00:06Here fell, struck by a wicked hand, married Vincenzo, taking with him the last embrace of the blue space.
00:33Illiteracy. The level of education in Calabria, with 32 illiterates per 100 inhabitants, corresponds today to that of Piedmont in
00:411881.
01:00Emigration, disastrous for Calabria, a continuous, desperate form of tax evasion.
01:14The mafia demands money and blood. The mafia, also known as the Drangheta, guarantees protection and justice where order and justice are lacking.
01:22officers are helpless.
01:28A barbaric custom. Beyond folklore, the mafia is the consequence of the social oblivion in which the State
01:34he left the Calabrian people.
01:36For centuries. The romantic figures of the underworld have almost disappeared. The accountant, the master of swindle, the day-to-day teacher
01:44with his distinctive handkerchief, his mysterious tattoos.
01:47The three cardinal points of the Mafia are engraved on his right hand: Osso, Mastrosso, Carcagnosso.
01:55But what remains of the Calabrian mafia today is far from romantic. Harassment, blackmail, intimidation, and the imposition of guards.
02:03What is guardianship?
02:05A man of prestige imposes himself on an owner of vegetable gardens, livestock, citrus fruits, olives to supervise the
02:10his property.
02:11The owner is forced to pay the guard for a job that he does not do, because the guard's prestige is enough
02:17to prevent theft and damage.
02:19The guard also intervenes in the sales of the product, ensuring that it goes to whom he says and under the conditions he sets.
02:26And woe betide the owner who opposes.
02:29It ranges from theft to cutting down plants, and today even to TNT.
02:49Even the street vendors who run popular markets are often forced to pay the pimps a bribe,
02:56mafia tax.
03:03In every center, in every area, there is an undisputed and prestigious leader to whom the various 'ndranghettisti pay their respects.
03:09a percentage of the proceeds and apply to be authorized for illegal activities.
03:13The 'Ndrangheta boss resolves disputes between mafiosi and his prestige serves to smooth over any disputes.
03:19Fathers of seduced girls, those who have been robbed, and quarrelsome spouses turn to him.
03:30Mintonazzo Chiappalone was the head of the Calabrian mafia during fascism.
03:37He was killed by his right-hand man Natale Gioffre.
03:42A relative of Gioffre, Gioffre himself, was eliminated by Chiappalone's followers.
04:13At the time of Intonazzo Chiappalone and also recently, the choice of the ndrangheta boss took place on September 2nd in Polsi, during
04:20the feast of the Virgin.
04:21Today, after numerous rustic duels that have raised suspicions among the police, the meeting also takes place elsewhere, but always during
04:28a party.
04:29This bringing together, on the same occasion, mafia forces and supernatural forces is typical of Calabrian beliefs.
04:35Man must attract to his side, he must make friends with prayers and gifts, all the powers.
04:46Groups of notables with specific social responsibilities have relationships with the honored society and form the Santa.
04:53However, in official circles, like the Sicilian Mafia once did, the 'Ndrangheta does not exist.
05:05The mafia organization is completely ignored and nothing is done to fight it.
05:10Only in a few judicial rulings is it possible to find fleeting references to the Mafia.
05:24The police delude themselves into thinking they can attack the mafia organization with spectacular pranks in an attempt to capture some bandits.
05:42These operations are not very different from those carried out at the beginning of the century against famous brigands.
05:48There was a reward of 50,000 lire on the bandit Mussolino.
05:51For years, protected by the shepherds of Aspromonte, he escaped arrest.
05:54He was captured when he left Calabria.
05:58The size system still exists.
06:00Despite a three million prize, no one betrayed Domenico Maesano.
06:04Five murders, all revenge.
06:07It is called the beast of Aspromonte.
06:11With a reward it was hoped to capture the bandit Angelo Macri,
06:14who in the meantime had emigrated from Delia Nova to America with the help of the mafia.
06:20He's as handsome as a movie actor, the women of Delia Nova said of him.
06:25Omertà protects bandits even in inhabited areas.
06:38Leaving aside the causes that originate banditry,
06:41governments are limited to manhunts.
06:46Pietro Corso has been missing for 14 years.
06:49It is said that he was killed for guardianship reasons.
06:52Antonio Piromalli
06:54He shot at those responsible for his father's death and accidentally killed an old woman.
07:00Antonio Impernato
07:02He killed someone who was demanding a bribe from one of his protégés.
07:06He is a fugitive.
07:11Antonio Gioffre
07:12To avenge the man murdered by Impernato, he killed his brother and turned himself in.
