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Der Schafhof in St. Peter – ein Schwarzwaldhof wie aus dem Bilderbuch, seit Generationen in Familienbesitz.
Altbauer Urban Gremmelspacher staunte, als seine Tochter Tamara weitermachen wollte mit dem Betrieb,
jedoch anders als bisher: nämlich mit einer Kommune.
Tamara setzte sich durch.
Seit mehr als zwei Jahren lebt eine Gruppe von Menschen auf dem Hof ihre Utopie von einer gerechten,
umweltverträglichen und kreativen Landwirtschaft.
Finanziell wird alles in einen Topf geworfen, Beschlüsse müssen einvernehmlich sein.
Das rechtliche Konstrukt mit einer nicht an die Familie gebundenen Hofübergabe ist bundesweit einzigartig.
Ein wichtiger Teil des Hofes war abgebrannt und musste neu gebaut und finanziert werden.
Auch in der Landwirtschaft mit den Tieren und mit der Natur läuft nicht immer alles wie geplant.
Wie lebt man in einer Kommune?
Die Visionär:innen erzählen von den Höhen und Tiefen bei der Umsetzung ihres Traumes. (03.10.2024)
Altbauer Urban Gremmelspacher staunte, als seine Tochter Tamara weitermachen wollte mit dem Betrieb,
jedoch anders als bisher: nämlich mit einer Kommune.
Tamara setzte sich durch.
Seit mehr als zwei Jahren lebt eine Gruppe von Menschen auf dem Hof ihre Utopie von einer gerechten,
umweltverträglichen und kreativen Landwirtschaft.
Finanziell wird alles in einen Topf geworfen, Beschlüsse müssen einvernehmlich sein.
Das rechtliche Konstrukt mit einer nicht an die Familie gebundenen Hofübergabe ist bundesweit einzigartig.
Ein wichtiger Teil des Hofes war abgebrannt und musste neu gebaut und finanziert werden.
Auch in der Landwirtschaft mit den Tieren und mit der Natur läuft nicht immer alles wie geplant.
Wie lebt man in einer Kommune?
Die Visionär:innen erzählen von den Höhen und Tiefen bei der Umsetzung ihres Traumes. (03.10.2024)
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LernenTranskript
00:01They are completely transforming an old farmhouse.
00:05A group of young people found a commune in the Black Forest.
00:09Collective instead of nuclear family, communal fund instead of private property,
00:14Organic farming instead of mass production.
00:17We are pioneers, and accordingly, our environment, which also supports us, are also pioneers.
00:24The sheep farm in St. Peter near Freiburg.
00:27For generations it has been passed down to the eldest son and farmed by the family.
00:46Daughter Tamara is doing things differently now.
00:49It is absolutely crucial that this project continues.
00:51And with that, we were able to slowly dispel my father's initial doubts and fears.
01:00Tamara's father, retired farmer Urban.
01:03He has to adjust to a completely new life.
01:07You might have certain ideas or wishes, and things don't always turn out the way you imagine.
01:12If you imagine it, and from my point of view it's simply important to have a viable way forward.
01:21This path means working hard together, implementing a new, unconventional farm concept, and finding ourselves as a group.
01:31The municipality faces opportunities, but also significant hurdles.
01:34How does she manage to achieve this pioneering feat on the sheep farm?
01:39Come, come, and remain calm.
01:47We're taking it easy here.
01:51Yeah, hey, you say when.
01:55Further.
01:55Early May.
01:57The cattle are allowed back out to pasture.
01:59The community lives mainly from raising mother cows.
02:06Teamwork is needed to ensure that the little calves are not trampled by the freedom-loving cows.
02:12And come, come, come.
02:15And come, come, come, come.
02:20And come, come, come.
02:25That worked out very well with the calves; that was actually the biggest concern.
02:29That's just how it always is.
02:32But let's not get too caught up in the herd mentality now.
02:35We now need to make sure we move forward and all stick together.
02:41The collective moved into the farm two years ago and now manages it.
02:46The farm and animals still belong to Tamara's father.
02:50Urban built up the herd of mother cows.
02:58Enjoy your summer.
03:00Many small farms are currently giving up because one family alone cannot manage the work.
03:06With their concept, the young people want to secure the future of the sheep farm.
03:14After all, it is one of the oldest farms in the area and looks back on a tradition of around 600 years.
03:24Instead of a farming family, a commune of ten adults and a few children now gathers regularly in the living room.
03:32for a meal together.
