00:05If you've got a question and you don't know where to go,
00:08Ask Nina for some help, cause she's got a science show.
00:11She makes sense of her senses, while helping all her fans,
00:14By doing her experiments, with potions and with bags.
00:17Touch her tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose.
00:23Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:26Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:30He helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch.
00:33Ollie sniffs our snows and sends some bells she hears so much.
00:36But it's Ollie's brother and he helps us with our taste.
00:38Then he does the neurons and they're coming to your place.
00:41Touch her tongue, fingers, eyes, ears, nose.
00:47Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:50Nina and the neurons find out what you need to know.
00:53Oh, yeah!
00:56Oh, hello. I'm just examining my rock collection.
01:00I'm rather proud of it, actually.
01:01It's amazing what can be found underground.
01:05Oh!
01:10I hear a beep. I see a flash.
01:12I wonder what they're going to ask.
01:16Hi, Nina.
01:17Hello.
01:18We've got a question for you, Nina.
01:20Why are we told to drink milk?
01:22That's a great question.
01:24Why are we told to drink milk?
01:26Oh, why don't you come down to the lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate.
01:30See you soon, Nina. Bye.
01:34Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one and I know just who to ask.
01:38OK, neurons, time to get to work.
02:00OK, today's question is, why are we told to drink milk?
02:04Now, which neuron do you think will be most useful in helping us find the answer?
02:07Me, me, me, me.
02:09Will it be Fabulous Felix?
02:12I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.
02:16Will it be Beautiful Belle?
02:18I send messages to Brain from ear.
02:20If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.
02:22Will it be Lovely Look?
02:24For looking unseen, day or night, I'll help you with your sense of sight.
02:29Will it be Awesome Ollie?
02:31If it's Pony or Whiffy, but you can't tell, my messages help your sense of smell.
02:36Or will it be Baby Bud?
02:37Salty, salty, bitter or sweet.
02:40I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.
02:45It's Bud.
02:46Yippee!
02:49Go Bud.
02:50Go Bud.
02:51Go Bud.
02:52Go Bud.
02:53Go Bud.
02:54Go Bud.
02:55Go Bud.
02:57Give me a taste of the action, Nina.
03:00Today's question is, why are we told to drink milk?
03:03Now, I've chosen Bud to help me because milk is something we drink and taste.
03:07Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.
03:12Lily loves kittens.
03:14Her friend Casey loves spaghetti bolognese.
03:17But they both want to find out why we're told to drink milk.
03:20So today, for one day only, Lily and Casey become the experimenters.
03:27Hi, Nina.
03:28Oh, welcome to my science lab.
03:30Come in.
03:32Now, you asked, why are we told to drink milk?
03:37Well, why do you want to know?
03:38Because my mummy's always telling me to drink milk.
03:41I like orange juice better.
03:43Well, I like milk and orange juice.
03:45And apple juice and grape juice and pineapple juice.
03:49That's right, Bud.
03:50There are lots of lovely drinks.
03:52So I wonder why your parents want you to drink milk in particular.
03:56I think we need to investigate to find out more.
03:58And for our first experiment, we're going to use our senses.
04:02Whoop-whoop!
04:03A senses experiment.
04:05We're ready, Nina.
04:06OK, who can tell me what colour milk is?
04:09White.
04:10White.
04:11White, yeah.
04:12Milk is white.
04:14Now, does milk smell of anything?
04:16Have a smell.
04:17It smells like milk.
04:19Yeah.
04:21It smells delicious, but it's really hard to describe.
04:26Now, what about the taste?
04:28Taste is like milk.
04:30It's like a creamy taste.
04:32Of course, orange juice comes from oranges that grow on trees.
04:36But where does milk come from?
04:38Cows.
04:39That's right.
04:40Milk often comes from cows.
04:41But we can drink milk from other animals,
04:43like sheep's milk and goat's milk.
04:46And all these different milks have something in common.
04:48They have something special in them that we can't see.
04:51It's called calcium.
04:53Have you ever heard of calcium before?
04:55No.