07:18The same prisons, the same methods used for Mussolini.
07:22In 1909, from his life sentence, Mussolini himself wrote to the king that in order to put an end to crime
07:27We needed education for all, jobs, and a stable economy.
07:30But how could the king listen to the words of a brigand?
07:34Even the complaints of the most illustrious Southerners fell on deaf ears.
08:05The bandits
08:07The murderers must be caught.
08:09But this must not hide the inability to initiate a widespread social remediation.
08:14In reality, there is always a very close link between banditry and the mafia.
08:17The first link in a blood chain is sometimes determined by rivalries between members of the 'Andrangheta.
08:22The subsequent crimes, although almost exclusively based on revenge, matured in a mafia mentality and environment.
08:30Even women are faithful to the laws of hatred that they accepted by climbing to the top dressed in white.
08:35A quick pause between the black before and the black after.
08:41How many widows are there in Castellace?
08:43A town of about a thousand inhabitants at the foot of the Aspromonte.
08:46Dozens dead.
08:48Every street, every corner of the country is linked to a history of blood.
08:52The protagonists and victims were the Mammoliti, the Barbaro, the Cutri, the Barca, and the Ferrinde.
08:59Shootings and clashes with the police, murders, rapes, endless feuds.
09:08The houses of the rival families are close together, almost all with the black band of mourning and in a concentration of
09:13unquenchable hatreds.
09:20To avenge the death of his brother Francesco, killed due to mafia rivalries,
09:25Giuseppe Barca has eliminated Vincenzo and Sebastiano Licastro, Pasquale and Natale Cutri
09:30and attempted to kill Giuseppe Licastro and Antonino Barbaro.
09:34Giuseppe Barbaro is said to have killed Vincenzo Mammoliti
09:37and Barbaro was murdered while he was going to visit his lover Alfonsina Vaccari.
09:56Poverty, illiteracy, it is not enough to explain these deaths, this violence.
10:02In reality, murder is the most desperate and primitive form of protest of the Calabrian man.
10:07By killing, he kills the fear he has of life, of his isolation, he breaks the uniformity of misery and humiliation.
10:14By killing, for a brief moment outside of time, outside of history, he feels free and master.
10:25Numbers can perhaps better convey a social reality.
10:29In the province of Reggio Calabria alone, 214 murders were recorded between 1960 and 1965,
10:36357 attempted murders and 1749 injuries.
10:40Frightening figures when compared to a population that barely exceeds half a million.
10:45Figures even higher than those of Palermo,
10:47which has a population almost double and is considered the center of Sicilian mafia crime.
10:53In this context the 'ndrangheta modernizes,
10:56without abandoning the traditional income from the orange and olive groves of the plain,
11:01invade the city areas, just as the garden mafia did in Sicily.
11:05Construction is one of the main sources of profit.
11:09Giuseppe Trimarchi was recently killed over disputes over supplies for a construction site.
11:19Road haulage, another realm of the urbanized mafia,
11:22The Chiappalone family had the exclusive right to transport gravel, ousting the Altomonte family.
11:31In a shootout, the Chiappalone brothers were mortally wounded by the Altomontes.
11:41Other sources of profit for the new 'ndrangheta are scams against insurance companies.
11:45and as in Naples, as in Palermo, the control of the fruit and vegetable markets.
12:08The new mafia does not even spare modern Calabria, the highway construction sites.
12:23It has been said that Calabria represents a home-grown colonial situation
12:27and for Italy at the same time Algeria and Louisiana.
12:31A cynical homeland, a homeland that is elsewhere,
12:35a homeland that expels its children in an emigration that has become an exodus.
12:39The 'ndrangheta has always appeared and still appears
12:41as one of the few means of personal affirmation.
12:44His permanence demonstrates that Calabria remains steadfast.
12:49A new society and therefore a new mentality,
12:51no longer obsessed with the fear of life,
12:54from secret and asocial protections,
12:56will begin to manifest itself only with the disappearance of these criminal forms.
13:32The process of wearing away of archaic structures is laboriously underway.
13:36The old mafia, which unlike the honorable Sicilian society
13:40it is almost always in opposition to state authority,
13:43is losing its power,
13:45but is replaced by gangster forms
13:47and misery, national servitude, arbitrariness and privilege,
13:50they still resist, isolating the individual in a world without outlets.
13:561966.
13:58Today Calabria faithfully reflects the legacy of the society of privilege,
14:03of colonial privilege and social privilege.
Commenti