03:39Tamara already met some of them during her studies in organic agriculture.
03:45Some don't have a farm in the background and can now farm land in the community.
03:51Old farmer Urban Gremmelspacher has decided to live on the farm with the young people.
03:56However, in a completely renovated old section.
04:01For us, eating together is also a place where we meet, exchange ideas, chat, and also...
04:10Yes, this, well, it makes perfect sense if we live together, also that we share cooking duties and that a
04:15That person then always cooks for everyone.
04:17We do this consciously, and we also enjoy preparing good food together.
04:23Yes, well, for me this family line actually makes sense, since I don't have such a huge point of reference there and
04:29I think it was really important to people for centuries.
04:33I believe it's absolutely crucial that we nowadays also have the freedom to, for example, decide with
04:38who we want to live with.
04:39In our construct, we also call it a chosen family, meaning this kind of cohabitation based on friendships.
04:48I am explicitly not a member of the commune, but I don't yet understand everything that goes on and I live among the people.
04:55together.
04:57Yes, for me it's quite an adjustment, because I've been running the farm on a small scale for years.
05:05I managed the framework with my family.
05:08And now there are actually significantly more people, and these decision-making processes are also different from those in previous years.
05:15Things went a little differently when you're more or less alone in certain areas.
05:22Tamara doesn't want to simply inherit the farm, but rather to pool it. This complicates matters with the authorities.
05:30What poses a major challenge for us is that we cannot manage the farm in a traditional sense within the framework of
05:39to bequeath a farm to me as his daughter
05:42but that I and my fellow campaigner from the Schafhof community believe that land, space and also housing have nothing to do with it
05:51Private property lost.
05:56I think it's absolutely beautiful here, of course. I mean, I moved out here first, and then I was...
06:01I traveled a lot and also looked at other places.
06:04And look, here is also a great gift, namely being able to shape things and to continue an open, vibrant place.
06:13and to be able to create them anew.
06:14And I'm really looking forward to that.
06:16However, fate has thrown some obstacles in the way of the community.
06:21Tamara is on her way to the major construction site upstairs. Everything here needs to be renovated. Completely.
06:27The head of the construction working group, Peter, insists on using only ecological building materials.
06:34Yes, it's quite good. I'm very satisfied. I already tried something here two days ago and was
06:41and on other walls too. And yes, so far it's worked well.
06:44The reason for the expansion was a fire in the spring of 2021. The municipality had already moved in. Many lost their homes.
06:52This really affected people. Of course, something of it stuck with the children, for example, who then
06:58dreamed.
06:59But it's also stuck with the adults. Or there's always been this fear that it will strike.
07:03The fire might spread to the barn; animals will have to be evacuated.
07:06We were actually just about to hand over the farm. And then we had a few weeks to wait.
07:13We actually have months to do, to reorganize ourselves.
07:15Also, finding apartments for the people who could no longer live here in the building.
07:21And yes, also to some extent to process the shock.
07:27The expansion ties up resources and costs money. More than the insurance coverage provides.
07:33For the municipality, which was just about to really get going, this was a bitter blow.
07:40Improvisational skills are required. Parts of the old building are intact and now serve as the group's central living space.
07:49Question: Why would anyone move to a commune in the first place?
07:54Because for me, being part of a community brings a sense of responsibility that I definitely missed at some point during my student days.
08:01So everything worked out perfectly. And I also lived in shared apartments for a long time, including larger ones, even with...
08:06lived here with some people from around here who have now ended up here.
08:09And that was perfect for the moment. But I longed for something more concrete about living together long-term and committing to a long-term relationship.
08:18to organize.
08:20Joris and I have been friends for a long time, and I was also in Witzenhausen at the time to meet this group of
08:28the many people who studied here, all around them.
08:32I didn't study myself, and Joris said, "Go there."
08:40And that's what we did, so Milena, my friend and I.
08:43Exactly, and then we were here and Tamara was here too, and we just started talking, a
08:50To drift into a bit of daydreaming.
08:51That's how this small group, as we now call it, came about.
09:01Nick's partner Milena manages the farm shop and is also convinced that coming here was the right step.
09:09Well, firstly, we have this feeling of togetherness, so exactly, we're standing there together in the plenary session.
09:22or rather, they sit and decide all sorts of things together.
09:27And because of that, it always feels like you have a backbone, a kind of support.
09:36Exactly, I think that's great.
09:38So, for me, a great deal has to do with being able to help shape this beautiful place.
