00:00Life, life, life, life, life, life, life
00:06And here is life, beautiful life, eager to blossom.
00:13The world invites us to new dawns.
00:20He gives us tongues, my guichanteur
00:23And the sun that dazzles us
00:27The crisp air enchants us
00:31It fills us with joy and life
00:34Life, life, life, life, life, life, life
00:41Life, life, life, life, life
00:46The human brain
00:47The most astonishing, most complex structure in the universe
00:5210 billion cells or neurons according to some, 100 billion a more likely figure according to others.
00:59As many as there are stars in the galaxy.
01:22If laid end to end, the neurons in a human brain would equal the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
01:34But where does this brain come from?
01:41At the beginning of all life, about 3 billion years ago,
01:44There were of course algae, bacteria, invertebrates, then fish, reptiles.
02:09200 million years.
02:10The archicortex that the great reptiles will bequeath to us.
02:15Its purpose is the conservation of the species.
02:18His motto: everything and right now.
02:21His reflexes, his defense of his territory.
02:24Combativeness, aggressiveness.
02:28And transmitted through evolution, all of this remains within each of us.
02:33100 million years ago, the paleocortex was already more complete.
02:37His reactions, which are less basic, include emotions such as apprehension and fear.
02:42a beginning of memory too, which translates into the instinct for preservation.
02:46And important for survival, the sense of flight.
03:14As time passes, 100,000 years ago,
03:16the neocortex, the brain of modern man.
03:19It represents 85% of the brain mass.
03:23It will allow us to make associations of ideas.
03:28Inventions.
03:33The inventions are very subtle.
03:40It will make the dream possible.
03:45The poetic dream.
03:49Mathematics.
03:51Abstraction.
03:54Art.
03:56The neocortex, in short, is what makes a man a man.
04:01A man of accomplishment.
04:04Civilized.
04:05Well, almost.
04:07The archicortex, the brain of reptiles.
04:09The paleocortex, the brain of the first mammals.
04:12The neocortex, finally, the brain of modern man.
04:16Unfortunately, communication between the three is not always perfect.
04:20Which leaves room for old memories.
04:23You can't pay attention, you idiot.
04:26You're not going to let that happen, are you?
04:35Is there something wrong?
04:39So much the better.
04:40I believed it.
05:05Move along.
05:06Move along.
05:06We are going towards the brain.
05:08Tremendous.
05:09Oh, how happy I am, children.
05:11You will be able to admire the most perfect organization of creation.
05:15Billions of cells.
05:16Billions and billions of connections.
05:18You'll see, it's extraordinary.
05:21And why, sir, could such a perfect organ possibly need our services?
05:26I admit that this is something that is beyond me.
05:29But you're way off, come on.
05:31His needs are enormous.
05:33He alone uses 2000 liters of blood per day.
05:36Those that provide him with 60 liters of air represent 20% of what the entire body consumes.
05:42Deprived of the oxygen we provide for 10 seconds, it's syncope, the loss of
05:47knowledge.
05:49And if this lasts only a few minutes, it results in permanent illusions, followed by death for the entire organism.
05:55Is something wrong? Do you need our help to continue?
06:00Come on, this isn't a place to show off or chat.
06:03So, move along, please.
06:05Move along.
06:10So, let's hurry up, old man?
06:13What a time, what a time!
06:15No respect for the elderly.
06:17It wouldn't happen like that from the button.
06:23Hey !
06:27We wouldn't need those little helping hands sometimes, pretty little globine, because...
06:32Ouch!
06:48An appeal to all organs and the blood population.
06:51Order to accelerate circulation to meet a demand from the heart.
06:54I repeat, general acceleration of circulation to meet a demand from the heart.
07:01Well then, master, you're not in a hurry?
07:04Oh no, children, because here, we are not in solidarity with the rest of the body. What is happening
07:09"Elsewhere" is not our concern.
07:11Even when it comes to matters of the heart?
07:13Oh no! The brain doesn't obey, it commands.
