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Tuesday, May 27th, 1913

What will be the defense of Leo M. Frank when he is called upon next month to answer to the charge of strangling little Mary Phagan?

With the confident announcement of the police Monday that they had completed a case against the factory superintendent that was as conclusive as it possibly could be without the testimony of actual eyewitnesses of the crime, this question naturally is being asked to-day by everyone who has any interest in the mystery, and that means practically every person in Atlanta.

The people will not get their answer from Luther Z. Rosser, the close-lipped and able attorney of Frank, until the trial actually begins. But even at this early date, when only the vaguest of hints have been given as to the course that will be followed in the battle to free Frank from all suspicion, it is patent that there are many openings offered the defense for attacks upon the theories of the State.

Burden of Proof on State.

Those who are close to the daily developments in Atlanta's baffling murder mystery and who venture to predict the line of defense that will be offered are bearing in mind that, in the first place, the great burden of proof is upon the prosecution and not upon the defense.

It is absolutely necessary, due to the protection with which the law has hedged everyone under suspicion of crime, that the State in some manner, by some piece of evidence, connect Frank directly with the crime or establish his connection beyond a reasonable doubt.

Until the State is able to do this, Luther Z. Rosser may rest on his oars if he so desires. Leo Frank is innocent this moment in the eyes of the law. His innocence does not need to be proved. It is presumed.

It immediately becomes a question, therefore, as to whether the State really has made out a case against Frank, so far as can be judged from the evidence in the hands of the public. Have the detectives by any of their discoveries connected Frank directly with the crime? Have they assembled such a chain of circumstantial incidents as to make his guilt appear certain beyond a reasonable doubt?

Frank's Friends Deny Connection.

Those interested in the defense of Frank answer both questions emphatically in the negative. Not one thing has been found, they declare, that connects Frank directly with the mysterious strangling. Nor do they regard the circumstantial evidence seriously.

The law will not permit Frank's conviction for the crime merely because the detectives have discovered that he had the opportunity. It will not permit his conviction, if no convincing evidence is found against him, merely because he is unable to put his hands on another man and say, "This is the man you want. He is the guilty person."

It is not the intention of the law to hang one man simply because no one else can be found who is the more likely culprit.