09:44And indeed, that's something that's incredibly important to me, yes, something that's really at the forefront of my mind, that
09:56We are a large group here who can somehow continue this wonderful business.
10:02And I see that as a very great gift.
10:07Living together in a community needs rules. What do they look like?
10:13What I can show you here is our, our organizing board.
10:20Here we organize the weekly cooking and washing-up duties.
10:24People can always register there.
10:30Here we are dealing with the door of horrors, our cleaning schedule.
10:35It is important to us that we distribute household and care work equally among all people, so that
10:45This is not, as is so often the case, the responsibility of women.
10:50And accordingly, we have rotating cleaning timers here.
10:54And people can adjust it themselves, i.e., they can decide how dirty or messy they find it, by simply using [unclear - possibly referring to a specific setting or feature].
11:01move the bracket down to the corresponding color.
11:06A few rooms were spared from the fire.
11:09In a municipality, personal space is naturally limited.
11:14Here we have an example of a living area belonging to a commune member, who has her own kitchenette and dining area.
11:23And then another small, separate living unit. Just as an example.
11:38Yes, here is an example of how other communities live, namely in a single room, which is a bit different.
11:45It is smaller, but it also allows the use and connection of municipal premises.
11:51Yes, and then of course we hope that the living spaces will be completed in the summer, in August, from which people can move due to
11:58we had to move out because of the fire, and that we can finally live here on the farm again as a whole group.
12:04But that will take some time. Tamara herself lives in temporary accommodation, a garden shed.
12:11She retreats there to work on the complicated documents for the farm handover.
12:17There is hardly any prior knowledge she could draw upon.
12:22This model, in which farms are transferred into jointly managed ownership, is relatively new and also exists in this region.
12:34Not really practiced very often.
12:36So there is only one other example.
12:38And that's why it's relatively challenging to establish legal structures there, or in relation to that, to make contact with
12:50The office must be established.
12:52And that's where we face some challenges, but we are optimistic that we will manage them well.
13:02It's early summer and Nick is managing the pasture. Everything on the sheep farm revolves around ecology.
13:10This area is kind of our, well, actually a bit of our little nature conservation gem.
13:16It's just extremely small-scale and we basically have a swampy area here.
13:21Then we have drier slopes there.
13:23Then we have these structural things with the hedges everywhere.
13:26There's a pond up top, and there's another pond back there.
13:29Then streams like this flow down here.
13:30Somehow a forest appears.
13:32We can go in here.
13:37And exactly, we're trying to keep them as simple as possible.
13:44Nick checks on the cattle at least once a day.
13:49I need to find the cow with that ear.
13:53That's kind of it, I think it was this one.
13:59Well, what about the ear?
14:05Yes, that all looks good.
14:13Yes, well, with the cow, nobody knows exactly why, but she suddenly had a hole in her ear.
14:19I was simply injured, but it has completely healed.
14:23That's no longer a problem at all.
14:24And otherwise, I just keep an eye out to see if there are any more calves that don't make a good impression.
14:28That's not what you'd expect, but exactly.
14:34Agriculture, farm handover, construction site, all happening simultaneously.
14:37The community currently has a lot to deal with.
14:43At least things are progressing quickly on the construction site.
14:47The roof structure will be completely rebuilt.
14:50Using wood from our own forest.
14:54Specialists from the Black Forest have taken over the job and are completing the work quickly, within a few days.
15:03Peter, himself a trained carpenter, is impressed.
15:07This is the dismantling of the area around the fire.
15:10This also shows how powerful this supporting structure was and how unfortunate it is that it burned down.
15:14is.
15:17Exactly, but at the same time we're already at a point where we also need a new roof after new ones
15:22Achieve standards.
15:23And we've hired a very good company for this. We're glad they're doing this work.
15:28And they've already set up half a house, so to speak.
15:31And it has definitely become much more valuable.
15:36Great, then everyone can move back in soon. Or can they?
15:41As far as the interior work is concerned, we have unfortunately had to put a temporary construction halt on the schedule.
15:46The municipality is considering expanding the attic space to a larger size than before. This will take longer.
15:53Or should we restore the original state? A difficult decision.
15:57That's obviously tough, tiring, and annoying.
16:01Because, of course, we would have liked to simply be able to finish this construction project soon.
16:05This has been going on for quite some time now.
16:08And we've also just mentioned this uncertain status.
16:12The transfer of ownership has not yet been completed.