07:16Here, we have absolute priority, even over the heart.
07:22And you ?
07:23No, no.
07:25Ah!
07:25This way!
07:29Why don't they come with us?
07:31Because the brain primarily needs oxygen.
07:35And also sugar.
07:37But they have to use specialized routes.
07:51Master, when will we be close to these neurons to deliver our charge to them?
07:55Never, my little one.
07:57Neurons are too delicate to make direct contact with us.
08:01It's different, you'll see.
08:14And there you have it.
08:20Ah, it's the air, it's the air, it's the air.
08:51Come on, hurry up a bit.
09:02And somewhere, inside the nerve ending,
09:05A courier in giotansine is waiting to transmit the sensation.
09:19Thirsty, huh?
09:21My other side.
09:44Come on, come on, let's hurry, let's hurry!
09:46Pass it on, pass it on!
09:50Yes !
10:02All these Ichsssssssssssssssssssss,
10:04...
10:25Our paths will now diversify.
10:30That's because we have up to 100,000 connections.
10:33100,000 connections for each of the 100 trillion nerve cells in the brain.
10:38Try to imagine how many there are.
10:41Come on, come on, give it a try.
10:49Look, here come our chemical transmitters.
11:02So, what are they saying, what do they want?
11:04We're thirsty, boss.
11:07That was a close call.
11:09They are being asked to speed up their breathing, chief.
11:12And to raise the temperature.
11:14And we transmit it to the heart, the lungs, the diaphragm.
11:19You've finished making yourself interesting.
11:22These are not your problems.
11:24Transmit to the center of the medulla oblongata.
11:26It's up to them to decide.
11:28Come on !
11:46Sugars for the cortical zone R12.
11:49Faster pulse of 430.
11:50And it's thirst, chief. What do I do?
11:56Transmit to the hypothalamus the order to drink.
11:59Eh ?
12:00No, we have to stop for that, waste time.
12:02That's not certain, Charles.
12:04Listen!
12:04We've already turned up the heat!
12:07And ask for the sweat!
12:10And acceleration? Breathing!
12:12The order to drink must be transmitted to the hypothalamus.
12:15First, we must ask the heart to beat faster!
12:18To the lung, to breathe more at the regulatory center.
12:20No, no, no, no!
12:22You can't ask for everything at once!
12:24Let's respect the priorities!
12:26Old beards, old women, spoiled!
12:30Gentlemen, gentlemen!
12:31Let's transmit everything to the higher brain!
12:33It's up to him to make the decision!
12:35There you go! Good idea!
12:38Another responsibility, then.
13:14Wow, these neurotransmitters move so fast! It's unbelievable!
13:17They're at least a thousand times faster than us!
13:20All of this is simply the transmission of orders.
13:23but each order is based on knowledge, memory, experience, and reasoning.
13:28And how does the brain know so much?
13:31Well, my children, that's a great mystery.
13:33because the brain contains a number of data points that defy the imagination.
13:39Please explain, sir!
13:41Uh, yes, yes, of course, I have...
13:45Oh no, move along, move along!
13:47Well, the brain receives information from all the senses, and from all the organs as well,
13:52information that it distributes throughout its neurons,
13:55its cells, if you prefer.
13:57And how is that?
13:58Well, we understand that it's happening a little...
14:01Yeah, like, uh...
14:03In fact, I can give it to you, for example, there you go.
14:27Ouch!
14:54A sapique thorn, that's something to record.
15:05A sap thorn hurts, to record.
15:09A sap thorn bleeds, that's something to record.
15:24Ah, uh, let's have some memory proteins made for us.
15:27to store all of that, please.
15:32So, these proteins, are they coming?
15:35Let's hurry!
15:36The information to be classified is arriving!
15:39...
15:46Oh...
15:47...
15:47Let's go!
16:18Memory proteins this way
16:27For the injection, it's this way.
16:31The loops of pain this way, and for the blood, it's straight ahead.