Transcript
00:00State Faces Big Task and Trial of Frank a Slayer, Atlanta, Georgian, Tuesday, May 27, 1913.
00:06What will be the defense of Leo M. Frank when he is called upon next month to answer to the
00:11charge of strangling little Mary Fagan? With the confident announcement of the police Monday that
00:16they had completed a case against the factory superintendent that was as conclusive as it
00:20possibly could be, without the testimony of actual eyewitnesses of the crime, this question
00:26naturally is being asked today by everyone who has any interest in the mystery, and that means
00:31practically every person in Atlanta. The people will not get their answer from Luther Z. Rosser,
00:36the close-lipped and able attorney of Frank, until the trial actually begins. But even at this early
00:42date, when only the vaguest of hints have been given as to the course that will be followed in
00:47the battle to free Frank from all suspicion, it is patent that there are many openings offered the
00:53defense for attacks upon the theories of the state, burden of proof on state. Those who are close to
00:58the daily developments in Atlanta's baffling murder mystery, and who venture to predict the line of
01:03defense that will be offered, are bearing in mind that in the first place, the great burden of proof
01:08is upon the prosecution, and not upon the defense. It is absolutely necessary, due to the protection with
01:15which the law has hedged everyone under suspicion of crime, that the state, in some manner, by some
01:20piece of evidence, connect Frank directly with the crime, or establish his connection beyond a
01:25reasonable doubt. Until the state is able to do this, Luther Z. Rosser may rest on his oars, if he
01:31so desires. Leo Frank is innocent this moment in the eyes of the law. His innocence does not need to
01:37be proved. It is presumed. It immediately becomes a question, therefore, as to whether the state really
01:42has made out a case against Frank, so far as can be judged from the evidence in the hands of
01:47the
01:47public. Have the detectives, by any of their discoveries, connected Frank directly with the
01:52crime? Have they assembled such a chain of circumstantial incidents as to make his guilt
01:56appear certain beyond a reasonable doubt? Frank's friends deny connection. Those interested in the
02:02defense of Frank answer both questions emphatically in the negative. Not one thing has been found,
02:07they declare, that connects Frank directly with the mysterious strangling. Nor do they regard the
02:13circumstantial evidence seriously. The law will not permit Frank's conviction for the crime,
02:18merely because the detectives have discovered that he had the opportunity. It will not permit
02:23his conviction, if no convincing evidence is found against him, merely because he is unable to put his
02:28hands on another man and say, this is the man you want. He is the guilty person. It is not
02:34the
02:34intention of the law to hang one man simply because no one else can be found who is the more
02:38likely
02:39culprit. After the state has presented its reasons for believing in the guilt of Frank,
02:44it is regarded as likely that the defense will claim first of all that the state has failed to
02:48establish Frank's connection with the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. The defense will represent that
02:54the most the state has done is to establish that he had the opportunity to commit the murder.
02:59Frank never was seen with the girl, either on the day of the strangling or before. It is not known
03:04that he ever spoke to her except in connection with her work. Nothing was found to point the finger
03:09of accusation directly at Frank, so far as the public has been informed. None of Frank's clothing
03:14has been found with bloodstains upon it. No fingerprints upon the girl's body or her clothes
03:19were identified as his. None of this personal belonging were found near the girl's body.
03:24Absolutely nothing was discovered in the search of the detectives that fastened the crime on him.
03:29Own admission caused arrest. The police possibly would never even have known that
03:34Frank was the last person to see Mary Fagan, so far as is known, had it not been for his
03:39own
03:39free admission. He told the officers the moment he identified the body, that that was the girl he
03:45paid at noon the day before. No one else knew that Mary Fagan was in the building at that time,
03:50so far as the evidence reveals. Frank did not have to tell if he had desired to conceal the fact.
03:56The defense, therefore, will be in a position to ask, should not this admission, given freely and
04:02voluntarily, be regarded as an indication of innocence rather than as an admission of guilt,
04:07as the detectives have considered it up to this time? Is a guilty man likely to tell the officers
04:12as soon as he is approached that he saw the girl and talked with her when there is no need
04:16of such an
04:17admission? If the state attempts to show that the murder was committed between twelve and one o'clock
04:22Saturday afternoon, as one of the theories contends, the defense will be able to argue that there were
04:27several other people in the factory at the time, this fact opening the way to the argument that if
04:32the crime was committed at this time it need not have been Frank who did it, and to another argument
04:37that Frank would have been very unlikely to attack the girl when he knew there were other persons in
04:43the factory at the time who might discover him, may prove an alibi. Should the state seek to prove that
04:49the murder was committed in the evening, as the affidavits obtained from Mrs. Mima Fomby indicate may be
04:54done, the defense will be able to establish a very strong alibi for the suspected man from the
04:59testimony of seven persons who are said to have been at Frank's house Saturday evening playing a
05:04game of cards. Several of them already have testified before the coroner's jury, and all of them are said
05:10to be willing to give their testimony in court, to the effect that they saw Frank come home that
05:15evening about the time he said in his statement to the coroner's jury, and that he remained home the
05:20remainder of the evening to the best of their knowledge. This will bring it to an issue of
05:25veracity between Mrs. Mima Fomby and these seven persons, who are persons of reputation and standing
05:31in the community, if indeed the testimony of Mrs. Fomby is allowed admission, which appears doubtful.
05:37Mrs. Fomby swore in her affidavit that Frank called her on the telephone several times between
05:426.30 and 10.30 o'clock the Saturday night of the murder, asking her for permission to bring a
05:48girl
05:48to her place. She testified that she denied the request. It is between these hours that Frank has
05:54a very well-established alibi from all appearances, another motive possible. The defense also will be
06:00in a position to suggest that there might have been another motive for the crime than the one
06:04generally accepted. No physician has stated positively that he was certain of any conclusions
06:09from his examination of the body either immediately after the crime or at the times the body was
06:13exhumed. Added to this fact is the unexplained circumstance that the girl's purse never has
06:19been found. It contained only the wages she had drawn that day, to be sure, but even this small
06:25amount might prove an incentive to some persons, the defense very likely will argue, and it is not at
06:30all certain that the robber, if robbery was the motive, had any idea that the amount he would obtain
06:36would be so small. Is it probable that Frank would have taken the trouble to hide the girl's purse when
06:41it could not have incriminated in any way any particular persons had it been lying near her body?
06:47Is a question that can be put to the jurors in this connection. The defense also will fight
06:52against the introduction of much of the character testimony that was permitted to go before the
06:56coroner's jury. Frank's attorneys will attack the identification of Frank made by Officer House of
07:02Druid Hills Park on the grounds of its utter improbability. Will attack Officer. They will question
07:08the ability of House to identify a man he has seen only once and after a lapse of two years.
07:13They will attack the probabilities of a man of Frank's standing, permitting himself to be seen in
07:18company with a girl in short skirts. They will question the probability of his admitting his
07:23identity to the officer and saying, I am Leo Frank, superintendent of the National Pencil Factory,
07:29when his main concern naturally would have been to keep his identity secret.
07:33Probabilities are bound to play a large part in the trial, declare those interested in the mystery,
07:38for it is very much on a sequence of probabilities that the police are basing their expectations of
07:43convicting Frank. Even should the state be able to prove beyond a doubt that it was Frank whom the
07:48park guard discovered in company with a young girl two years ago, the defense will still be able
07:53to say that this fact no more connects Frank with the murder than it does hundreds of other persons.
07:58The announcement of the detectives themselves that they do not place implicit confidence in
08:02the so-called confession of the Negro, James Conley, makes it unlikely that the trial will have
08:08anything to do with his statement that he wrote notes at the dictation of Frank the day before the
08:12murder. Centelle may yet be witness. Laying aside the possibility of a premeditated murder,
08:19which no one had even suggested up to the time of the Negro's alleged confession,
08:23the friends of Frank, and those who are without personal interest as well, scouted the idea that
08:28Frank, who is an intelligent and shrewd man, would take in an ignorant Negro into his confidence and
08:34do everything but tell him that he was going to commit a murder on the next day. It is rumored
08:39that
08:39E.L. Centelle may yet figure in the case again. Centelle is the man who declared positively before the
08:44coroner's jury that he saw Mary Fagan shortly before midnight the night of the murder. Centelle knew
08:50Mary Fagan from infancy. He said that he could not be mistaken in her identification. He testified
08:56that he met her on the street in company with some man, and that the said, Hello, Mary, and that
09:01she
09:01replied, Hello, editor. This testimony would appear quite conclusive were it not for the statements of
09:07the physicians that the girl must have been dead at least six hours when found. It is known, however,
09:12that some confidence is still being placed in his statements.
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