16:13In principle, we as a group are already investing in my parents' house.
16:18And that's exactly the problem, there are a lot of hidden agendas that don't make it easy for us.
16:22And for some, that means temporary accommodation for even longer.
16:27There are very different interests within the group.
16:34Decisions are discussed within the community until everyone can agree.
16:38This may take a while, but it ensures that everyone can ultimately accept the compromise.
16:48The question of expansion is therefore a longer process.
16:57However, the municipality has achieved a milestone elsewhere.
17:01Their fundraising campaign is underway.
17:03The large advertising banner can finally be erected.
17:14Because for the payment to the parents upon farm transfer, the transfer of the land into a cooperative
17:21And the many renovation projects require money and support from the young people.
17:30The campaign is a sophisticated concept consisting of donations, interest-free loans, and low-interest investments.
17:39The collective spent months working on it.
17:47It was a well-thought-out, but consequently also lengthy process before we even decided on this type of sponsorship.
17:58have
17:58and developed all of this in a way that suits us best.
18:01Exactly, and that's why we're so happy that things are becoming concrete and getting underway.
18:05The municipality is politically minded and absolutely does not want to become dependent on banks.
18:10The motto: better to have 100 friends at your back than a bank at your neck.
18:17For centuries, the family prayed, married, and gathered in the Schafhof chapel.
18:24This tradition is now coming to an end.
18:26But the farm is given a new chance for the future.
18:32It was already clear beforehand that the other siblings weren't really very interested.
18:38And then it turned out that it was indeed a possibility for the farm to continue to exist.
18:44And of course, which is also good for me, that she's there too.
18:49Sure, that's just the way things go in the end, that new ideas are brought in.
18:54And things should continue, and not everything can stay the same.
18:58That's correct.
19:00It's just that farming is incredibly hard work.
19:03And just such a small, diverse, and well-organized farm,
19:07as is the case with many Black Forest farms.
19:10And it soon became clear to me that I really wanted to,
19:15to continue caring for this place and see great potential in it
19:19and also, in a certain way, a responsibility.
19:22But at the same time, I couldn't imagine being a plant manager.
19:27And so the sheep farm is right in the middle of a major transformation.
19:33Actually, one would have to completely open up one of the walls again.
19:36A glass facade or something like that.
19:39And then, that it can be opened when events take place here.
19:47Change is also a topic in agriculture towards the end of summer.
19:51The climate is a cause for concern.
19:53The herd of mother cows needs to be moved to a new pasture much earlier than expected.
20:01We're a little anxious, so to speak, about the winter.
20:07Or not anxious, but we simply don't have as much food as we would like.
20:11We still need to react accordingly.
20:13It's possible that we'll reduce the number of animals so that what we have is a balanced mix.
20:21Or that we feed them hay, which is actually meant for the horses.
20:24Or that we buy in hay. Those are the options we have.
20:28It rained well in the spring.
20:29It also rained in early summer.
20:32But for about a month and a half now, nothing has come down at all.
20:37Or at most, a brief, light shower.
20:39But nothing that replenishes the supplies or that really leads to good growth here on the grassland.
20:48We're preparing this now simply so that we can actually use it.
20:55Will the hay be enough to sustain the herd through the winter?
20:57This is an important question, because the cattle are the economic foundation of the farm.
21:07Milena manages the farm shop, where organic beef from pasture-raised cattle is sold, and also takes it to the market.
21:14You can even slaughter your own sheep at the sheep farm.
21:18We are currently in the middle of slaughtering season and are very active in advertising at the moment.
21:27that we reach the people.
21:30Of course, the rising prices don't leave us in peace either.
21:38Which means we simply have to do a lot of advertising.
21:43that we can get the people who want to buy our animals.
21:47Milena regularly sells the products at the farmers' market in St. Peter.
21:55Joris and Nick check at the end of September how much food they ultimately have available.
22:02Their concerns from early summer have been confirmed.
22:06The year was simply far too dry.
22:10Consequently, the hay harvest was also meager.
22:15And so, the situation that both of them had feared all along came to pass for the winter.
22:25We take the first cut for cattle feeding very early in the year, even before the hay cutting, so in June.
22:34the silage.
22:35And then, actually much later, in late summer, the second cut for silage.
22:44And because it was so dry, it failed completely.
22:48We simply couldn't take him.
22:50We are very lucky that we mowed a relatively large area in the first cut.
22:54But there is effectively a lack of cattle feed.
22:59Tamara's mother Arkenes is coming to visit.