16:34Blood is red around here
16:35Blood is viscous around here
16:36The blood clings there
16:38Blood is hot, everything that's hot is over there
16:40Hot, hot, hot, hot
16:42Oh, okay, well there you go.
17:05But if it happens like this
17:07Is it really that simple?
17:08Oh no, my dear, it's not simple at all.
17:11Because during the sting, it's not the few messengers I told you about
17:15Which will be enough to carry the sensation to the brain to store it
17:18But thousands and thousands
17:20And each of them carries a different message
17:26Here, the drop of blood
17:28It will also be classified by shape
17:30Odor, taste, temperature, composition
17:33And what else do I know?
17:56And yes, that's all part of brain activity.
18:27A rose sits
18:37A rose has sweetly registered
18:39A rose has registered pretty
18:59A rose has registered pretty
19:04A fragile rose has been recorded
19:11Warning, the thorns are being applied, pass it on!
19:25A rose has registered pretty
19:27A rose has registered pretty
19:34A rose has registered pretty
19:43Come on !
19:44But then, master, how does the brain manage to store all that?
19:48And what does he do with it?
19:49Finally, you're not listening to what I'm telling you!
19:53It is believed that if the eye, for example, receives information
19:56Or perceives a danger
19:58The news is directed to the brain
20:00Who, based on the knowledge stored
20:03Go and order the appropriate action
20:05Do you see?
20:23Srapque
20:24Srapque
20:28Lcaro
20:30Arrgh
20:31Litt munit
20:34Arrgh
20:35Arrgh
20:35Arrgh
20:35Arrgh
20:40Warning, the thorns are applying. Pass it on.
21:25The cerebellum needs to be informed quickly. There is a risk of imbalance.
21:29I don't think so, boss. We're young. We'll react instinctively, directly from our spinal cord.
21:34So let's not take any risks. Pass it on to the relevant regions.
21:51This is the cerebellum's control room. Muscle mass at risk of imbalance.
21:56Let's activate the automatic regulation. Let's inform the cortex for emergency measures.
22:02This is the cortex command center. Order the left feet to move forward quickly.
22:07Order to the hypothalamus to command the adrenal glands to release adrenaline to facilitate action.
22:13As a precaution, instruct the hands to move forward to cushion any possible impact.
22:33So, the brain knows everything, controls everything, and stores everything?
22:35He mainly knows the things that we take the trouble to show him.
22:38For the rest, he only stores a small part of what he perceives.
22:42A hundred, perhaps.
22:44Because everything is happening to her at the same time, of course.
22:48Shapes, colors, flavors, sounds, feelings, associations of ideas.
22:54So, he keeps only what is most important.
22:56And where in the brain do the orders he gives come from?
22:59Each part of the body corresponds to a specific zone.
23:01For some parts, the face and hands for example, their mobility requires a lot of space.
23:06Like this.
23:07Or like this, if you prefer.
23:12Hey !
23:13What is it?
23:13Hey, mister! So, the brain really does control the entire individual?
23:17Actually, only approximately.
23:20Because the harmony between these various parts is not always very good.
23:23For example, the oldest, most combative brain always wants to dominate.
23:29I'm going to pay for them.
23:33I have a feeling I'm going to pay for those two.
23:35No, but you heard, no, but you heard.
23:43Accelerate the end, increase blood pressure, synthesize sugar, ready for attack.
23:58Come on, calm down.
23:59We're not going to get upset over something so small.
24:01We slow down the heart rate, we eliminate excess sugar, we calm down.
24:04What business is it of his?
24:09So, let's go.
24:23The brain, 100 billion cells, 10 billion billion billion billion billion billion
24:31connections.
24:32One million reactions per minute.
24:34To write the number of combinations it could create, one would need a figure with 10 million kilometers of
24:40zero, or 26 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
24:43And all this thanks to neurons.
24:46But that's another story.
24:50Here is life, life, the soul and life listening to each other serenely.
24:57Take the name, the challenge, your expiry to joy
25:03Life, life, life, life, life, life, life, that's life
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