04:56Well, I think calcium might be the reason that you're told to drink milk.
04:59So come this way.
05:02Now, we're all wearing our safety goggles for this experiment.
05:05And I've also got my safety gloves on.
05:08Now, this is calcium.
05:12And this calcium comes from the ground.
05:15Doesn't look much like milk, does it?
05:17No, Nina.
05:18What does it look like?
05:20It looks silvery.
05:22Yeah.
05:23Like little silvery hard lumps.
05:26And this is what calcium looks like on its own.
05:28Now, we don't normally see it like this.
05:30It's normally in other things.
05:32Like milk.
05:34Like milk.
05:35And then it looks very different.
05:38Now, would you like to see me make some calcium disappear?
05:41Yes, Nina.
05:43Yes, Nina.
05:43Nina's going to do a magic trick.
05:51What can you see happening?
05:53It's fizzing.
05:55Bubbles are getting bigger and then popping and making the steam come out.
05:58So the water made the hard piece of silvery calcium fizz up.
06:03And the water and calcium have joined together and made this cloudy white liquid.
06:08So what colour is water normally?
06:11No colour.
06:12That's right.
06:13Water doesn't have a colour.
06:15So this white colour must come from the calcium.
06:19But I said I'd make the calcium disappear, didn't I?
06:23Yeah.
06:23OK.
06:25I'm just going to add a little bit of vinegar.
06:31And then give it a little stir.
06:34Ta-da!
06:35It's like magic!
06:37It's science, Bud.
06:39But it's still pretty cool, isn't it?
06:41Yeah.
06:42So calcium is hard and silvery grey.
06:45But then when it's mixed with things like water, it changes and can even turn invisible.
06:51So we know that there's calcium in milk, even though we can't see it.
06:55But how does it get there?
06:57Oh, I know somewhere a bit dark and spooky that might help us find out.
07:02Let's go, experimenters!
07:09Here we go.
07:10I can't wait to see where we'll end up today.
07:13Nina said it would be dark.
07:16And spooky!
07:17And there'd be goblins and witches and...
07:21Don't be silly, Bud.
07:22Nina wouldn't take us anywhere scary.
07:25I brought you to these caves to see some amazing science.
07:29And we're going to go down under the ground to see it.
07:32You're not afraid, are you?
07:33No.
07:35Oh, excellent.
07:36And you guys look like very brave experimenters.
07:39So come on, let's go in.
07:51It feels rather cool down here.
07:54That's because the sun doesn't shine underground, Felix.
07:57Oh, wait, did you hear something?
08:00It's water dripping.
08:02Yes, and if we follow the sound of the dripping water, then we should find what we're looking for.
08:08This way!
08:14Wow, cool!
08:16Oh, wow!
08:17Oh, what is it?
08:19Is it scary?
08:20Can I lick?
08:22Oh, Bud, they're not scary at all.
08:25They're called stalactites and stalagmites.
08:28And they're found in underground caves like these.
08:31And they have calcium in them.
08:33Now, remember I was telling you earlier that calcium is found in the ground.
08:37Now, the ground is usually below us.
08:40But as we've come down into these caves, the ground is now above us and below us.
08:48Stalactites and stalagmites are made when special water from the ground above us drips into these caves.
08:55And the water has calcium in it because it's travelled through the ground to get here, picking up calcium on
09:02the way.
09:02Over many, many years, the special water dries up, leaving these amazing, hard, pointy things.
09:10Now, do they remind you of something?
09:12Teeth that haven't been brushed very well.
09:15Yeah, they do look a bit like dirty giant teeth.
09:20Giant teeth? Oh, no!
09:23They just look like giant teeth, little Bud.
09:26Don't you want to see them?
09:28Whoa! They're amazing!
09:30Our teeth are a bit like stalagmites and stalactites because they have calcium in them too.
09:37Our bodies use calcium to make our teeth and our bones strong and hard.
09:41Is that why we're told to drink milk?
09:44Exactly!
09:45But how does the calcium get into the milk?
09:48Ah, well, I know an experiment that will help us answer this question.