23:02She has been divorced from Urban for a long time, but takes an active interest in the changes on the farm and in the
23:09Municipality.
23:11After all, she was a farmer here for 20 years.
23:16Tamara has good news regarding the farm handover.
23:22So, we went to the office last week and had this preliminary meeting.
23:27And it was super good.
23:30So the responsible person understood exactly what we wanted and that it was about securing the
23:36Hofes is leaving.
23:37And indeed, he is fully positive about it and said that the construct will go through.
23:42That's great, what a relief!
23:44Yes, well, that did involve a lot of preparation.
23:48And you were all really looking forward to the date.
23:51You're on the home stretch, so to speak.
23:54Yes.
23:55That's great, I'm glad to hear that.
23:58Agnes agreed with the commune from the very beginning.
24:01Tamara has experienced firsthand what it means to run and work on a family business.
24:09And I think it became clear to her very soon that she simply didn't want to live that way and not
24:14can live.
24:15As a person, you really hold yourself back then.
24:18So you have to put your interests and hobbies on the back burner.
24:24And from that perspective, I personally think it's a very good thing that it continues in this form, that the
24:29The work is distributed among many shoulders.
24:32My mom's reaction was definitely very cool, and certainly also due to the fact that the farm
24:39Because so many family generations had passed on my father's side, he was initially very reserved and cautious.
24:47I think what was absolutely clear was that it's absolutely crucial that things continue here.
24:53This allowed us to gradually dispel my father's initial doubts and fears.
25:00End of the year. There were highs and lows at the sheep farm.
25:05But overall, the municipality is on the right track.
25:08The herd got off lightly once again.
25:11The municipality had to sell five oxen, thus reducing the number of animals.
25:18Then the tables turned.
25:23The hay will be enough for the rest of the herd.
25:26The worst was prevented.
25:31We were simply lucky that it was quite damp well into autumn and that the plants grew well afterwards.
25:37And simply because the weather was such that the animals could stay outside for a long time.
25:43And that's why we basically arrived at the barn almost a month later than we had originally planned.
25:48And that definitely saved us a bit in the food situation.
25:52The new calves have even arrived.
25:56The herd is growing again. A new cycle begins.
26:02The community is also experiencing growth.
26:04For example, Sabrina, who joined in with great enthusiasm.
26:20My research focuses on cohousing projects.
26:24and, in my search for a way of life for myself, I looked at several projects throughout Europe.
26:32And the community was actually one of the first projects.
26:35And I immediately fell in love with it, and then looked at many more things.
26:39But that's how it ultimately stayed.
26:42Exactly.
26:46The founding group is delighted that their project is so attractive that new people are eager to join.
27:01I'm realizing now that this is something that's really good for us as a group.
27:06We found incredibly motivated people there, and they found us.
27:13And we're just having a really good drive together at the moment.
27:22Naturally, the community first checks and discusses together whether it's a good fit for living together.
27:28Ultimately, it's very intense.
27:32But after the first few months, things are looking pretty good for the new signings.
27:40Yes, we now have three new people who joined us in the fall for a trial year.
27:46And I think they've settled in quite well already.
27:54The situation on the upper floor remains unresolved.
27:57The group brought in external consultants for this.
28:01Moving in together will have to wait.
28:03I would love to be here again, and we were just talking about that.
28:07that we might be able to approach the construction site in stages.
28:10And yes, I'm keen for us to get an apartment finished again as quickly as possible.
28:15and we can move back over again.
28:18That's definitely a need.
28:21The first hint of spring is now in the air.
28:25Tamara is pruning the fruit trees.
28:27The municipality cultivates old varieties.
28:32Finally, she no longer has to sit in the office for endless hours.
28:36The most important steps have been taken.
28:43So, the current status of the farm handover is that we have actually clarified most of the points.
28:48which is very cool.
28:49So, we sorted out the payout to the departing heirs with my parents, so to speak.
28:57so that the amount is a good fit for both sides and all contracts are prepared as far as possible.
29:04They are now with the notary, who is combining them all into one overall contract.
29:09And then we're also currently waiting for another office.
29:12But we are on the right track and our fundraising campaign has also gotten off to a great start.
29:16Exactly, so now you really just need a little patience.
29:20And then Schafhof finally becomes an officially registered municipality.
29:26A pioneering achievement for new paths in agriculture.
29:43Subtitles by ZDF, 2020
29:44Subtitles by ZDF, 2020
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