icebergs are no longer a threat for modern ships than before.
02:19Sometimes, some estimates say that the risk of a rocket rocket a iceberg today
02:24is about 1 over 2000.
02:26Yes, it is low.
02:28But it does not mean that we can ignore the icebergs.
02:31They remain dangerous, especially because they are not in the same place.
02:35They derives and many are in large part hidden under the surface.
02:40When the waves are high, they are more difficult to see
02:43and they are not always clearly on the radar of a ship.
02:49If the number of icebergs increases significantly,
02:52the risk of a massive collision as severe as the Titanic increases also,
02:56especially in the isolated areas.
02:58And as soon as the Arctic becomes more accessible,
03:02the new maritime routes open up in other areas that are otherwise blocked by the ice.
03:06It may seem useful at first sight,
03:08but it also means that the ships can cross the areas
03:11with more dangerous ice dangerous areas.
03:15The problem is serious because there are also more navires in the sea.
03:19Let's take the Antarctic for example.
03:21Each year, more and more boats of cruise ships
03:23are heading towards the most cold sea continent.
03:26The number of passengers have passed
03:28from a few hundred in 1969 to more than 100.000 visitors in 2025.
03:36The most cruise ships are far away from the sea zones
03:40the most dangerous areas.
03:41But the ships must be more careful than ever.
03:45Now let's talk about the second reason
03:47for which the iceberg traffic is a big problem.
03:50It can affect the marine life.
03:55When we look at an iceberg,
03:57we could think that it's just ice.
03:59The ice is pure water.
04:01But it's not really the case.
04:04The icebergs can also transport
04:06parts of the earth.
04:08It may seem strange,
04:09but the glaciers act like the bulldozers giants.
04:12In moving on the ground,
04:14they're moving on the ground,
04:15they're moving on the ground,
04:15the gravier and the sediment.
04:17When a part of the glacier is detached,
04:20these materials can be buried in the iceberg.
04:23Then, the iceberg is coming from.
04:27During months, even years,
04:29it can transport these rocks into the ocean.
04:33And when they fall,
04:34these rocks fall and fall down to the bottom of the sea.
04:37We call them as the rocks of délestage.
04:42Some rocks falling in the ground
04:44in the ground of the sea,
04:44it doesn't seem very grave.
04:46But in eau profonde,
04:47it can have a real impact.
04:50Sur a study study
04:51at around 2400 mètres of depth,
04:54researchers have used
04:55cameras marine
04:56to observe the ocean.
04:59And they found that these rocks
05:01changed the habitat in depth.
05:04Before,
05:05there were only several rocks
05:06isolated,
05:07but today,
05:10researchers find the rocks
05:11much more important.
05:13Often,
05:14regrouped in small aggregates.
05:16And each new pierre
05:18creates a hard surface
05:19on the ground.
05:21It's important,
05:22because a large part
05:24of the oceanic
05:24is composed of
05:25sediment mous,
05:26in general,
05:27of the vase.
05:28For many marine creatures
05:29the vase
05:30is not ideal
05:31to get up and develop.
05:33But the rock hard
05:34is different.
05:35Eponges,
05:36anemones,
05:37vers
05:37and other animals
05:38can be installed.
05:40With the time,
05:41these groups
05:42of pierres
05:42become a small quartier
05:44for the creatures
05:44of profondeur.
05:46And the biodiversity
05:47can be increased.
05:50In the Antarctic,
05:52the icebergs
05:53géants
05:53can also serve
05:54as well.
05:56Some transport
05:57nutrients
05:57and
05:58minuscules
05:59minerals.
06:01In the fondant,
06:02they liberate
06:03these nutrients
06:03in the environment.
06:06It can nourish the
06:07phytoplankton,
06:08these minuscules
06:09organisms
06:10which float
06:11near the surface.
06:13And the phytoplankton
06:14is incredibly important.
06:16They form
06:17the base
06:18of the marine animal
06:18animals.
06:20The small animals
06:21eat,
06:22then the small animals
06:24eat,
06:24the small animals
06:25And at the end,
06:26this chain
06:27nourish the manchots,
06:28the phoes,
06:29the balees
06:30and other species.
06:32It seems positive,
06:33isn't it?
06:34Well,
06:35in part.
06:36It's there
06:37that it's complicated.
06:39The icebergs
06:40can create
06:40new habitats,
06:41but also destroy
06:42what already existed.
06:44In eau deep
06:45If the bottom
06:47iceberg
06:47can run
06:48the ocean
06:49dissuade
06:50and destroy
06:52animals
06:52who live.
06:53The icebergs
06:55can thus
06:55favorise life
06:56to a place
06:57and the other.
06:59That's why
07:00scientists
07:00are interested
07:01in their trajectories,
07:05their speed
07:05and the place
07:06where they fall.
07:08But
07:09following these large
07:10blocks of glass is difficult.
07:11And sometimes, the expectations are false.
07:14For example, for more than 10 years,
07:17researchers have simulated the trajectories
07:19and the fount of icebergs individuals in Antarctica.
07:23During all this time,
07:25they started from the idea that these icebergs
07:27didn't exceed about 250 meters of depth.
07:31And this hypothesis was based on the data
07:34of a low number of cruise ships.
07:37It seems that they were wrong.
07:41Some could exceed 450 meters of depth.
07:42The problem is that these icebergs
07:43could be much bigger than expected.
07:46Some could exceed 450 meters of depth.
07:51The problem is that icebergs also épais
07:53can easily escape on the fond Mara.
07:56And it doesn't affect only marine life, as we saw.
08:00It can also change the place where the iceberg falls.
08:03The icebergs can then liberate
08:05a little bit of water.
08:10And when the icebergs
08:12fall at different places,
08:13they can change the stratification of the ocean.
08:17Normally, the ocean can be mixed up
08:20from the surface to the bottom.
08:22But the ice icebergs
08:24which fonds
08:25tend to stay in the surface
08:27because it is less light than the salt.
08:29So,
08:30we are now with the clouds
08:31of cold and cold
08:33and cold
08:33and the clouds
08:34of cold and cold
08:35in deep.
08:37The problem
08:38is that these clouds
08:39make the ocean
08:40and the ocean
08:41can't be mixed up.
08:41So,
08:42the ocean of the depths
08:43remain in the bottom
08:45and leads to the base
08:47of the glacier platforms
08:48of Antarctica.
08:49When it happens,
08:50the ice can fall
08:51from below.
08:52And that's why
08:52scientists
08:53should better understand
08:54this phenomenon.
08:55Because the ice icebergs
08:58and the icebergs
08:58affect the climate models
08:59affect the climate models.
09:00If these models
09:01don't show correctly
09:02where the ice icebergs
09:03form,
09:04form or disappear,
09:06they might not
09:07predict the evolution
09:08of Antarctica
09:08and the ocean
09:10around.
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