09:51So let's go back to the lab for our final experiment.
09:58So here we have two beakers.
10:00Now, in this beaker is tap water and in this beaker is special water that you might find
10:06in the ground.
10:07Now, can you tell them apart?
10:09No.
10:10Ah, well, I think you might be able to after the experiment.
10:13So, goggles on, please.
10:16Now, we never drink out of experiment beakers, as that could be dangerous.
10:20So, I want you to pick up your special blowing tubes and blow into the beaker of water.
10:34Oh, okay, you can stop there, guys.
10:37Now, what's happened to the water?
10:39Mine's gone all whitish.
10:41And mine's just stayed the same.
10:43That's right.
10:45Now, this has gone all whitish because this water from the ground has calcium in it.
10:50And blowing air into the calcium water made it change and turn white.
10:55And, Lily, your water, the tap water, has stayed the same because it's got no calcium in it.
11:01But how does calcium get into our milk?
11:03Well, all the fruits and vegetables that we eat come from trees and plants like this one.
11:09Now, where do these grow?
11:11They come from ground.
11:12Yes, plants come from the ground.
11:14So, they drink water from the ground around them.
11:18Now, remember, when we visited the caves, we found out that water from the ground has calcium in it.
11:23So, what do you think happens when plants drink water from the ground?
11:27The plants drink out calcium too.
11:29That's right.
11:30So, almost all of the fruit and vegetables that we eat have calcium in them.
11:35But what about the milk?
11:36It doesn't come from a plant.
11:38It comes from a cow.
11:40Good point, bud.
11:42Ah, so, what do cows eat?
11:45Grass.
11:46Ah, yeah.
11:47Grass grows in the ground.
11:49So, the grass also drinks up water with calcium in it.
11:52So, cows get calcium from the grass and then make lovely creamy milk with it.
11:59So, your question was, why are we told to drink milk?
12:03And I think we've answered it.
12:05First, we found out that milk has something called calcium in it.
12:08And calcium is found in the water in the ground.
12:11And because plants drink this water, calcium is found in lots of the fruits and vegetables that we eat.
12:18And because cows and other animals eat plants like grass, calcium is found in the milk they make too.
12:24So, we're told to drink milk because it has lots of calcium in it, which our bodies need to make
12:30healthy bones and teeth.
12:31But we also discovered that calcium is in lots of other foods too.
12:35So, I hope that's answered your question.
12:37Thanks, Nina.
12:38Bye.
12:39Bye.
12:45If you want to know more about the science that's all around us, go to the Nina section on the
12:49CBB's website.
12:50Have fun.
12:52Lab coat on, Nina.
12:54Lab coat on, Ollie.
12:56Safety gloves on, Nina.
12:57Safety gloves on, Felix.
12:59And don't forget your goggles, Nina.
13:02Goggles are on, look.
13:03I think we're ready.
13:06We do experiments in the lab.
13:09In the lab.
13:10Shoo-be-do-do.
13:11In the lab.
13:13Blobbling experiments in the lab.
13:15In the lab.
13:16Go, Nina.
13:17In the lab.
13:18We're stirring a puppet, steam and smoke.
13:21We need protection, don't we, folks?
13:24We always put our safety first.
13:29Shoo-be-do-be-do-be-do-be.
13:30We do experiments in the lab.
13:33In the lab.
13:34Go, Nina.
13:35Ah, he's been such a great day, man.
13:39Seeing Nina make the calcium change colour was cool.
13:43I've had a fabby day.
13:45Going down into those exciting caves.
13:48It's been a marvellous day.
13:50It felt quite cold underground, but the stalagmites and stalactites were fascinating.
13:56Oh, I've had a brilliant day.
13:58Hearing all about how calcium gets into our food.
14:02Our day's been bursting with sensational experiments.
14:05I hope you've enjoyed it.
14:07See you soon.
14:07Bye.
14:08Bye.
14:09Bye.
14:10Bye.
14:13Bye.
14:14Bye.
14:19Bye.
14:19Bye.
14:20You
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