00:00How did Luxembourg's territory change over time? Luxembourg was once part of the Holy Roman Empire,
00:05and they were a very powerful duchy at the time, so powerful that several Holy Roman Emperors were
00:11Luxembourgish. But Luxembourg was soon conquered and spent 400 years under foreign rule, until it
00:17regained autonomy after Napoleon's defeat. They then joined the German Confederation, and Prussian
00:22troops came to defend Luxembourg's city. In 1830, Belgium rebelled against the Netherlands and took
00:29over half of Luxembourg, but they couldn't attack the Prussians in Luxembourg city, and Luxembourg was
00:34forced to give up the territory. In 1867, the Dutch king wanted to sell Luxembourg to France, but this
00:40made Germany angry, almost leading to a war. Luxembourg was instead made neutral. During World
00:47War I and World War II, they were occupied by Germany, but were returned after both wars. Realizing that
00:53neutrality can't protect them, they became one of the founding members of NATO and the European Union,
00:59the European Union.
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